乳腺癌组织EG-1和Her-2表达及其与预后关系的探讨

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中EG-1和Her-2的表达及其与乳腺癌临床特征、预后的相关性.方法:采用 RT-PCR技术检测EG-1在 72 例乳腺癌及 18 例良性乳腺组织中的表达,应用免疫组化技术检测分析Her-2的表达.结果:乳腺癌组织EG-1 mRNA表达(71%)显著高于良性乳腺组织(24%),χ2=17.604,P<0.01.淋巴结转移数目越多,EG-1 mRNA阳性率越高,P<0.05.51例EG-1 mRNA阳性患者中,33例(64.7%)发生复发转移;而21例EG-1 mRNA阴性患者中,仅5例(23.8%)发生复发转移,差异有统计学意义,χ2=9.982,P<0.05.单因素生存分析表明,EG-1表达不同的患者间总生存时间(OS)和无病生存时间(DFS)差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05.Cox模型多因素回归分析显示,淋巴结转移数、EG-1 mRNA、Her-2蛋白是预测总生存率和无复发生存率的独立预后因素.结论: EG-1基因在乳腺癌组织中异常高表达,且与淋巴结转移相关,是乳腺癌潜在的预后标志.     

血管内皮生长因子-C mRNA和微血管密度与乳腺癌预后相关性关系的探讨

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织内血管内皮生长因子-C mRNA(VEGF-C mRNA)的表达及微血管密度(MVD),分析MVD和VEGF-CmRNA表达与乳腺癌患者预后的意义.方法:采用原位杂交技术观察92例乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)组织中VEGF-C mRNA的表达;CD105(细胞膜糖蛋白)标记乳腺癌组织中微血管并观察MVD.结果:不同组织学分级乳腺IDC组织中VEGF-C mRNA表达差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;在淋巴结转移组VEGF-CmRNA表达明显高于淋巴结未转移组,P<0.01;VEGF-C mRNA表达阳性组MVD明显高于VEGF-C mRNA表达阴性组,P<0.001;淋巴结转移组乳腺癌组织中MVD高于淋巴结未转移组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),VEGF-C mRNA表达阳性组(高MVD组)较VEGF-C mRNA表达阴性组(低MVD组)5年生存率低,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论:VEGF-C mRNA表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移及MVD密切相关,检测乳腺癌组织中VEGF-C mRNA表达及观察MVD可能预测乳腺癌预后.     

甲状腺癌组织VEGF-C和nm23表达及其临床意义的探讨

目的:研究VEGF-C和nm23在甲状腺癌组织中的表达及相互关系,探讨其临床意义.方法:用免疫组化EnvisionTM二步法检测63例甲状腺癌组织、10例癌旁组织和10例结节性甲状腺肿组织中VEGF-C和nm23的表达,结合临床病理因素进行分析.结果:VEGF-C蛋白在甲状腺癌组织中的表达显著高于在结节性甲状腺肿和癌旁甲状腺组织中的表达,P<0.01;VEGF-C蛋白的阳性率与淋巴结有无转移相关,P<0.01.nm23蛋白在甲状腺癌组织中的表达与年龄、淋巴结转移及临床分期有关,P<0.05.VEGF-C与nm23在甲状腺癌中表达负相关,r=-0.592,P<0.01;VEGF-C阳性表达伴nm23阴性表达组的甲状腺癌淋巴结转移率显著高于VEGF-C阴性表达伴nm23阳性表达组,P<0.01.结论:VEGF-C在甲状腺癌组织中高表达,与甲状腺癌的侵袭和转移正相关,nm23与甲状腺癌的侵袭和转移负相关.两者在甲状腺癌组织中的表达负相关,联合检测VEGF-C和nm23可能有助于甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的判断.     

MMP-9及TIMP-1 mRNA在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的研究MMP-9及TIMP-1 mRNA在不同类型甲状腺肿瘤组织及不同临床病理特征甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)中的表达,探讨其在甲状腺癌浸润、转移中的作用.方法采用石蜡切片、原位杂交法检测了20例甲状腺乳头状癌,20例甲状腺腺瘤,20例结节性甲状腺肿和20例癌旁正常甲状腺组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达.结果与癌旁正常甲状腺比较各类型肿瘤组织中MMP-9 mRNA杂交信号均呈增强的趋势(P＜0.01),与甲状腺癌比较,结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤组织中MMP-9 mRNA杂交信号均呈减弱的趋势(P＜0.05);同时,MMP-9 mRNA在甲状腺癌中的表达与肿瘤的大小、临床分期、淋巴结转移、预后指数呈正性调节关系(MMP-9 mRNA表达高者恶性度高、预后差,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).TIMP-1 mRNA在癌旁正常甲状腺组织、良性甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌中均有不同程度的表达,与癌旁正常甲状腺组织比较各类型肿瘤组织中TIMP-1 mRNA表达均呈增加的趋势,但只有甲状腺癌组明显高于正常甲状腺组,差异有显著(P＜0.05);与甲状腺癌比较,结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤组织中TIMP-1 mRNA表达没有明显改变(P＞0.05);同时TIMP-1 mRNA在甲状腺癌中的表达与临床病理特征呈负性调节关系(TIMP-1mRNA表达低者恶性度高、预后差,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论MMP-9及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达与甲状腺癌的浸润、转移密切相关,MMP-9及TIMP-1 mRNA表达有望成为判断甲状腺乳头状癌浸润、转移和预后较可靠的指标.     

乳腺癌中DNA修复基因MGMT和抑癌基因p53表达的相关性

[目的]探讨乳腺癌组织中,修复基因MGMT与抑癌基因p53蛋白表达的相关性。[方法]应用免疫组化方法同时检测40例乳腺癌和10例良性乳腺疾病组织中MGMT和p53蛋白表达。[结果]良性乳腺疾病组织MGMT蛋白表达均为阳性,p53蛋白表达均为阴性。乳腺癌22.5%丧失表达MGMT蛋白,55.0%p53蛋白表达阳性。乳腺癌组织MGMT阴性表达患者5年生存率(33.3%)明显低于MGMT阳性(80.6%)表达患者(P<0.05)。[结论]p53基因表达对MGMT基因表达起负性调节作用。MGMT蛋白表达丧失可作为判断乳腺癌患者预后的指标之一。     

ET-1和VEGF-C在喉癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究血管内皮素-1(ET-1)和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在喉癌组织中的表达规律,探讨两者与喉癌发生、发展和淋巴结转移的关系及在预后中的意义。方法:选择45例经病理确诊的喉癌组织为实验组,20例喉良性病变组织为对照组,免疫组化法和实时荧光定量PCR法检测ET-1和VEGF-C蛋白和mRNA的表达,5’-核苷酸酶染色法(5’-Nase)计数淋巴管密度(LVD),CD34染色计数微血管密度(MVD),并结合临床病理特征和生存资料进行相关分析。结果:喉癌淋巴结转移组ET-1、VEGF-C蛋白和mRNA表达显著高于未转移组(P<0.05),二者均显著高于良性喉组织(P<0.01)。喉癌组织中ET-1蛋白表达与瘤内和瘤周LVD、MVD、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润、TNM临床分期显著相关(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位及组织学分级无关(P>0.05)。VEGF-C蛋白表达与瘤内和瘤周LVD、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润、MVD显著相关(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、TNM临床分期及组织学分级无关(P>0.05)。ET-1和VEGF-C在肿瘤组织中的蛋白表达正相关(r=0.456,P=0.001)。生存分析显示ET-1蛋白阳性表达与生存率无关(P>0.05),ET-1+/VEGF-C+、VEGF-C蛋白阳性表达与生存率负相关(P<0.05),其中ET-1+/VEGF-C+阳性表达更具有显著高危死亡率(P=0.000)。Cox回归模型显示ET-1+/VEGF-C+可以独立影响预后(P<0.05)。结论:ET-1和VEGF-C均能促进喉癌淋巴管生成和血管生成。在喉癌组织中ET-1过表达可能通过诱导VEGF-C表达上调促进喉癌淋巴管生成和淋巴结转移。联合检测ET-1及VEGF-C的表达可成为判断喉癌预后的新的生物学指标。     

甲状腺肿瘤组织中VEGF及其受体表达与临床病理的联系

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子及其受体表达与临床病理的关系。方法对50例甲状腺癌、30例甲状腺腺瘤、20例正常甲状腺组织采用免疫组织化学方法测定其VEGF及其受体蛋白表达,并分析与临床病理的关系。结果(1)甲状腺癌组织中VEGF及其受体蛋白表达阳性率明显高于甲状腺腺瘤及正常甲状腺组织,均有显著性差异(P<0.01);(2)VEGF及其受体蛋白在甲状腺癌不同组织学类型的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)甲状腺癌淋巴结转移组VEGF及其受体蛋白表达阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移组,有显著性差异(P<0.01);(4)甲状腺癌预后不良组VEGF及其受体蛋白表达阳性率明显高于预后良好组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺癌组织中VEGF及其受体蛋白表达阳性率明显增高,VEGF及其受体蛋白表达为甲状腺癌患者的不良预后。     

CD151在甲状腺肿瘤发生与演变中的作用

目的: 研究甲状腺组织中CD151mRNA和蛋白的表达及其与甲状腺肿瘤的关系. 方法: 用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及免疫组化EnvisionTM二步法检测27例甲状腺癌、10例滤泡性腺瘤及8例正常甲状腺组织中CD151 mRNA及蛋白的表达,并与临床及病理资料进行比较. 结果: CD151mRNA和蛋白在甲状腺癌组的表达明显高于滤泡性腺瘤组和正常甲状腺组,滤泡性腺瘤组高于正常甲状腺组,组间比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01;P<0.05);CD151mRNA和蛋白表达与甲状腺癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小及淋巴结转移无相关性(P>0.05);CD151mRNA和蛋白在甲状腺病变组织中的表达呈正相关(r＝0.511;P<0.01).结论: CD151在正常甲状腺、滤泡性腺瘤及甲状腺癌中的表达呈递增趋势,提示CD151的高表达可能在甲状腺肿瘤的发生发展中起促进作用.     

甲状腺癌淋巴管生成因子表达与淋巴结转移关系的研究

目的研究淋巴管生成因子(VEGF-C)在甲状腺癌中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系.方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测44例甲状腺癌中VEGF-C的表达情况,并以17例癌旁正常甲状腺组织作对照.结果 VEGF-C在甲状腺癌中有高水平表达(81.8%),其中乳头状癌阳性表达(88.9%)高于其他类型,有淋巴结转移组VEGF-C阳性率(92.0%)明显高于无淋巴结转移组(68.4%,P＜0.05).9例死亡病例中7例为阳性表达.结论 VEGF-C表达与甲状腺癌病理分型及预后可能有一定关系,与甲状腺癌淋巴结转移密切相关.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.