Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. in the small intestine following ingestion in fermented milk. A rational basis for the use of probiotics in man]

Oro-ileal intubation was performed in 6 healthy volunteers who ingested, either 100 g of a fermented milk containing 10(8)/g Lactobacillus acidophilus and 10(7)/g Bifidobacterium sp or sterilized fermented milk along with a meal in random order. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium were counted in the ileal fluid which was aspirated continuously for 8 h, and flow rates were calculated using the constant slow infusion of PEG 4000. After ingestion of fermented milk but not after control, hourly ileal flow rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium increased form 4.8 +/- 0.2 and 4.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.2 +/- 0.3 and 8.0 +/- 0.3, respectively (mean +/- SE log10 CFU). 8.3 +/- 0.2 Lactobacillus acidophilus and 8.8 +/- 0.1 Bifidobacterium were recovered in the ileum which represented 1.5 percent and 37.5 percent of the ingested bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, under usual conditions of fermented milk ingestion, a large number of living Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon.     

Effects of fermented soy milk on the liver lipids under oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the effects of fermented soy milk powder on the antioxidative status and lipid metabolism in the livers of CCl4-injected rats. METHODS: Forty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups according to five different diets: control (AIN-76), AIN-76+high-dose fermented soy milk powder, AIN-76+low-dose fermented soy milk powder, AIN-76+high-dose milk yogurt powder and AIN-76+low-dose milk yogurt powder. The experiment lasted for 8 wk. After 4 wk, all the rats received intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) every week. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), TBARS, ALP, and antioxidative enzymes in the liver were evaluated. RESULTS: There was also no significant difference in TBARS and antioxidative enzymes in the liver. TC and TG in the groups fed with fermented soy milk powder were generally lower than those fed with casein powder. CONCLUSION: Consumption of fermented soy milk was positive in lowering total cholesterol and TG accumulation in the liver under CCl4-induced oxidative stress.     

不同病程老年帕金森病患者肠道菌群和血清氨基酸水平的变化

目的 探讨不同病程老年帕金森病(PD)患者肠道菌群和血清氨基酸水平的变化,为临床诊断、预防和治疗PD提供依据.方法 选取2018年1月至2019年8月在我院诊治的老年PD患者140例,根据病程划分为＜5年PD组(70例)和≥5年PD组(70例),并选取我院体检非PD老年人(90例)作为对照组.采用16SrDNA基因实时...     

Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 on Chinese constipated women

AIM： To investigate the effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 and yogurt strains （BIO） on adult women with constipation in Beijing. METHODS： A total of 135 adult females with constipation were randomly allocated to consume for 2 wk either 100 g of the test fermented milk or 100 g of an acidified milk containing non-living bacteria （control）. Stool frequency, defecation condition scores, stool consistency and food intake were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 2 wk in an intention-totreat population of 126 subjects. In parallel, safety evaluation parameters were performed. RESULTS： At baseline, no differences were found between groups. Following consumption of test product, stool frequency was significantly increased after 1 wk （3.5±1.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.6, P 〈 0.01） and 2 wk （4.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.4 ± 0.6, P 〈 0.01）, vs baseline. Similarly, after 1 and 2 wk, of test product consumption, defecation condition （1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.9 ±1.2, P 〈 0.01 and 0.8 ± 1.0 vs 1.9 ± 1.2, P 〈 0.01, respectively） and stool consistency （1.0 ± 0.8 vs 1.5 ±1.1, P 〈 0.01 and 0.6±0.8 vs 1.5 ± 1.1,P 〈 0.01, respectively） were significantly improved. Compared with the control group, stool frequency was also significantly increased （3.5 ± 1.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.9, P 〈 0.01 and 4.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.6 ± 1.0, P 〈 0.01, respectively）, and defecation condition （1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.1, P 〈 0.01 and 0.8 ± 1.0 vs 1.6 ± 1.1, P 〈 0.01, respectively） and stool consistency （1.0 ± 0.8 vs 1.4 ± 1.0, P 〈 0.05 and 0.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.3 ± 1.0, P 〈 0.01, respectively） significantly decreased after 1 and 2 wk of product consumption. During the same period, food intake did not change between the two groups, and safety parameters of the subjects were within normal ranges. CONCLUSION： This study suggests a beneficial effect of a fermented milk containing B. lactis DN-173010 on stool frequency, defecation condition and stool consistency in adult women with constipation cons     

Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase mutants of probiotic human-derived Lactobacillus reuteri are defective in TNF inhibition

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Many probiotic strains are now marketed to consumers and include organisms such as lactobacilli, streptococci, bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, “Saccharomyces boulardii”. In general, probiotics are considered safe for human consumption based on previous clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and historical usage in fermented foods. A subset of these probiotics have been derived from commensal bacteria indigenous to Homo sapiens. One such indigenous Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus reuteri, includes a variety of strains derived from human breast milk and the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms by which commensal-derived probiotics promote health and combat diseases are poorly understood. Possible mechanisms include improving nutrient absorption, pathogen exclusion, strengthening intestinal barrier function and regulation of the immune system. A better understanding of how probiotics influence health is critical to fully optimize the integrative physiology of commensal microbial communities and mammalian hosts.     

Double blind,placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic efficacy against colitis following lactobacillus consumption in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) mice has been reported. Whether this applies equally to other probiotic strains is unknown, and the mechanism is unclear. AIMS: (1) To compare the effect of feeding Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 against placebo on enterocolitis, the intestinal microflora, and (2) to compare the systemic immunological response to in vitro microbial challenge in probiotic fed and control IL-10 KO mice. METHODS: Three groups of 10 IL-10 KO mice were fed fermented milk products containing Lb salivarius 433118 at 10(9) CFU/ml, B infantis 35624 at 10(8) CFU/ml, and unmodified milk, respectively, for 19 weeks. Faecal samples were taken at regular intervals to confirm gut transit, recovery of fed probiotics, and to assess the impact on the microflora. At sacrifice, the bowels were histologically scored. Cytokine production from Peyers' patches and splenocytes was measured in vitro by ELISA. RESULTS: Faecal recovery of probiotics was confirmed in all probiotic fed mice but not in controls. Colonic and caecal inflammatory scores were significantly decreased in both groups of probiotic fed mice (p<0.05). Proinflammatory cytokine production by Peyers' patches and splenocytes was significantly reduced in probiotic fed animals whereas transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) levels were maintained. CONCLUSION: Both Lactobacillus salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly attenuate colitis in this murine model. Attenuation of colitis is associated with a reduced ability to produce Th1-type cytokines systemically and mucosally, while levels of TGF-beta are maintained.     

炎症性肠病患者血清miR-181a-5p和miR-126表达水平及其与肠道菌群相关性的研究

目的 探讨miR-181a-5p、miR-126在炎症性肠病(IBD)患者血清中的表达及其与肠道菌群的相关性.方法 收集2016年10月至2018年12月保定市第二医院收治的100例活动期IBD患者作为研究组,根据IBD类型分为溃疡性肠炎(UC)组(60例)和克罗恩病(CD)组(40例),另选择同期在本院体检的50名健...     

拉克替醇对慢性病毒性肝炎患者肠道菌群及内毒素血症的影响

目的 观察拉克替醇对慢性病毒性肝炎患者肠道菌群及血内毒素水平的影响。方法60例慢性病毒性肝炎伴血内毒素升高的患者随机分为两组，对照组30例采用常规保肝降酶治疗，治疗组30例在常规治疗的基础上加用拉克替醇，观察两组患者治疗前及治疗3周后肠道菌群、血内毒素水平的变化。结果治疗组患者肠道内乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P〈0．01），产气荚膜梭菌显著降低（P〈O．01），血内毒素水平显著降低（P〈O．01）。结论拉克替醇能通过调节慢性病毒性肝炎患者肠道菌群，更有效降低血内毒素水平。     

Dynamic analysis of human small intestinal microbiota after an ingestion of fermented milk by small-intestinal fluid perfusion using an endoscopic retrograde bowel insertion technique

ABSTRACT

Probiotic products have been shown to have beneficial effects on human hosts, but what happens in the gastrointestinal tract after its ingestion remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the changes within the small intestines after a single intake of a fermented milk product containing a probiotic. We have periodically collected the small-intestinal fluids from the terminal ileum of seven healthy subjects for up to 7 h after ingestion by small-intestinal fluid perfusion using an endoscopic retrograde bowel insertion technique. The bacterial composition of the terminal ileum clearly revealed that the ingested probiotics (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota: LcS and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult: BbrY) occupied the ileal microbiota for several hours, temporarily representing over 90% of the ileal microbiota in several subjects. Cultivation of ileal fluids showed that under a dramatic pH changes before reaching the terminal ileum, a certain number of the ingested bacteria survived (8.2 ± 6.4% of LcS, 7.8 ± 11.0% of BbrY). This means that more than 1 billion LcS and BbrY cells reached the terminal ileum with their colony-forming ability intact. These results indicate that there is adequate opportunity for the ingested probiotics to continuously stimulate the host cells in the small intestines. Our data suggest that probiotic fermented milk intake affects intestinal microbes and the host, explaining part of the process from the intake of probiotics to the exertion of their beneficial effects on the host.     

Analysis of the fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls with real-time PCR

OBJECTIVE: The gut microbiota may contribute to the onset and maintenance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, the microbiotas of patients suffering from IBS were compared with a control group devoid of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. METHODS: Fecal microbiota of patients (n = 27) fulfilling the Rome II criteria for IBS was compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects (n = 22). Fecal samples were obtained at 3 months intervals. Total bacterial DNA was analyzed by 20 quantitative real-time PCR assays covering approximately 300 bacterial species. RESULTS: Extensive individual variation was observed in the GI microbiota among both the IBS- and control groups. Sorting of the IBS patients according to the symptom subtypes (diarrhea, constipation, and alternating predominant type) revealed that lower amounts of Lactobacillus spp. were present in the samples of diarrhea predominant IBS patients whereas constipation predominant IBS patients carried increased amounts of Veillonella spp. Average results from three fecal samples suggested differences in the Clostridium coccoides subgroup and Bifidobacterium catenulatum group between IBS patients (n = 21) and controls (n = 15). Of the intestinal pathogens earlier associated with IBS, no indications of Helicobacter spp. or Clostridium difficile were found whereas one case of Campylobacter jejuni was identified by sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: With these real-time PCR assays, quantitative alterations in the GI microbiota of IBS patients were found. Increasing microbial DNA sequence information will further allow designing of new real-time PCR assays for a more extensive analysis of intestinal microbes in IBS.     

东垣针法联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效及对肠道微生态的影响

目的:观察东垣针法联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效及对肠道微生态的影响.方法:将88例患者随机分为观察组、对照组,每组44例.2组均接受口服双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片,4片/次,3次/d.对照组给予参苓白术颗粒,1袋,3次/d 口服;观察组给予东垣针法(中脘、天枢、章门、关元、昆仑、胃俞、足三里、...     

Effect of synbiotics on intestinal microflora and digestive enzyme activities in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the fecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose group. CONCLUSION: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.     

Association of symptoms with gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

AIM:To investigate the correlations between selfreported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and the gastrointestinal(GI) microbiota composition.METHODS:Fecal samples were collected from a total of 44 subjects diagnosed with IBS.Their symptoms were monitored with a validated inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire adjusted for IBS patients.Thirteen quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to evaluate the GI microbiota composition.Eubacteria and GI bacterial genera(Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Veillonella),groups(Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and distinct bacterial phylotypes [closest 16S rDNA sequence resemblance to species Bifidobacterium catenulatum,Clostridium cocleatum,Collinsella aerofaciens(C.aerofaciens),Coprococcus eutactus(C.eutactus),Ruminococcus torques and Streptococcus bovis ] with a suspected association with IBS were quantified.Correlations between quantities or presence/absence data of selected bacterial groups or phylotypes and various IBSrelated symptoms were investigated.RESULTS:Associations were observed between subjects’ self-reported symptoms and the presence or quantities of certain GI bacteria.A Ruminococcus torques(R.torques)-like(94% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence) phylotype was associated with severity of bowel symptoms.Furthermore,among IBS subjects with R.torques 94% detected,the amounts of C.cocleatum 88%,C.aerofaciens-like and C.eutactus 97% phylotypes were significantly reduced.Interesting observations were also made concerning the effect of a subject’s weight on GI microbiota with regard to C.aerofaciens like phylotype,Bifidobacterium spp.and Lactobacillus spp.CONCLUSION:Bacteria seemingly affecting the symptom scores are unlikely to be the underlying cause or cure of IBS,but they may serve as biomarkers of the condition.     

The importance of clostridia in experimental intestinal strangulation.

Hemorrhagic and ischemic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was sutdied in germ-free rats individually monocontaminated with one of eight separate species of clostridia. Ischemic strangulation was found to be as deadly as hemorrhagic strangulation in the presence of clostridia. Some clostridia were very toxic whereas others were relatively innocuous. The clostridia, ranked in the order of decreasing lethality, were: Clostridium perfringens type A, C. septicum, C. histolyticum, C. haemolyticum, C. bifermantans, C. sporogenes, C. tertium, and C. novyi type A. All species were readily established in the gastrointestinal tract of the nonoperated germ-free rat. The clostridia appear to be one of the most potentially lethal groups of organisms commonly found in the intestinal tract of human beings and animals.     

酪酸梭菌活菌片对结直肠癌术后FOLFOX4方案化疗肠道菌群平衡、毒副反应及免疫炎症指标的影响

背景 结直肠癌术后亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶+奥沙利铂(folinate 5-fluorouracil oxaliplatin,FOLFOX4)方案的化疗在清除和抑制癌细胞的同时,也破坏了身体正常的消化代谢,降低了免疫能力.酪酸梭菌作为有益菌,可以调节肠道菌群系统,增强机体免疫功能,因此从某种程度上可以用来调节化疗带来的负反应...     

Protective role of supplement with foreign Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intestinal microflora play a crucial role in some severe liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Lactobacillus strain and a Bifidobacterium strain on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) liver injury. METHODS: Rats were divided into six groups. Each group received either Bifidobacterium Catenulatum ZYB0401; Lactobacillus Fermentum ZYL0401; a mixture of these two bacterial strains; gentamicin; or saline by daily gavage for 7 days. On the sixth day, all rats, except those in the control group, were subjected to 20 min of liver ischemia. After 22 h of hepatic reperfusion, liver enzymes and histology, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), endotoxemia, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), intestinal bacteria, intestinal mucosal ultrastructure, and bacterial translocation were studied. RESULTS: All administered bacteria increased intestinal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, decreased endotoxemia (P < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.01), and markedly ameliorated liver histology and intestinal mucosal ultrastructure. Only rats treated with Bifidobacterium Catenulatum ZYB0401 and Lactobacillus Fermentum ZYL0401 showed reduced incidence of bacterial translocation to the kidney (P < 0.05), associated with decreased serum TNF-alpha and liver MDA (P < 0.05) and increased liver SOD (P < 0.05) compared to the I/R group. Gentamicin decreased almost all kinds of intestinal bacteria (P < 0.01) and decreased ALT (P < 0.01) and serum TNF-alpha, but failed to reduce both endotoxemia and the incidence of bacterial translocation and had no effects on liver MDA and SOD. CONCLUSION: Bifidobacterium Catenulatum ZYB0401 in combination with Lactobacillus Fermentum ZYL0401 could be useful in restoring intestinal microflora and in preventing liver injury in hepatic I/R of rats.     

结直肠癌根治术后肠道菌群、miR-10a表达变化及微生态肠内营养干预作用

背景 直肠癌根治术为治疗直肠癌的重要方法,但手术引起的肠道菌群失调、基因表达变化均不利于预后改善,积极探索术后肠道菌群、相关基因表达变化情况对指导干预措施的制定具有重要指导价值.目的 探讨结直肠癌根治术后肠道菌群、微小RNA-10a(microRNA-10a,miR-10a)表达变化情况,并分析微生态肠内营养干预的作用...     

Rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method

AIM： To develop a new, rapid and accurate reverse dot blot （RDB） method for the detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples. METHODS： The 12 intestinal pathogens tested were Salmonella spp., Brucella spp., Escherichia coli O157：H7, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica , Vibrio cholerae , Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The two universal primers were designed to amplify two variable regions of bacterial 16S and 23S rDNA genes from all of the 12 bacterial species tested. Five hundred and forty fecal samples from the diarrhea patients were detected using the improved RDB assay. RESULTS： The methods could identify the 12 intestinal pathogens specifically, and the detection limit was as low as 103 CFUs. The consistent detection rate of the improved RDB assay compared with the traditional culture method was up to 88.75%. CONCLUSION： The hybridization results indicated that the improved RDB assay developed was a reliable method for the detection of intestinal pathogen in fecal samples.     

益生菌治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症的疗效及对肠道菌群变化的影响

目的 观察益生菌治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的疗效及对肠道菌群变化的影响.方法 将20例难治性ITP患者随机分为益生菌组和对照组,每组10例.益生菌组给予达那唑+环孢素+双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片口服.对照组给予达那唑+环孢素+维生素C片口服.治疗前及治疗8周后采血用定量酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测...     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-10表达与肠道菌群分布的相关性

目的 观察溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者肠道菌群分布情况,分析血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平与肠道菌群的关系,为未来该类疾病临床干预方案的制定提供参考依据.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年6月南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)完成治疗的29例活动期UC患者,作为观察组...