Altemeier手术治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂八例临床分析

目的探讨Altemeier手术治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂的临床疗效。方法直肠脱垂并嵌顿患者8例,均接受急诊Altemeier手术,其中4例附加回肠预防性造口手术。随访并观察8例患者的排便功能(每天排便次数、肛门失禁评分)和胃肠生活质量评分。结果术后吻合口出血1例,保守治疗成功。术后住院6~9天,平均住院时间为7天。远期并发吻合口狭窄1例,给予多次扩肛后完全缓解。随访2~58个月,无1例患者出现直肠脱垂复发,每天排便次数1~3次,肛门失禁评分由术前的6.3分降低至3.1分,胃肠生活质量评分由术前的103分上升至118.3分。结论Altemeier手术并发症少,疗效可靠,可作为治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂的首选术式。     

经肛门手术治疗直肠全层脱垂

目的：探讨经肛门入路手术方式治疗直肠全层脱垂的疗效。方法直肠全层脱垂38例,28例行经肛门直肠乙状结肠部分切除术（Altemeier术）;8例行经肛门吻合器直肠切除术（STARR术）;2例行改良经肛门吻合器直肠切除术（TST STARR Plus术）。结果切除直肠全层标本长度：Altemeier术8～30 cm,STARR术及TST STARR Plus术4～6 cm。术中并发症：STARR术及TST STARR Plus术各发生吻合器切割后钉合不全1例,给予3-0可吸收线缝合。术后近期并发症：无一例发生吻合口瘘,无一例术后严重早期并发症,2例Altemeier、1例STARR患者术后1周内出现吻合口出血,保守治疗成功。术后平均住院时间为6 d（5～8 d）。中位随访时间38个月（1～47个月）,每日排大便次数1～3次,1例患者行Altemeier术后12．5个月复发,1例Altemeier术后吻合口狭窄给予多次扩肛后完全缓解。随访期间所有患者术后性功能未受影响。结论 Altemeier术是治疗＞5 cm的直肠完全脱垂的可靠术式;STARR术和TST STARR Plus术可用于治疗长度＜5 cm的直肠完全脱垂,但STARR术特别是TST STARR Plus术的远期疗效尚需进一步研究证实。     

经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术治疗直肠脱垂的中短期疗效观察

目的分析经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术(Altemeier术)治疗直肠脱垂的中短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月～2017年9月在湖南省人民医院(湖南师范大学第一附属医院)肛肠外科行Altemeier术的15例直肠脱垂患者的临床和随访资料。结果 15例患者均顺利完成手术,一期出院,无一例围手术期死亡。手术时间为135(90～160) min,术中失血量为50(30～100) ml,手术切除肠管长度6～18 cm。术后住院时间为8. 3(7～16) d。其中5例急性嵌顿患者中2例手法复位成功后行择期手术,其余行急诊手术。1例(6. 7%)术后出现吻合口出血。术后随访6～39个月(平均16. 7个月),随访期内无复发。术后6月,Wexner便秘评分和Wexner失禁评分均较术前显著降低(P 0. 05)。结论 Altemeier术治疗直肠脱垂的安全有效,并发症少,短期复发率低。     

经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术治疗直肠脱垂20例

目的：探讨经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术（Altemeier术）治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年12月至2014年3月徐州市中心医院肛肠科和江苏省中医院肛肠科行Altemeier术治疗的20例直肠脱垂患者的临床资料。结果全组患者均顺利完成手术。术中失血量为30（20~40） ml,仅1例患者于术后第6天发生吻合口出血。随访11.3（3~30）月,均无脱垂复发。5例术前合并便秘患者术后Wexner便秘评分明显降低（P＜0.01）,症状改善。15例术前合并肛门失禁患者,7例术后Wexner肛门失禁评分明显降低（P＜0.01）,症状改善;余8例患者评分无变化,症状未改善。结论 Altemeier术是治疗直肠脱垂患者的有效术式。但其远期疗效还需要进行长期的、多中心大样本的研究。     

Delorme手术治疗25例直肠脱垂的疗效分析

目的探讨Delorifle手术在直肠脱垂治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2010年6月间4家医院收治的25例行Delorrne手术的完全性直肠脱垂患者的临床资料。结果25例患者中男性9例,女性16例．年龄46。72（平均52）岁。均顺利完成Delorme手术,无围手术期死亡病例。手术时间45～150（平均65）min,术中出血20～200（平均58）ml,住院时间5～14（平均8．5）d。术后7d,1例患者出现吻合口裂开出血,珠网膜下腔麻醉下再次止血缝合：术后发生轻微并发症8例次,1例顽固性疼痛．3例尿潴留,4例粪便嵌塞。随访时间2。6（平均3．5）年,期间复发1例。术后仍有粪便失禁、便秘和出血的比例分别为37．5％（6／16）、45．5％（5／11）和15．4％（2／11）,Wexner失禁评分明显降低（中位数5．0比9．0,P〈0．01）。肛门静息压和最大压榨压较术前明显增加．初始感觉容积和最大耐受容积较术前明显减少（均P〈0．01）。结论Delorme手术安全、易操作,术后肛门直肠功能明显改善,可考虑作为直肠脱垂的首选方法。     

经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术在成人完全性直肠脱垂治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效.方法 对11例接受经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗的成人完全性直肠脱垂（Ⅱ～Ⅲ度）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组11例患者手术顺利,手术时间1.8～2.6 h.术中出血50～300 ml.术后除1例患者出现尿潴留外,其余均未出现并发症.全组患者均一期愈合,平均住院时间14.5 d.术后经1～3年的随访,未出现直肠再次脱垂,肛门功能恢复良好,排粪通畅.结论 经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂操作简便、并发症少、复发率低,是一种安全有效的方法.     

改良Gant-Miwa联合肛门环缩手术治疗直肠脱垂31例临床分析

目的评估改良Gant-Miwa联合肛门环缩手术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2012年1月间在杭州市第三人民医院接受改良Gant-Miwa联合肛门环缩手术治疗的3l例成人直肠脱垂患者的临床资料。通过肛管直肠测压和Kirwan分级来评价术后肛门功能。结果31例患者手术顺利,手术时间50-165（平均75）min,术中失血量20-80（平均50）ml。术后直肠脱垂症状均消失,无大出血、肛周脓肿、肛瘘、腹腔感染及泌尿生殖功能障碍等并发症发生及围手术期死亡病例,7例出现尿潴留。术后便秘症状缓解率为61．5％（8／13）,排粪困难缓解率为69．6％（16／23）。术后2个月,28例患者接受肛管直肠测压,结果显示,直肠感觉阈值和直肠最大耐受量较术前明显降低．肛管静息压和肛管收缩压与术前相比无明显改变。术后6个月,30例患者进行肛门功能Kirwan评级,Ⅰ级22例,Ⅱ级8例。术后26例患者接受了平均2．5年的随访,2例直肠脱垂复发。结论改良Gant-Miwa联合肛门环缩术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂操作简便、创伤小、术后并发症少、复发率较低,对于年老体弱、合并基础疾病、一般情况欠佳以及不愿经腹手术的患者尤为适宜。     

腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效。方法对2010年5月至2013年5月期间笔者所在医院科室收治的32例成人完全性直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术,总结手术疗效。结果32例患者的手术过程均顺利,无一例中转开腹手术。平均手术时间为114．7min（95～167min）,平均术中出血量为80mL（55～150mL）,术后平均住院时间为9．8d（6～14d）,均全部治愈出院。术后32例患者获访3个月～4年（平均25．6个月）,均无脱垂症状,肛门功能恢复良好,无术后并发症及复发。结论腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效良好,具有创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点,是一种具有较高临床应用价值的术式。     

PPH结合血栓性外痔切除术治疗急性嵌顿性环状混合痔86例

为探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）结合血栓性外痔切除术治疗急性嵌顿性环状混合痔的可行性及临床价值,对急性嵌顿性环状混合痔86例采用PPH结合血栓性外痔切除术进行急诊手术,对治疗效果和并发症进行评价。结果显示,平均手术时间22min,留院观察或住院时间平均3．5d,术后所有患者痔核消失,95．5％的患者术后肛门疼痛明显减轻,89．2％的患者术后肛门部水肿消退,所有患者于术后4～6周创口愈合,无创口感染或肛周脓肿,随访2个月至7年,无肛门狭窄或肛门失禁。结果表明,PPH结合血栓性外痔切除术治疗急性嵌顿性环状混合痔安全、有效,能尽早减轻患者的痛苦且不增加术后创口感染的几率。     

经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗直肠脱垂

治疗直肠全层脱垂的手术方式多达100多种,主要分为经会阴入路和经腹入路。国外文献报道的手术疗效存在较大差异,地域因素和个人经验等在一定程度上混淆了各种手术的效果。经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除（Altemeier）术是20世纪50～60年代积极推广的治疗直肠脱垂的术式。自2010年9月至2013年3月,武汉大学中南医院结直肠肛门外科运用Altemeier术治疗直肠脱垂患者18例,疗效满意,现报道如下。     

Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier Procedure) as Treatment of Strangulated Rectal Prolapse

Incarceration of a rectal prolapse is an unusual entity that represents a surgical emergency. Even more rarely, it becomes strangulated, requiring emergency surgery. When surgery becomes inevitable, the choice of procedure varies. A 57-year-old man who presented with strangulated rectal prolapse is described. The patient underwent emergency perineal proctosigmoidectomy, the Altemeier operation, combined with diverting loop sigmoid colostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. After a 6-month follow-up, there was no recurrence, but the patient continued with fecal incontinence. This case underlines the importance of the Altemeier procedure as treatment in the patient with a strangulated prolapsed rectal segment.     

Long-term follow-up of the modified Delorme procedure for rectal prolapse

HYPOTHESIS: The modified Delorme operation is a safe, effective, and durable treatment for complete rectal prolapse. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of outcomes in adult patients undergoing the modified Delorme operation. SETTING: Community-based tertiary referral center with a 5-year general surgery residency program. PATIENTS: A total of 52 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse during the 26-year period ending December 2001. INTERVENTIONS: Modified Delorme operation.Main Outcomes Measured Method of anesthesia, morbidity, mortality, recurrence rates, length of follow-up, and incontinence. RESULTS: In the 52 patients, the mean length of prolapse was 8.2 cm. The mean operating time was 75 minutes. Forty-five patients were administered general anesthesia, 4 were administered spinal anesthesia, and 3 were administered local anesthesia. The mean postoperative stay was 4.9 days for 1975 through 2001 and 2.8 days for 1990 through 2001. No patients died as a result of the procedure. Patients were followed up for 61.4 months. Major medical comorbidities occurred in 40 patients. Preoperative incontinence was present in 12 patients, 10 of whom improved after the procedure, and postoperative incontinence in 8. The recurrent postoperative prolapse rate at 5 years was 6% (3/52) and the recurrent postoperative prolapse rate to the end of the study was 10% (5/52). Two patients (4%) had complications that required operative intervention in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Delorme operation is a safe and effective surgical treatment for complete rectal prolapse. The risk of recurrent prolapse is low, and the procedure may be safely performed in patients with significant medical comorbidities.     

Altemeier's procedure for rectal prolapse: analysis of long-term outcome in 60 patients

Aim Altemeier’s procedure (perineal rectosigmoidectomy) is the operation of choice for rectal prolapse in the elderly. The aims of this prospective observational study were to evaluate its long‐term actuarial recurrence risk and the influence of the length of rectosigmoid resection and associated levatorplasty on recurrence rate and continence. Method The perioperative and long‐term data for all patients undergoing Altemeier’s procedure since 1992 were analysed with regard to mortality, morbidity, continence, anorectal function and recurrence rate. Results Sixty patients [median age 77 years (35–98)] underwent rectosigmoid resection [median length of bowel 14 (6–60) cm] with associated levatorplasty in 21 (35%). Overall mortality and morbidity were 1.6 and 11.6%, respectively. Manometry showed increased anal sphincter basal pressure and maximal squeeze pressure. We observed a decrease in postoperative rectal compliance (P = 0.002). Age, gender, prolapse duration before surgery, levatorplasty and length of resection had no statistically significant relationship with recurrence. Continence improved in 62% and was stable over a median follow‐up of 48 (1–186) months. Continence was positively related to a short length of bowel resection, but not to decreased rectal compliance. Actuarial recurrence was 14% at 4 years. Conclusion The long‐term recurrence rate after the Altemeier procedure was low and not linked to resection length or to levatorplasty. Improvement in continence was stable over time.     

Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse with transanal resection according to Altemeier. Experience and results

In recent years the number of patients with partial or total rectal prolapse has increased. Numerous techniques and surgical approaches have been described for its treatment. In this study we examine the main ones and stress the advantages of the transanal-perineal resection technique according to Altemeier and modified by Prasad, which we have used to treat the condition in the last 15 years. From 1988 to 2002, 269 patients with "haemorrhoidal prolapse" were referred to our department; 146 were females (54%), and the mean age was 58 years. Clinical examination and proctosigmoidoscopy revealed the presence of total rectal prolapse in 41 patients (15%, 32 F, 9 M), complicated in 4 cases by moderate incontinence and associated in 3 cases with post-haemorrhoidectomy stenosis. These 41 patients underwent transanal resection according to Altemeier. Thirty-four of them (83%) were operated on under local anaesthesia with sedation, 5 patients (12%) under peridural anaesthesia and 2 patients (5%) under narcosis. The mean hospital stay was 5 days and depended on the time of the first spontaneous evacuation. Check-ups were performed after 7 days, 1 months and every 3 months for 1 year. There was no postoperative mortality, and only 1 case of postoperative haemorrhage, which did not require reoperation, in a patient with a previous myocardial infarct who spontaneously continued to take salicylates up to 24 h before surgery. Thirty-three patients (80%) had their first postoperative evacuation within 48 h of surgery after taking sorbitol orally in the evening, 6 patients (15%) within 72 h, and 2 patients (5%) on postoperative day 4. No evacuative enemas were performed. We observed clinical healing in all patients 1 month after the operation, and regular, spontaneous evacuations without the use of oral laxatives. Stool or gas incontinence were never observed or reported. During the follow-up, only in 2% of cases did we observe partial recurrence of the prolapse. The choice between the numerous surgical techniques for correcting rectal prolapse, depends on the state of the disease, on the patient's general condition and on the surgeon's experience with the various techniques. The perineal approach proposed by Altemeier and modified by Prasad presents a low risk of mortality and immediate complications, as confirmed by our experience, even in high risk patients, and relatively easy execution. It would appear, moreover, to be the only technique capable of correcting the preoperative incontinence sometimes present.     

A stapler modification of the altemeier procedure for rectal prolapse. Experimental and clinical evaluation

The Altemeier procedure remains one of the better alternatives in elderly patients with rectal prolapse too fragile to undergo an abdominal operation. The circular stapler was studied first in a dog model then in humans to ascertain whether it added anything to the previously well-described technique. A fixed rectal prolapse was created in dogs by means of a laparotomy. This was later repaired by a transanal technique using a stapler modification of the Altemeier procedure. The same perineal approach was then applied to two elderly female patients with complete rectal prolapse. It was found to improve the quality and ease of a difficult anastomosis. The stapler device allowed a higher colonic resection and may have improved the postoperative continence occurring in 50 per cent of the patients with this problem. The stapler anastomosis narrowed rapidly causing better retention of stool in the first several months after surgery. The two patients repaired in this manner have had no recurrences and are continent of solid stool 3 years after surgery.     

Delorme's operation: the first choice in complete rectal prolapse?

The Delorme operation has been used to treat 27 consecutive patients with complete rectal prolapse. The mean age in this group was 74 years and the average length of the prolapse was 12 cms. There was no postoperative mortality or morbidity. The follow-up ranges from 11 months to 64 months (mean 35 months) and so far there have been two recurrences. One of these has been successfully treated by a second Delorme operation. The second patient has declined further surgery. This low recurrence rate combined with the minor nature of the procedure suggests that the Delorme operation should be considered in all patients presenting with complete rectal prolapse.     

Stapled hemorrhoidopexy in the treatment of hemorroidal prolapse

In the treatment of hemorroidal prolapse, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, according to the Longo's technique, represents an innovative and interesting procedure. The Authors consider own experience in the years 2001-2002, estimating preliminary results in the treatment of 50 patients affected by hemorrhoidal disease classified as III-IV grade, associated with mucosal prolapse, rectocystocele in 5 cases, anal fissures in 6 and hyperplastic polyp in 1. The patients were submitted to mucosal prolapsectomy with mechanical stapler (PPH 01-33 Ethicon), applying haemostatic stitch on suture line, apart from intraoperative bleeding, associated to closed anal sphincterotomy in 6 cases, and resection of anal hyperplasic polyp in 1. In 5 cases of rectocystocele a Burch's culposuspension was associated to a stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR). After 3 and 12 months the Authors performed ano-rectoscopy, anal manometry and defecography. Mean operative time was 45 minutes (range 20'-130') and mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-6 days). In the early postoperative course urinary ritention in 4 cases, treated with temporary catheterization in 3 and permanent for 72 hours in 1, was observed. Only 1 patient, was reoperated in day-surgery and with loco-regional anesthesia for residual fibrous hemorroid. Bleeding, severe pain, anal stenosis, impairment of continence were not observed. According to the Literature data, our experience confirm that mucoprolapsectomy represents an innovative, safe, simple and definitive operation in the treatment of hemorrhoids disease. In case of rectal prolapse associated to external fibrous hemorroids, a combined surgical treatment is requested in order to achieve better results.