特利加压素对肝硬化患者肝部分切除术后肝肾功能保护作用的效果分析

目的 探讨特利加压素对肝硬化患者肝部分切除术后肝肾功能保护作用的临床疗效.方法 通过对57例行非规则性肝切除术的原发性肝癌合并肝硬化患者的临床资料进行分析,按照其手术后是否应用特利加压素,将其分为试验组(A组)27例和对照组(B组)30例,试验组术后当天开始应用特利加压素,对照组术后不使用特利加压素,观察两组手术前后肝功能指标(ALT、AST、TB)、腹腔引流液、尿量及肾功能指标(Cr、BUN)的变化.结果 与术后第1天比较,两组患者术后第3、5、7天血ALT、AST及腹腔引流液均有显著降低(P＜0.05),尿量均有显著增加(P＜0.05),术后第7天肌酐均显著降低(P＜0.05),但对照组上述观察指标改善不如试验组明显.组间比较,试验组患者的血ALT于术后第5天、第7大明显低于对照组,分别为(144.9±76.3)U/L、(100.5±61.5) U/L和(267.2 ±91.2) U/L、(199.3 ±70.5) U/L,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),试验组术后第3、5、7天AST(211.1 ±99.8) U/L、(80.4±54.6) U/L、(50.6±46.5) U/L、尿素氮(6.6±1.9) mmol/L、(6.5±1.7) mmol/L、(6.3 ±2.1)mmol/L、肌酐(74.3±10.9) μmol/L、(71.5±8.9)μmol/L、(58.7±4.1) μmol/L、腹腔引流液(247.6±60.3) ml、(58.8±54.3) ml、(40.2±31.8) ml低于对照组AST(298.7±131.2) U/L、(201.1 ±93.4) U/L、(114.7±70.3) U/L、尿素氮(7.3±1.9) mmol/L、(7.2±1.8) mmol/L、(7.1±1.7) mmol/L、肌酐(79.5 ±15.1)μmol/L、(76.9±16.2) μmol/L、(69.4 ±11.4) μmol/L、腹腔引流液(275.2±88.1) ml、(191.7±71.6) ml、(93.2±50.2) ml,尿量(2232.3±409.8) ml、(2270.5±395.8)ml、(2179.0 ±301.4)ml多于对照组尿量(1921 ±510.4) ml、(2019.1±411.2) ml、(1978.7±323.7) ml,两组之间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组有2例(7.4％)患者并发肝肾功能不全、肝肾综合征等并发症,而对照组有11例(36.7％).结论 应用特利加压素对肝硬化肝部分切除术患者的肝肾功能有一定的保护作用,并可减少术后腹腔积液及预防肝肾综合征的发生.     

肝癌切除围手术期肝脏功能的保护

Liver cancer is a common malignancy.Its incidence ranks sixth among malignant tumors,and it is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide.Extended hepatectomy,hepatectomy following chemotherapy and repeat or staged hepatectomy are being widely used to prolong the survival time of patients with hepatic neoplasms.Although advances in perioperative management and operative techniques have improved the safety and extended the indications for hepatectomy over the past 2 decades,postoperative hepatic failure is still a severe complication which causes perioperative mortality.In this review,current advances in preoperative evaluation of the condition of patients,precise hepatectomy,postoperative assessment of the hepatic function and therapeutic strategies for postoperative hepatic failure are introduced.     

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肝脏是人体内营养和能量代谢器官,严重创伤和大手术均会导致肝脏代谢负荷的骤增。然而,在伴有肝硬变的肝病如肝的良、恶性肿瘤,肝内胆管结石等,行肝切除术时,不但肝功能遭受更为严重的损害,加之肝硬变病人的肝再生能力低下,术后极易导致肝功能衰竭。因此,对伴有肝硬变病人行肝切除术时,术前、术中及术后如何保护肝功能,使手术带来的肝损害降到最低程度,安全度过手术关是临床常遇到的问题。     

入肝血流阻断对肝切除术后血乳酸水平的影响

目的 分析肝切除术中入肝血流阻断对术后动脉血乳酸水平及pH值的影响.方法 回顾性分析我科2006年1月至2008年12月行肝切除术的68例患者,根据术中是否行人肝血流阻断分为肝门阻断组(20例)、规则半肝切除组(22例)和未阻断肝门组(26例).比较3组患者术后动脉血气、乳酸浓度及肝、肾功能等指标.结果 肝门阻断组和规则半肝切除组患者术后动脉血乳酸浓度明显升高[(5.53±2.31)mmoL/L,(5.62±2.52)mmol/L),与术中未阻断肝门组[(3.37±1.56)mmol/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);半肝切除组HCO3-水平较肝门不阻断组明显降低[(19.68±3.82)mmoL/L vs(21.65±2.48)mmol/L,P<0.05];3组患者术后的pH、肝肾功能等改变无统计学意义.结论 人肝血流阻断可导致肝切除术后动脉血乳酸水平明显增高,术后密切监测乳酸浓度并及时处理,可避免术后高乳酸血症及代谢性酸中毒.     

乌司他丁对肝脏肿瘤切除术患者肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察乌司他丁对肝脏肿瘤切除术患者肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法选择32例ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级拟行肝脏肿瘤切除术的患者,随机均分为乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组)。U组:乌司他丁12000U/kg加在生理盐水50ml中,麻醉诱导后切皮前经颈内静脉泵入;C组:注入等量的生理盐水。在切皮时(T1)、缺血后10min(T2)、再灌注10min(T3)、30min(T4)、1h(T5)、术后1d(T6)、2d(T7)抽取静脉血测定血浆中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)水平、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)浓度。结果与T1时比较,T3～T6时两组的AST、ALT活性、MDA水平、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度均明显升高;SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)。与C组比较,T2～T7时U组的AST和ALT活性明显降低;T3～T5时MDA水平、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α浓度均明显降低;T3～T5时SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁能抑制氧自由基生成和炎症因子的释放,对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

氧雾化眼罩对全麻患者的眼保护作用

目的探讨氧雾化眼罩用于全麻患者眼保护的可行性。方法临床研究:180例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、在全麻下行择期手术的患者随机均分成三组。Ⅰ组采用氧雾化眼罩法,Ⅱ组用涂抹金霉素眼膏法,Ⅲ组除用Schirmer试验测定各时间段泪液产量外,不作任何干预。动物实验:健康家兔20只,随机均分成A、B两组。A组左眼戴保护性眼罩,B组左眼涂金霉素软膏,右眼均不加干预,两组兔在全麻下行眼部干燥及消毒液的误入试验。临床研究及动物实验组均于麻醉前及手术后应用荧光染色法检查有无角膜损伤表现。结果临床研究与动物实验均提示全麻可抑制泪液分泌(P<0.05或P<0.01),并随全麻深度加深而加剧,故全麻患者围麻醉期除了眼睑闭合不良等其他因素,还极易并发角膜干燥性眼损伤。结论氧雾化眼罩可增加眼罩内的湿度和氧浓度,用于围麻醉期眼保护可行且有效。     

Assessment of liver function for successful hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with impaired hepatic function

Background/Purpose  This study aimed to construct a formula for assessing liver function in order to prevent post-hepatectomy liver failure. Methods  A formula was constructed by analyzing data from 28 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with liver cirrhosis operated on between 1981 and 1984. Next, we evaluated the validity of this formula in 207 hepatectomy patients operated on from 1985 to 1999. For 145 hepatectomy patients operated on from 2000 to 2006, this formula was calculated before surgery in order to assess their risk of hepatectomy. Results  The formula for liver functional evaluation, constructed from preoperative hepatic function parameters, was: liver failure score = 164.8 − 0.58 × Alb − 1.07 × HPT + 0.062 × GOT − 685 × K. ICG − 3.57 × OGTT. LI + 0.074 × RW, where Alb is albumin (g/dl); HPT, hepaplastin test (%); GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (U/l); K. ICG, K value of indocyanine green clearance test; OGTT. LI, 60-min/120-min glucose level in 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. linearity index of OGTT; and RW, weight of resected liver (g). We decided that a score below 25 would be safe for hepatectomy. Conclusions  The mortality rate decreased from 3.9% in 1985–1999 to 1.3% in 2000–2006. This finding allows us to conclude that the formula is valid for assessing the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure.     

Beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing hepatectomy: the role of neutrophils

HYPOTHESES: Temporary vascular clampage (Pringle maneuver) during liver surgery can cause ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this process, activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) might play a major role. Thus, we investigated the effects of hepatic ischemic preconditioning on PMNL functions. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. Patients who underwent partial liver resection were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group 1 without Pringle maneuver; group 2 with Pringle maneuver, and group 3 with ischemic preconditioning using 10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion prior to Pringle maneuver for resection. SETTING: University hospital, Munich, Germany. PATIENTS: Seventy-five patients underwent hepatic surgery mostly owing to metastasis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative factors for PMNL activation, inflammation, and postoperative hepatocellular integrity. RESULTS: Ischemia-reperfusion of the human liver (mean +/- SD time to perform the Pringle maneuver, 35.5 +/- 2.6 minutes) caused (1) a decrease in the number of circulating PMNLs, (2) their intrahepatic sequestration, (3) their systemic activation, and (4) a significant correlation between the degree of their postischemic activation and the postoperative rise in liver enzyme serum levels. In parallel, cytokines with proinflammatory and chemotactic properties were released reaching the highest values when stimulation of PMNLs was most pronounced. When ischemic preconditioning preceded the Pringle maneuver, activation of PMNLs and cytokine plasma levels was reduced as evidenced by the attenuation of superoxide anion production, beta(2)-integrin up-regulation, and interleukin 8 serum concentrations, followed by a significant reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase levels on the first and second postoperative days. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate in humans that ischemic preconditioning reduces activation of PMNLs elicited by the Pringle maneuver. The down-regulation of potentially cytotoxic functions of PMNLs might be one of yet unknown important pathways that altogether mediate protection by ischemic preconditioning.     

肝硬变患者部分肝切除术后肝功能衰竭的预防

部分肝切除术的主要适应证是原发性肝细胞性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）。文献报告,７４．７％～８９．２％ＨＣＣ合并有不同程度的肝硬变。ＨＣＣ行部分肝切除人多数是在有肝硬变或慢性肝病基础上进行的,肝硬变、肝切除、术后肝功能衰竭（肝衰）之间有密切的联系。１ 肝硬变与部分肝切除术后肝功能衰竭的关系１．１ 肝硬变一部分肝切除术后肝功能衰竭发生的高危险因素 部分肝切除超过一定极限量,便会导致术后发生肝衰。术后肝衰是临床肝切除术后致命并发症,也是引起术后早期死亡的主要原因之一。目前对术后肝衰的治疗颇为困难。临床上,肝切除术后…     

不同肝脏血流阻断技术对术中吲哚青绿滞留试验的影响

目的 研究不同肝脏血流阻断技术对术中吲哚青绿滞留试验的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2009-2010年62例接受肝部分切除治疗肝癌患者的临床资料.其中A组13例术中未行肝门阻断;B组29例术中行第一肝门阻断(Pringle法);C组20例术中行选择性入肝血流(肝动脉、门静脉)阻断.术前及术中均行分光脉动法吲哚青绿滞留试验.结果 (1)与A组比较,B组、C组术中出血量减少,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016,P=0.001).(2)三组患者术前吲哚青绿15 min滞留率(ICGR15)无明显差异,B组术中ICGR15明显高于A、C组(P=0.011,P=0.030).(3)三组患者术中ICGR15均较术前有所升高,其幅度与术中出血量(r=0.349,P=0.005)及第一肝门阻断总时间(r=0.484,P=0.001)有明显的相关性.(4)C组患者术后肝脏功能恢复情况优于A、B组患者.结论 选择性入肝血流阻断技术既可以减少肝切除术中缺氧损伤又可以避免缺血再灌注损伤,有利于患者的术后康复,特别适用于合并肝硬化的患者.     

Impaired polymorphonuclear leucocyte function in patients undergoing hepatectomy: adenylate energy charge and superoxide anion production in relation to hepatic mitochondrial redox state

Patients undergoing hepatectomy have an increased susceptibility to infection. We therefore studied the energy metabolism of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN), focusing on energy charge and function, especially superoxide anion (O2-) generation, in relation to the hepatic mitochondrial redox state. By labelling the PMN adenine nucleotide pool with radioactive adenine and by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c, the energy charge and O2- production was measured in 18 patients with hepatoma (non-cirrhotic, seven; cirrhotic, 11) undergoing hepatectomy. Their arterial ketone body ratios (KBRs), reflecting the hepatic mitochondrial redox potential, were above 0.7 before operation. After surgery, the 18 patients were divided into two groups: group A, KBR greater than 0.7, n = 10; and group B, KBR less than 0.7, n = 8. The energy charge and O2- release in group B decreased significantly from preoperative values (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01 respectively) and when compared with group A (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively). These results suggest that impaired hepatic energy metabolism (KBR less than 0.7) in hepatectomized patients leads to impaired energy charge and O2- production in the PMNs.     

The effects of intermittent inflow occlusion and hepatic steatosis on postoperative liver functions in living liver donors undergoing right hepatectomy

Background

Intermittent inflow occlusion (IIO) is a safe, effective method to reduce blood loss during liver resection and preserve function even among patients with underlying diseases such as steatosis and cirrhosis. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of IIO on postoperative liver function tests (LFT) and on morbidity among living liver donors undergoing a right hepatectomy, including donors with mild degrees (5%-30%) of macrovesicular steatosis (MaS).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 186 living liver donors from August 2008 to September 2010. Donors were divided into two groups according to group IIO (n = 81) versus Controls (no IIO, n = 105). Within each group, donors were subdivided to evaluate Peak values of LFTs and complications into according the degree of MaS: group I_5 (n = 36); IIO + <5% MaS, group I_30 (n = 45); IIO + 5%-30% MaS, group C_5 (n = 55); Control + <5% MaS, and group C_30 (n = 50); Control + 5%-30% MaS.

Results

Peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among IIO were significantly higher than Non-IIO. These values in groups I_5 and I_30 were significantly higher than groups C_5 and C_30, respectively (all, P < .01). The overall postoperative complications were comparable between groups IIO and Non-IIO, but significantly higher among group I_30 than groups I_5 (P = 0.024) and C_30 (P = .012).

Conclusions

Application of IIO in donors with mild macrosteatosis undergoing right hepatectomy showed significantly higher postoperative peak liver functions tests and number of overall complications than those without IIO.     

Predictors of intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing hepatectomy

Purpose

Despite recent advances in surgical techniques, blood loss can still determine the postoperative outcome of hepatectomy. Thus, the preoperative identification of risk factors predicting increased blood loss is important.

Methods

We studied retrospectively the clinical records of 482 patients who underwent elective hepatectomy for liver disease, and analyzed the clinicopathological and surgical parameters influencing intraoperative blood loss.

Results

Red cell transfusion was required for 165 patients (35 %). Based on blood transfusion requirement and hepatic failure, we estimated predictive cut-off values at 850 and 1500 ml. The factors found to be significantly associated with increased blood loss were as follows: male gender, obstructive jaundice, non-metastatic liver carcinoma, Child-Pugh B disease, decreased uptake ratio on liver scintigraphy, platelet count, or prothrombin activity, longer hepatic transection time, operating time, the surgeon’s technique, J-shape or median incision, major hepatectomy, and not using hemostatic devices (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified male gender, low prothrombin activity, longer transection time, longer operation time, and not using hemostatic devices as factors independently associated with increased blood loss (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Male gender and low prothrombin activity represent risk factors for increased blood loss during hepatectomy. Moreover, every effort should be made to reduce the transection and operating times using the latest hemostatic devices.     

异丙酚对腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹患者肝功能的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹患者肝功能的影响.方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者50例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,随机分为2组(n=25):异氟醚组(Ⅰ组)和异丙酚组(P组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼3 gg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg,气管插管后机械通气;麻醉维持:两组均静脉注射维库溴铵1～1.2 mg/kg,每30分钟静脉注射芬太尼1～2 μg/kg和维库溴铵0.5 mg/kg,Ⅰ组吸入异氟醚1.3 MAC,P组靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度2.0～2.3μg/ml).于麻醉诱导前(T0)和气腹解除后5 min(T1)时抽取肘静脉血样4 ml,检测血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).于T0及术后24 h(T2)时抽取肘静脉血样2 ml,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和总胆红素(T-BIL)浓度.结果 与T0时比较,两组T1时血浆MDA浓度升高,SOD、GSH-PX活性和T-AOC降低,T2时血清ALT、AST、T-BIL水平升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,P组血浆MDA浓度降低,SOD、GSH-PX活性和T-AOC升高,血清ALT、AST和T-BIL水平降低(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度2.0～2.3μg/ml)可减轻CO2气腹诱发肝功能损害,有利于术后早期肝功能的恢复,其机制可能与减轻脂质过氧化反应有关.     

Perioperative blood glucose management in patients undergoing tumor hepatectomy

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether our institutional insulin management (modified Atlanta) protocol is efficient and safe in controlling blood glucose levels in the perioperative period in surgical patients undergoing tumor hepatectomy.DesignRetrospective study.SettingLarge community hospital.Patients20 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastasis, or other hepatobiliary tumors.Interventions and MeasurementsAll patients continuously received intravenous glucose (5% dextrose in water, one mL/kg/hr); insulin was administered according to a strict algorithm, and dose adjustments were based on measurements of whole-blood glucose intraoperatively at one-hour intervals, and in the intensive care unit (ICU). Lower and upper blood glucose limits were set at 85 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL, respectively, in the operating room (OR). In the ICU, lower and upper limits were 90 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL, respectively.Main ResultsIntraoperatively, 51.3% of measurements were within the target range. In the ICU, 75.2% of measurements showed a blood glucose level of 90 - 140 mg/dL. Two of 78 (2.6%) and two of 363 (0.5%) measurements had a blood glucose level < 70 mg/dL in the OR and ICU, respectively. The lowest blood glucose levels were 65 mg/dL (OR) and 66 mg/dL (ICU).ConclusionsThe modified Atlanta protocol is efficient and safe in controlling blood glucose levels in the perioperative period of hepatic tumor resection. Because of decreased insulin needs in the ICU, the use of a more liberal algorithm successfully reduced the risk of hypoglycemia.     

三甘氨酰基赖氨酸加压素对肝移植术病围术期肾功能的影响

目的 评价三甘氨酰基赖氨酸加压素对同种异体肝移植术病人围术期肾功能的影响.方法 择期静吸复合麻醉下行经典原位肝移植术的乙/丙肝后肝硬化病人40例,年龄35～55岁,未行静脉-静脉转流术,ASA Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,按术前肾功能正常与否分层随机分为2组(n=20):对照组和试验组.手术开始即刻静脉输注三甘氨酰基赖氨酸加压素(2 mg溶于50 ml生理盐水)10 ml/h,至新肝期前即刻,对照组以等容量生理盐水代替.测定麻醉前即刻(T0)、新肝期前即刻(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后1d(T3)和术后2 d(T4)尿N-乙酰β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)、血清β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)浓度,并记录各时段尿量.结果 与T0比较,2组T1时尿NAG和血清β2-MG升高(P＜0.01);与无肝前期比较,2组无肝期尿量减少,新肝期、术后1 d和术后2 d尿量增加(P＜0.01);与对照组比较,试验组尿NAG、血浆AT-Ⅱ、血清β2-MG、BUN和Cr浓度及速尿用量降低,尿量增多(P＜0.05),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肝移植术中静脉输注三甘氨酰基赖氨酸加压素对病人围术期肾功能有保护作用.     

三甘氨酰基赖氨酸加压素对肝移植术病人围术期肾功能的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of teriipressin on perioperative renal function in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods Forty ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients (31 males and 9 females) aged 35-55 yr and weighing 46-81 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 each): terlipressin group and control group. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 2- 3 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Swan-ganz catheter was placed via the right internal jugular vein and the radial artery was cannulated. Electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were monitored during general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.1-0.2 mg/kg), fentanyl (5-10 μg/kg), propofol(1-2 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and maintained with 0.5%-1.5% isoflurane, propofol infusion at 2-5 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In the terlipressin group, 2 mg of terlipressin was added to 50 ml of normal saline (NS) and was continuously infused at 10 ml/L from beginning of operation until the end of anhepatic phase, while in the control group, NS was infused only. Blood and urine samples were taken before operation(T0), at the end of anhepatic phase (T1), at the end of operation (T2), and on the 1st and 2nd day after operation (T3, T4)for determination of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AT- Ⅱ ), serum β2-microglobulin (MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations and N-acetyl-βd-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations in the urine. Urine output was measured during pre-anhepatic, anhepatic and neo-hepatic phase and on the 1 st and 2nd day after operation. Results The urinary NAG and serum β2-MG concentrations were significantly increased at T1 as compared with the baseline at T0 in both groups. The urinary NAG, plasma AT-Ⅱ, serum β2-MG, BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly lower and the urinary output was significantly higher during T2-4 in the terlipressin group than in the control group. Conclusion Terlipressin has protective effects on renal function in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.     

The effects of fenoldopam on renal function in patients undergoing elective aortic surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postoperative renal impairment is a recognized complication of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. Our hypothesis was that the renal vasodilating and natriuretic effects of fenoldopam mesylate, a selective dopamine (DA1) agonist, would preserve renal function in patients undergoing elective infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double blind controlled clinical trial was performed. Twenty-eight ASA II-III patients undergoing elective aortic surgery requiring infrarenal aortic cross-clamping were studied. According to random allocation, patients received either fenoldopam (0.1 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or placebo intravenously prior to surgical skin incision until release of the aortic clamp. Plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary output, fractional excretion of sodium, and free water clearance were measured: (a) prior to admission to hospital; (b) during the period from insertion of the urinary catheter until application of the aortic cross-clamp; (c) during the period of aortic cross-clamping; (d) 0-4 h, and (e) 4-8 h after release of the clamp and on days 1, 2, 3, and 5 postoperatively. RESULTS: Fenoldopam (0.1 microg kg(-1)min(-1)) administration was not associated with haemodynamic instability. On application of the aortic cross-clamp creatinine clearance decreased significantly in the placebo (83 +/- 20 to 42 +/- 29 mL min(-1) (mean +/- SD)) (P < 0.01) but not in the fenoldopam group, and this decrease persisted for at least 8 h after release of the cross-clamp (83 +/- 20 to 54 +/- 33 mL min(-1) (mean +/- SD)) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatinine concentration increased significantly from baseline on the first postoperative day in the placebo group (87 +/- 12 to 103 +/- 28 micromolL(-1) (mean +/- SD)) (P < 0.01) but not in the fenoldopam group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that fenoldopam possesses a renoprotective effect during and after infrarenal aortic cross-clamping.     

The effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor on liver function and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing hepatectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study

Background

The inhibition of inflammation exerts benefits following massive hepatectomy in animals but not in the clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of ulinastatin on liver function and outcomes following hepatectomy.

Methods

One hundred seventy-six patients undergoing hepatectomy were randomized into the treatment group (n = 86) and the control group (n = 90), receiving ulinastatin 150,000 U twice daily for 3 days and saline vehicle, respectively. Liver function, coagulation, thrombokinase, lymphocyte subsets CD4 and CD8, C-reactive protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines were measured. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated.

Results

Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transferase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor–α levels were significantly lower after ulinastatin treatment, and the response of bilirubin was delayed. The benefits of ulinastatin were shown mainly in major hepatectomy earlier after surgery. The treatment significantly reduced hospital length of stay and recovery-related cost.

Conclusions

Ulinastatin protects liver function and improves clinical outcomes, possibly via the inhibition of inflammation and oxidation at an earlier stage following major hepatectomy.