应用颊肌黏膜瓣修复腭部缺损

目的 探讨应用颊肌黏膜瓣修复腭部缺损的方法 及效果.方法 修复腭裂时,设计蒂在后的颊肌黏膜瓣,通过翼下颌缝黏膜下隧道修复软硬腭口腔面缺损;腭部肿瘤切除后缺损时,则将该瓣直接转移修复;修补腭裂术后瘘孔时,以蒂在前的颊肌黏膜瓣,通过齿槽裂隙缺损直接覆盖修复.切取最大颊肌黏膜岛状瓣6.0 cm×3.5 cm(成人),供区松解直接闭合.结果 临床应用14例,除1例腭裂术后护理不当软腭有部分复裂,1例远端表皮轻度糜烂外,余12例组织瓣均完全成活.结论 该瓣能Ⅰ期修复腭部肿瘤切除后缺损,功能形态良好,且术后可尽早接受放射治疗,提高了远期疗效;同时对宽大腭裂或腭裂术后并发较大腭前瘘孔,也是一种新的修复术式,且为牙槽嵴裂修复预留软组织床.     

颊脂垫瓣在口腔缺损修复中的应用

目的评价颊脂垫瓣在修复口腔黏膜缺损中的应用。方法1998年5月~2004年7月,收治42例各种原因致口腔缺损患者,其中男26例,女16例,年龄25~76岁。颊部鳞癌7例,颊部白斑5例,软腭部鳞癌7例,腭部腺样囊性癌8例,上颌窦癌6例,上颌齿槽突血管瘤5例,上颌骨角化囊肿4例。病程2个月~10年。缺损部位颊部12例,上颌骨切除导致颊部上分缺损6例,口腔上颌窦瘘17例,软腭部缺损7例。缺损范围3.0cm×3.0cm~6.5cm×4.0cm。均采用颊脂垫瓣修复缺损部位,切取的颊脂垫瓣为颊脂垫的颊突及部分体部。结果术后41例颊脂垫瓣与创面期愈合;1例因缺损大,瓣成形后较薄而期愈合。术后4周水肿消退逐渐上皮化,6周完全上皮化,颊部外观无明显影响。35例获随访3个月~5年,颊脂垫瓣修复区与附近正常黏膜的层次和颜色、弹性、光滑度、质地无明显差异,咀嚼摩擦和食物刺激无明显影响。2例磨牙后区缺损者有轻度张口受限,经过开口训练恢复张口度。结论颊脂垫瓣能较快而有效地修复直径6.5cm以下的黏膜缺损,取材方便,术后无明显的供区并发症,是修复颊部、软腭和牙槽等部位黏膜缺损的理想组织。其缺点为修复范围较局限。     

个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的临床应用

目的探讨个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的应用疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2006年5月~2013年9月我院手术治疗的31例口腔上颌窦瘘患者的临床资料。根据瘘孔的大小及边缘炎症情况、上颌窦内炎症程度选择不同的手术修复方法:对瘘孔直径7 mm的17例患者,采用双层组织瓣重叠修复:用龈粘骨膜瓣翻转缝合封闭瘘孔作为内层衬里,适度降低牙槽嵴后,用游离松解的颊、腭侧粘骨膜瓣覆盖于龈粘骨膜瓣上作为表层间断缝合。对瘘孔直径7~25 mm的9例患者,采用三层组织瓣重叠修复,即在双层组织瓣间夹用带血管蒂颊脂垫组织瓣。对瘘孔直径25 mm以上的5例患者,采用带血管蒂的全腭瓣或额瓣旋转覆盖瘘孔缝合修复。对患侧并发严重上颌窦炎的9例患者采用功能性鼻窦内窥镜术:经中鼻道上颌窦自然开口扩大开放、病灶清除引流术后再修复口腔上颌窦瘘孔。结果术后72 h去除口腔反包扎碘仿油纱后见切口边缘有白色假膜,术后第12 d拆除表层缝线切口无裂开。本组31例患者均获随访,时间1~6个月。采用双层组织瓣重叠修复法的1例小瘘孔患者复发,3个月后再手术行三层组织瓣重叠修复治愈;1例采用带血管蒂额瓣修复瘘孔的患者因皮瓣远端与软腭交界处缝合时有张力致术后缝线局部脱落,经碘仿砂条换药治愈;其余病例均一次性修复治愈。术中结合鼻窦内窥镜术的9例患者上颌窦炎均治愈。结论口腔上颌窦瘘的临床治疗应根据患者的不同病情选用相应的手术修复方法,可提高临床一次性治愈率。     

腭部黏膜下组织瓣在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的效果观察

目的评价腭部黏膜下组织瓣在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的效果。方法对12例口腔上颌窦瘘患者，采用腭部黏膜下组织瓣修复缺损。结果术后创口均愈合良好，黏膜下结缔组织瓣修复区及腭部供区黏膜颜色、光滑度及质地均恢复良好。结论腭部黏膜下组织瓣能有效地修复口腔上颌窦瘘，术后无明显供区并发症发生。     

颊脂垫瓣住口腔肿瘤切除后缺损修复中的应用

目的:研究带蒂颊脂垫修补口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的效果.方法:对15例口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的患者,采用颊脂垫瓣修复组织缺损并观察其疗效.结果:术后创口均甲级愈合,6～8周颊脂垫瓣完全上皮化,2月后上皮化粘膜类似正常口腔粘膜.结论:应用颊脂垫瓣修复口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损,其操作简单,创伤小,修复功能恢复好,值得临床推广应用.     

颊肌黏膜瓣在宽大红唇及口轮匝肌缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨修复大面积的红唇及口轮匝肌缺损的手术方法。方法设计以面动脉前颊支为血管蒂的颊肌黏膜瓣,用以修复上或下唇宽大的红唇及口轮匝肌缺损。结果共治疗7例,5例患者术后无任何并发症,2例患者颊肌黏膜瓣尖端黏膜坏死,未累及肌层,术后创面通过黏膜上皮化而愈合,无其他并发症发生。术后早期即可测到温度觉、触觉,肌电图和电镜显示瓣内肌肉有运动神经支配。结论应用颊肌黏膜瓣可以修复用常规方法难以解决的宽大红唇及口轮匝肌缺损,并且可获得良好的形态、感觉和功能。     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的 探讨颏下岛状瓣修复重建口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果,为临床应用提供经验.方法 以颏下动静脉为血管蒂,形成颏下岛状瓣,带蒂移位,修复由于肿瘤切除或外伤所致的口腔颌面部缺损,观察近期的临床效果.结果 12例颌面部缺损的患者,采用颏下岛状瓣最大面积为8.0 cm×4.0 cm,最小面积为4.0 cm×2.5 cm.随访3～12个月,皮瓣全部成活,供区瘢痕轻微,功能与外观满意.结论 颏下岛状瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中具有操作方便,成活率高等特点,是修复口腔颌面部缺损的一种理想的术式选择.     

颊脂垫瓣在口腔肿瘤切除后缺损修复中的应用

目的：研究带蒂颊脂垫修补口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的效果。方法：对15例口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的患者,采用颊脂垫瓣修复组织缺损并观察其疗效。结果：术后创口均甲级愈合,6～8周颊脂垫瓣完全上皮化,2月后上皮化粘膜类似正常口腔粘膜。结论：应用颊脂垫瓣修复口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损,其操作简单,创伤小,修复功能恢复好,值得临床推广应用。     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的探讨颏下岛状瓣修复重建口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果,为临床应用提供经验。方法以颏下动静脉为血管蒂,形成颏下岛状瓣,带蒂移位,修复由于肿瘤切除或外伤所致的口腔颌面部缺损,观察近期的临床效果。结果12例颌面部缺损的患者,采用颏下岛状瓣最大面积为8.0cm×4.0cm,最小面积为4.0cm×2.5cm。随访3～12个月,皮瓣全部成活,供区瘢痕轻微,功能与外观满意。结论颏下岛状瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中具有操作方便,成活率高等特点,是修复口腔颌面部缺损的一种理想的术式选择。     

无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣在修复口腔缺损中的应用

目的：介绍无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣用于口腔缺损修复的实践。方法：将颊脂垫瓣转移到相应的口腔缺损区,暴露的颊脂垫瓣表面无需植皮,可以自行上皮化。结果：共治疗口腔缺损病例13例,均获成功,颊脂垫瓣封闭效果好。结论：无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣作为局部区域性组织转移瓣,对口腔内颊部、软腭和牙槽等部位软组织缺损的修复尤为适宜,是一种口腔内软组织缺损理想的充填材料。     

Pedicled buccal fat pad flap for intraoral malignant defects: A series of 29 cases

A buccal fat pad (BFP) as a flap for reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity has been described for a variety of benign conditions. We describe the indications, advantages, and complications of the BFP flap and report our clinical experience with the flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal. From 2005 to 2008, we analyzed 29 patients in the age range of 32 to 82 years old who underwent a pedicled BFP flap reconstruction for oral defects after intraoral tumor removal. Postoperative wound healing and complications including any recurrence was followed-up prospectively. Most of the patients had an uneventful immediate postoperative period with signs of buccal fat pad epithelialization by the end of the first week and complete epithelialization at the end of the first month. On continued follow-up, a linear band of fibrous tissue under the epithelialized mucosa replaced the once reconstructed buccal fat pad. Three patients had varying degrees of hemorrhage: one of them had hematoma that healed with severe fibrosis and of the remaining two, one had a partial flap loss and one had a complete flap loss. Judicious use of buccal fat pad reconstruction offers a simple, convenient, and reliable way to reconstruct small to medium defects of the oral cavity with low morbidity, even in older patients who would not be able to tolerate time-consuming flap reconstruction procedures.     

Buccal fat pad - a simple, underutilised flap

The pedicled buccal fat pad is a reliable flap for the repair of small oral defects. It is durable, easy to harvest and should be considered in settings where access to free flaps is limited and in cases where previous flaps have failed. We discuss a case where this flap was used successfully for closure of an oro-antral fistula. The indications, anatomy and techniques of successful harvest are discussed.     

The buccal fat pad flap in oral reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique, indications, advantages, and possible complications of the buccal fat pad flap and to report our clinical experience with this flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal. METHODS: The flap has been used to reconstruct oral defects after tumor resection in 32 patients, who have been retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Adequate closure of the defect was achieved during surgery in all cases. In one case, there was partial loss of the flap; this was treated conservatively. In five cases there was some retraction in the reconstructed area. CONCLUSIONS: Buccal fat pad as a flap offers an adequate reconstructive option to be born in mind when reconstructing small to medium defects in the oral cavity. It is a simple and quick surgical technique with a low incidence of complications.     

Reconstruction of oral defects with the pedicled buccal fat pad flap

Pedicled buccal fat pad flaps were used to reconstruct defects produced by resection of tumors of the oral cavity in 21 patients. The indications included defects of the oral mucosa and defects after excision of a benign or malignant tumor, preferably smaller than 5 cm in diameter. The results were excellent, and there was no added morbidity. Only 1 delay failure and 1 complication were observed. The anatomy and surgical technique are described. The results suggest that these flaps are a direct, convenient, and reliable option for the reconstruction of small defects of the oral mucosa.     

预成钛网结合颊脂垫瓣和自体植骨修复上颌骨缺损

目的介绍一种以钛网支架结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣和自体植骨移植,行上颌骨缺损个体化三维重建的手术方法。方法自2001年5月迄今,对16例上颌骨因肿瘤及外伤后缺损者,分别以三维CT及快速原型技术预成实体模型,通过CAD/CAM将健侧上颌骨复制到患侧缺损部位,在模型上塑形精确钛网,结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣内衬钛网内侧,行自体植骨以重建上颌骨形态和功能。结果16例上颌骨缺损于修复术后6-36个月随访观察,创口均一期愈合,面部轮廓对称,进食时无食物从鼻腔返流。16例中8例钛网支架结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣移植并行自体植骨上颌骨缺损重建者,已行可摘局部义齿修复,能进普食,语言清晰,活动义齿修复功能良好。3例上颌骨功能性重建术后5-12个月经鼻咽内窥镜检查,发现钛网内衬有正常软组织覆盖。结论本手术方法使术后患者上颌骨外形和口腔功能得到改善,且将带蒂颊脂垫植入上颌窦黏膜与钛网之间,避免了移植物的暴露,血管化的颊脂垫不仅有助于自体骨与钛网支架较好的结合,同时能恢复部分上颌窦的正常生理功能。     

Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣在完全性腭裂修复中的应用

目的 探讨一种对上颌骨发育影响较小,且能有效降低腭瘘发生率的功能性腭裂修补术。方法 自2013年起,采用Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣修补38例腭裂患者。结果 所有患者均一期愈合,均无腭瘘发生。术后随访1~2年,患者语音清晰度满意。结论 Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣,可有效降低腭瘘的发生率,远期腭咽闭合良好,避免了裸露骨面对上颌骨生长发育的影响,是一种值得推荐的功能性腭裂修复术。     

The buccal fat pad in oral reconstruction.

We describe the indications, advantages, and complications of the buccal fat pad (BFP) flap and report our clinical experience with the flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumour removal. METHODS: From 1993 to 2002, a pedicled BFP flap was used to reconstruct oral defects after tumour removal in 15 patients, prospectively analysed. RESULTS: Adequate closure of the defect was achieved. In seven cases there was some retraction of the BFP. CONCLUSIONS: The BFP, as a flap, offers a good and simple option in the reconstruction of small to medium defects in the oral cavity, above all in older patients. The greatest disadvantage is that reduction in oral opening could occur, to an unpredictable degree.