大翅豬毛菜(Salsola ruthenica Iljin)的化学成分

从大翅猪毛菜中提出四种化学成分:(1)甜菜碱。(2)两种有机酸:琥珀酸及草酸。(3)由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸及氨基糖构成的多糖。从骸属植物中提得琥珀酸及多糖的报导尚未见诸文献。由提取成分中未能检出预期的(猪毛菜碱)及(猪毛菜定)等生物碱。     

肾性贫血患者铁剂疗效的临床对照研究

目的观察多糖铁、硫酸亚铁、琥珀酸亚铁治疗肾性贫血的疗效及不良反应。方法将我院血液透析贫血患者分为三组,给予多糖铁、硫酸亚铁、琥珀酸亚铁口服,观察各组临床疗效。结果 (1)治疗后Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT均较治疗前明显升高,多糖铁组和琥珀酸亚铁组Hb和Hct升高幅度高于硫酸亚铁组(P<0.05)。(2)治疗前后三组患者血清BUN、Scr、ALT、AST均无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论肾性贫血患者多糖铁是一种疗效明显且不良反应轻微的有效铁剂。     

猪毛菜中一新生物碱

研究猪毛菜中的生物碱。采用各种色谱技术进行分离，通过理化性质及波谱分析进行结构鉴定。从猪毛菜地上部分的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到4个酰胺类生物碱，其化学结构分别确定为N-反式阿魏酰基-3-甲基多巴胺(1)、3-［4-(β-D-吡喃葡糖氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基］-N-［2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基］-2-丙胺(2)，猪毛菜碱A(3)，猪毛菜碱B(4)。化合物4为一新化合物，命名为猪毛菜碱B，化合物2为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

基于医院卫生技术评估体系的4种口服铁剂的综合评价

目的：基于医院卫生技术评估(HB-HTA)体系,对硫酸亚铁片、乳酸亚铁胶囊、多糖铁复合物胶囊和琥珀酸亚铁片等4种口服铁剂的临床价值进行多维度综合评价,为医院药品目录动态调整、临床合理使用口服铁剂类药物等提供循证依据。方法：根据《中国医疗机构药品评价与遴选快速指南》并结合眉山市人民医院实际情况,制订百分制评分体系,从药品药学特性、有效性、安全性、经济性及其他属性共5个方面分别对硫酸亚铁片、乳酸亚铁胶囊、多糖铁复合物胶囊和琥珀酸亚铁片开展评价。结果：4种口服铁剂的评分在40～70分,其中硫酸亚铁片为57.5分,乳酸亚铁胶囊为43.5分,琥珀酸亚铁片为64.5分,多糖铁复合物胶囊为69.0分。结论：基于HB-HTA对4种口服铁剂进行多维度综合评价发现,与其他3种口服铁剂比较,乳酸亚铁胶囊在经济性、医保属性方面差距较大,可为医院遴选与合理使用口服铁剂提供参考。     

逍遥散方剂中水溶性多糖的研究

目的研究逍遥散方剂中活性成分--水溶性多糖.方法以Sephadex G-150凝胶柱分离粗多糖,凝胶过滤法测定相对分子质量,经红外扫描、酸水解、高碘酸氧化和Smith降解确定组成和初级结构.结果两种水溶性多糖:PXB-1相对分子质量为7.9×103,由葡萄糖(94.7%)和一未知成分(5.3%)组成,PXB-2相对分子质量为2.5×103,由葡萄糖(28.1%)、半乳糖(42.9%)、甘露糖(29.0%)组成.两者均为α(1→2)型糖苷键链接.结论PXB-1和PXB-2首次从逍遥散方剂中分得,并首次报道了其组成及初级结构.     

多糖铁复合物和琥珀酸亚铁治疗成年女性缺铁性贫血疗效及安全性差异

目的探讨多糖铁复合物和琥珀酸亚铁治疗成年女性缺铁性贫血疗效和安全性。方法40例≥18岁女性缺铁性贫血患者,采用随机数字表法分为A组和B组,各20例。A组采用多糖铁复合物治疗,B组采用琥珀酸亚铁治疗。比较两组患者疗效、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁蛋白(SF)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果A组患者治疗总有效率100.00%高于B组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1月后,两组患者Hb、SF水平均较治疗前升高,且A组升高大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者药物不良反应发生率10.00%低于B组的40.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多糖铁复合物治疗成年女性缺铁性贫血,相对琥珀酸亚铁具有更高疗效和安全性。     

猪毛菜中生物碱化学成分的研究

目的研究藜科(Chenopodiaceae)猪毛菜属植物猪毛菜Salsola collina Pall.中的化学成分。方法用硅胶柱色谱进行分离，通过理化方法及IR,MS,¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR,HMQC,HMBC,DEPT等光谱分析确定化合物结构。结果从猪毛菜中分离得到两个酰胺类生物碱，分别鉴定为N-反式阿魏酰基-3-甲基多巴胺(I)，(10bS)-1,2,3,5,6,10b-六氢吡咯并［2,1-a］-8,9 -二羟基异喹啉-3-酮(II)。结论化合物I为首次从该属植物中分离得到，化合物II为新化合物，命名为猪毛菜碱A。     

原料纯度对白及多糖疏水改性反应取代度的影响

目的 通过纯化反应原料之一胆甾醇琥珀酸酯(CHS),提高疏水改性白及多糖的胆甾醇基取代度。方法 利用重结晶法纯化CHS,并采用差示量热扫描法(DSC)及X射线衍射法(XRD)对CHS纯品进行表征;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定纯化前后产品中游离胆甾醇的含量;1 H-NMR法测定CHS纯化前后改性白及多糖的胆甾醇基取代度。结果 重结晶后的CHS纯度较高,具有晶体性质,可明显提高改性白及多糖的胆甾醇基取代度。结论 纯化方法简便、可行,为提高改性白及多糖胆甾醇基取代度提供研究基础。     

树舌多糖组分的高效液相色谱分析

目的:分析树舌多糖组分的重均相对分子质量(Mw)及其分布,分析树舌多糖的单糖组成.方法:采用高效凝胶液相色谱法、示差折光检测器测定多糖组分的重均相对分子质量;气相色谱法测定单糖组成.结果:树舌多糖由3种具有不同重均相对分子质量的多糖组分组成;树舌多糖中含有6种单糖.结论:高效液相凝胶色谱法可有效分析树舌多糖组分的质量控制.     

5种口服铁剂治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血有效性和安全性网状Meta分析

目的：对临床常用的5种口服铁剂治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血的有效性和安全性进行评价,为临床合理使用此类药物提供循证依据。方法：计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science等数据库中所收录的关于多糖铁复合物胶囊、琥珀酸亚铁缓释片、琥珀酸亚铁片、右旋糖酐铁口服溶液以及复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片治疗妊娠期贫血的随机对照试验。检索年限设为建库至2022年10月31日。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献,提取数据并采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具对纳入研究的文献进行质量评价,采用Revman5.3、Stata16.0进行网状Meta分析。结果：共纳入研究21项,涉及患者3 123例。网状Meta分析结果显示,在总有效率方面,琥珀酸亚铁缓释片>多糖铁复合物胶囊>复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片>右旋糖苷铁口服溶液>琥珀酸亚铁片;在治愈率方面,琥珀酸亚铁缓释片>多糖铁复合物胶囊>复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片>右旋糖苷铁口服溶液>琥珀酸亚铁片;在胃肠道反应发生率方面,琥珀酸亚铁...     

黄芪多糖的研究

从中药黄芪Aslragalus mongholicus Bunge.的水提液中分离得到两种葡聚糖AG-1、AG-2和两种杂多糖AH-1、AH-2。该四种多糖经电泳、凝胶柱层析等证实均为单一组分。AG-1为水溶性,经水解、过碘酸氧化、甲酸生成、Smith降解、乙酰解、红外、C-13核磁共振等确定为α(1→4)(1→6)葡聚糖、α(1→4)与口(1→6)甙键糖基的组成比例约为5:2。AG-2不溶于水,为α(1→4)葡聚糖。AH-1为水溶性酸性多糖,水解后纸层析检出含己糖醛酸(半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸)、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖,其分子比值为1:0.04:0.02:0.01。AH-2为水溶性、水解后用纸层析和气相层析检出葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖,其分子比值为1:0.15。AG-1、AH-1具有某些免疫促进作用。     

STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF AN IMMUNOENHANCING POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM MATURE PODS (FRUITS) OF MORINGA OLEIFERA (SAJINA)

An immunoenhancing polysaccharide isolated from the hot aqueous extract of mature pods of Moringa oleifera was found to contain only D-glucose as a monosaccharide constituent. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies (¹H and ¹³C) the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was assigned and indicated only α-(1→4) linked Glucan. This polysaccharide showed significant macrophage activity through the release of nitric oxide on MOUSE monocyte cell line (J744.1) and also enhanced the number of albumin/ globulin percentage, the phagocyte cells and respiratory burst cells in fish system.     

Anti-adhesive effect of an acidic polysaccharide from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger on the binding of Helicobacter pylori to the MKN-45 cell line

Objectives The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant Helicobacter pylori strains has necessitated a search for alternative therapies for the treatment of this infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not polysaccharide fractions from Aloe vera are effective in inhibiting the adherence of H. pylori in vitro. Methods Polysaccharide fractions were extracted from A. vera and subjected to carbohydrate analysis. The adhesive effect was determined by co‐incubation of H. pylori and cells with polysaccharides followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling and Gram staining in vitro. Inhibition of H. pylori growth and cellular viability was tested by agar diffusion and MTT assay. Key findings APS‐F2 contained significant amounts of galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. APS‐F1 was galacturonic acid‐free and consisted of mannose, glucose and galactose. APS‐F2 (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) reduced the count of H. pylori attached to MKN45 cells to 88, 76 and 64%, respectively. APS‐F1 did not show the same effect. Neither polysaccharide revealed an inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori or cell viability. In addition, APS‐F2 was shown to have a potent anti‐adhesive effect against Escherichia coli. Conclusions The results show that the acidic polysaccharide from A. vera has a potent anti‐adhesive effect against H. pylori in vitro. However, there have yet to be any in‐vivo studies to demonstrate the clinical relevance of this finding.     

丹参有效成分及丹参类制剂抗炎药理作用的研究进展

中药在治疗炎症方面具有疗效较好、毒副作用小等优点。综述丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza中的水溶性成分（丹酚酸A、丹参茎叶总酚酸、丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸、丹参素等）、脂溶性成分（丹参酮II_A、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮、甲基丹参酮等）、丹参多糖,丹参类注射液（丹参注射液、注射用丹参多酚酸、丹红注射液等）以及丹参其他类制剂（如丹参凝胶、丹参涂膜剂等）的抗炎药理作用研究进展,以期为丹参抗炎作用研究及丹参的临床应用提供参考。     

不同附主铁皮石斛鲜品多糖含量的差异

目的 以花盆基质栽培、水泥桩、竹片及4种不同活树附生栽培的铁皮石斛为试验材料,揭示不同附主对铁皮石斛质量的影响.方法 采用苯酚硫酸法测定其多糖含量.结果 附生在檀香、降香黄檀和马占相思上的铁皮石斛多糖含量较高,达5.0%以上,花盆次之为4.16%,附生在水泥桩和竹片上的含量相等,均为3.10%,龙眼树最低仅2.87%.结论 檀香、降香黄檀和马占相思等珍贵或速生阔叶树作附主材料能较大提高铁皮石斛的质量.     

A polysaccharide from the stems of Rubus amabilis Focke and its immunological enhancement activity

A water-soluble polysaccharide (named RAP) was newly isolated from the stems of Rubus amabilis. Structural confirmation of the polysaccharide was provided by hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation analysis, combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), capillary electrophoresis (CE), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). In vitro immunological enhancement activity was characterized using the proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galactocuronic acid in the molar ratio of 1.0:6.9:0.8:1.1:6.9:0.3:0.5:3.3, with the average molecular weight of 26.2 kDa. The linkage types of netural monosaccharides were as follows: the arabinose was →2) Ara (1→ and galactose were Gal (1→, →3) Gal (1→, →3,6) Gal (1→, →2,3,6) Gal (1→ and →2,3,6) Gal_f (1→. Xyl (1→, →6) Glc (1→, →2) Glc (1→, →3) Rha (1→, Rha (1→ and Man (1→ were also found in the structure. RAP-B-2 could improve the proliferative activity of spleen T cells and B cells and boost phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages at the concentration of 50 μg/ml (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).     

Design,development and optimization of oral colon targeted drug delivery system of azathioprine using biodegradable polymers

The present study was aimed at designing a microflora triggered colon targeted drug delivery system (MCDDS) based on swellable polysaccharide, Sterculia gum in combination with biodegradable polymers with a view to specifically deliver azathioprine in the colonic region for the treatment of IBD with reduced systemic toxicity. The microflora degradation properties of Sterculia gum was investigated in rat caecal phosphate buffer medium. The polysaccharide tablet cores were coated to different film thicknesses with blends of Eudragit RLPO and chitosan and overcoated with Eudragit L00 to provide acid and intestinal resistance. Swelling and drug release studies were carried out in simulated gastric fluid, SGF (pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid, SIF (pH 6.8) and simulated colonic fluid, SCF (pH 7.4 under anaerobic environment), respectively. Drug release study in SCF revealed that swelling force of the Sterculia gum could concurrently drive the drug out of the polysaccharide core due to the rupture of the chitosan/Eudargit coating in microflora activated environment. The degradation of chitosan was the rate-limiting factor for drug release in the colon. Drug release from the MCDDS was directly proportional to the concentration of the pore former (chitosan), but inversely related to the Eudragit RLPO coating thickness.     

山茱萸多糖通过上调Klotho表达和抑制PI3K/AKT通路对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的探究山茱萸多糖通过上调Klotho表达和抑制PI3K/AKT通路对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法分别以6.25、12.5、25 mg/mL山茱萸多糖作用于人肝癌细胞株HepG2,CCK8法检测细胞增殖能力,采用Hoechst 33258荧光染色以及流式AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率;通过免疫印迹法检测增殖相关蛋白Ki67、凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3以及PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白水平,并检测Klotho蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,6.25、12.5、25 mg/mL山茱萸多糖组HepG2细胞克隆形成数显著下降(P0.05),且随山茱萸多糖浓度升高克隆形成数显著下降;与对照组相比,6.25、12.5、25mg/mL山茱萸多糖组HepG2细胞凋亡率显著升高(P0.05),且随山茱萸多糖浓度升高细胞凋亡率逐渐升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,6.25、12.5、25mg/mL山茱萸多糖组HepG2细胞中Bax、cleaved-caspase-3、Klotho蛋白表达升高(P0.05),Ki67、Bcl-2、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达下降(P0.05),且呈剂量相关性。结论山茱萸多糖可能通过上调Klotho表达抑制PI3K/AKT通路活化,抑制HepG2细胞增殖,促进HepG2细胞凋亡。     

胆甾醇琥珀酰基白芨多糖的制备及其理化性质研究

目的 对白芨多糖疏水改性,并测其分子量和研究其理化性质。方法 以白芨多糖为原料,合成胆甾醇琥珀酰基-白芨多糖;用红外光谱对结构进行表征;用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测分子量。结果 合成了胆甾醇琥珀酰基白芨多糖;分子量为650 kDa;其理化性质:pH 6.89;黏度130 mPa·s;等电点 5.07;溶解度 0.9 g。结论 合成方法可行,得率稳定,为进一步扩大试验提供了研究基础。