某地区金矿作业人员职业病调查及预防措施的研究

目的了解丹东地区金矿作业人员肺尘埃沉着病患病情况及流行病学特征,同时分析不良有害因素与肺尘埃沉着病的关系。方法收集丹东地区某金矿260人接尘工人的健康体检资料,并进行统计学分析。结果本次体检260人,检出肺尘埃沉着病患者60人,肺尘埃沉着病检出率为23.08%(60/260)。井下作业工人肺尘埃沉着病检出率为26.06%(37/142);井上作业工人肺尘埃沉着病检出率为19.49%(23/118);经χ2检验,井下作业工人肺尘埃沉着病患病率明显高于井上作业工人,P <0.05。肺尘埃沉着病患者接尘时间主要集中在1971年～1990年,占90.00%。结论接尘种类、接尘时间与接尘工人的发病密切相关,井下工人肺尘埃沉着病患病率明显高于井上工人。在今后的工作中应加强粉尘、噪声、砷化氢、氰化物等职业病高危因素的改进,从而预防职业病的发生。     

老年性消化性溃疡的特征与治疗

目的探讨老年性消化性溃疡的临床特点。方法回顾性分析60例老年性消化性溃疡的临床资料。结果老年性消化性溃疡诱发因素中，不良生活习惯占33．3％，服用非甾体类抗炎药物占30％；发病部位胃溃疡占45％，十二指肠球部溃疡占38．3％；并发症上消化道出血占43．3％。结论除幽门螺杆菌感染外，不良生活习惯和服用非甾体类抗炎药物是老年性消化性溃疡的常见诱发因素；老年人胃溃疡的患病率较高，临床表现不典型，并发症以出血多见，合并症多且严重，死亡率较高。     

江西省丰城矿区健康体检者代谢综合征患病率调查

目的：了解江西省丰城矿区健康体检者代谢综合征的患病率。方法按照2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会制定的诊断标准,对收集到的21441名健康检查人员进行横断面研究。结果代谢综合征患病率为10.1%,男性患病率10.8%,女性8.8%;代谢综合征患病率与职业相关,井下工人5.8%,地面工人7.2%,机关工作人员10.1%,家务人员14.0%。结论丰城矿区代谢综合征患病率高,且男性高于女性,家务人员高于机关工作人员,地面工人高于井下工人。     

舟山市普陀区桃花镇社区高血压病发病趋势分析

目的调查所辖社区村镇居民高血压病患病情况,以制定有效的干预措施。方法由经过培训的社区医生入户调查了解居民的一般情况、高血压病危险因素,进行体格检查,将调查结果进行分析。结果本社区居民高血压病患病率逐年上升,从2001年平均21.0%上升至2011年34.3%;随着年龄的增长高血压病患病率呈增高趋势;高血压病患者多有吸烟、酗酒、家族史、久坐等不良生活习惯史。结论高血压病患病率逐年上升且趋于年轻化。对高危人群进行高血压病知识普及教育,控制危险因素是预防和控制高血压病发生与发展的重要手段。     

辽宁省城市居民高血压患病现状调查及影响因素分析

目的了解辽宁省城市居民高血压的流行病学特征和相关危险因素,为辽宁省城市居民高血压的防治和干预提供科学依据。方法按地理经济水平随机抽取辽宁省沈阳、鞍山和锦州3个城市,采用分层随机抽样对11个行政区≥18岁的28 167名城区常驻(≥5年)居民进行调查。由培训过的医师对调查对象进行血压测量和资料收集。结果辽宁省城市居民高血压患病率为29.91%,标化率为27.72%;男性为34.21%(标化率为32.96%),女性为26.59%(标化率为23.65%),性别间差异有统计学意义。随着年龄的增高,高血压患病率呈明显的增高趋势。Logistic逐步回归显示年龄、性别、超重、肥胖、腰臀比值、吸烟、嗜酒、家族史、饮食不良等因素是高血压患病的危险因素。并且随着吸烟和嗜酒量、吸烟和嗜酒年限的增高,高血压患病的危险性也呈相应的增高趋势。规律饮酒每天1次可降低居民患病的危险性(OR=0.87;95%CI:0.78～0.98),且高文化与高家庭收入居民高血压患病率较低。结论辽宁省城市居民高血压患病率较高,且居民的不良生活习惯是其主要的危险因素。     

煤矿作业人员816例心电图结果分析

煤矿的井下作业环境有较强的特殊性。存在着煤尘、噪声、瓦斯、高湿等多种严重职业病危害因素。长期处于这种不良环境中,从事高强度、重体力工作,对健康将产生不同程度的影响。为了解煤矿井下环境对作业工人的心血管系统功能影响情况,我们对本地某煤矿816名井下作业工人2009年职业健康检查中的心电图检查结果进行了分析,结果报告如下：     

某地区麻风病人群高血压患病率的调查研究及综合干预

目的了解枣庄地区麻风病人群高血压患病率及其影响因素,给于综合干预并效果评价,为进一步探讨该人群的高血压病防治提供依据。方法通过健康查体筛查枣庄地区543例麻风病人的高血压患病率并,分析影响因素。对高血压患者分组,对干预组综合干预,分析干预效果。结果高血压患病率为25.23%,以2级高血压为主16.39%,与患病主要相关的因素是性别,年龄,生活习惯,家族史,超重。结论枣庄地区麻风病人群高血压患病率较高,病因为多因素;对该群体进行综合干预,降低目标人群的血压值和高血压的发病率。     

平顶山市煤矿工人高血压流行病学调查

目的 了解煤矿工人高血压的患病率及影响血压升高的危险因素,为今后矿区开展高血压防治提供重要科学依据.方法 使用1991年高血压抽调调查方法,依据1999年WHO/ISH诊断高血压的标准,进行问卷调查资料收集统计.结果 整群随机抽调调查煤矿工人2 664人,人群高血压总患病率为27.3%,在正常血压人群中各种危险因素的检出率均明显低于高血压人群中各种危险因素的检出率.高血压患病危险与年龄,体重指数,腰围,早发心血管疾病家族史呈正相关.本次调查中高血压知晓率为41.1%,治疗率为20.9%,控制率为8.4%,显示较以前有较大提高,但绝对控制率仍然较低.结论 煤矿工人高血压患病率增加可能与经济发展后不良生活方式有关,提示除需积极开展高血压人群管理和治疗以外,更应注重高血压的一级预防.     

社区45岁及以上糖尿病高危人群的筛查研究

目的：研究45岁以上糖尿病高危人群的筛查在早期发现糖尿病的效果,分析糖尿病高危人群转化的不良因素。方法对社区45岁以上糖尿病高危人群进行筛查研究。结果社区45岁以上糖尿病高危人群中糖尿病患病率为17.65%,葡萄糖调节异常（IGR）人群占32.57%。糖尿病患病率随着年龄的增长而不断升高,研究对象饮食中含有足够的水果和蔬菜等时,其糖尿病患病率和葡萄糖调节异常率显著降低。结论对糖尿病高危人群应该进行充分的健康教育,改变其不良的生活习惯,降低葡萄糖调节异常和糖尿病的发生。     

非甾体抗炎药内镜下不同人群表现及与Hp关系

目的探讨非甾体抗炎药内镜下不同人群表现及与Hp关系。方法随机抽取我院在2012年1月到2013年6月期间收治的40例消化性溃疡患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,另与彻底根除幽门螺杆菌的38例患者进行对照分析,针对患者非甾体抗炎药内镜下表现及与幽门螺杆菌关系进行系统分析。结果非甾体抗炎药内镜下不同人群表现众多不良反应。结论通过对非甾体抗炎药内镜下不同人群表现的观察,加强对非甾体抗炎药的再认识,充分了解非甾体抗炎药的作用和不良反应,有利于对非甾体抗炎药利用的综合评价以及安全性分析。     

Epidemiology of chronic atrophic gastritis: population-based study among 9444 older adults from Germany

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chronic atrophic gastritis from general population samples are sparse in Germany. AIM: To assess prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis according to potential risk factors and clinical outcomes in a large-scale population-based study. METHODS: In the baseline examination of ESTHER, a population-based cohort study conducted in Germany, serological measurements of pepsinogen (PG) I and II and Helicobacter pylori antibodies were taken in 9444 women and men aged 50-74 years. Information on potential risk factors and medical history were obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS: With the definition used in the EUROGAST study (PG I < 25 ng/mL), prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis increased from 4.8% in age group 50-54 to 8.7% in age group 70-74. An alternative definition of chronic atrophic gastritis (PG I < 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II < 3), used in multiple studies from Japan, revealed a greater increase with age (from 2.7% to 9.1%) and a strong association with H. pylori infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.4-3.7). With both definitions, a strong inverse association with heartburn was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Overall chronic atrophic gastritis prevalence is low among older adults in Germany, but it strongly increases with age and H. pylori infection.     

Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer in an area of former coal,iron, and steel industries in Germany. Part 1: Results from a study performed in the 1980s

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer is the most frequent occurring malignancy in men in many Western countries. Unfortunately, only a few studies on occupational risk factors have been published. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible occupational risk factors in a former center of coal, iron, and steel industries the greater Dortmund area, located in the western part of Germany. In three local departments of urology, a total of 238 prostate cancer cases and 414 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia as controls were requested to provide information for all jobs ever performed for 6 mo or longer. Jobs performed less than 10 yr prior to diagnosis were excluded from the analysis due to the latency of prostate cancer. In addition, data on smoking habits and age were obtained. Analysis of data was performed by means of logistic regression. Hard coal miners and, based on fewer cases, painters, stratified by age, showed a significantly elevated prostate cancer risk. Smoking history did not influence prostate cancer risk. The causes of the observed increased prostate cancer risk in hard coal miners cannot be explained by merely the risk factor “male sexual hormones.” In former decades, underground hard coal miners were exposed to high concentrations of dust and different xenobiotics such as hydraulic oils. Surprisingly, in a study performed about a decade later in the same area, prostate cancer risk in underground hard coal miners was found to be reduced. However, exposure to colorants was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk.     

胃充盈B超检查对60例慢性胃炎、胃溃疡的诊断分析

目的:探讨胃充盈B超诊断慢性胃炎、胃溃疡的价值.方法:对1 654例有消化道症状的患者作胃充盈B超检查,将其中经胃镜和病理活检证实的60例慢性胃炎、胃溃疡的超声检查结果与胃镜及病理结果进行对照分析.结果:超声对慢性浅表性胃炎检出率为92.86%,与病理诊断符合率为92.86%;慢性萎缩性胃炎检出率为83.33%,与病理诊断符合率为83.33%;胃溃疡检出率为78.95%,与病理诊断符合率为78.95%.结论:胃充盈B超对慢性胃炎、胃溃疡具有较准确的诊断价值,能为临床诊断提供重要的依据.     

广州市快速城市化农村地区慢性非传染性疾病现况调查

目的了解广州市快速城市化农村地区慢性病流行情况、危险因素及死亡率。方法分阶段分层整群随机抽样调查,抽取荔城地区800户居民,抽取比例为1.22%（800/65 763）,统计不同年龄组、性别人群慢性非传染性疾病（慢非病）患病率。结果共调查居民1680例,男性804例（47.9%）,女性876例（52.1%）。慢非病患病率为24.3%,前4种疾病分别为高血压、糖尿病、胃炎、冠心病,构成比为51.6%;〉15岁人群高血压患病率为13.61%（229/1680）;超重肥胖率为31.0%（521/1680）。高血压的危险因素为年龄、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、饮酒、腰围、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白。首位死因为心脏病,其次为脑血管病。结论高血压、糖尿病及心脑血管疾病等正成为本市慢非病领域重要的公共卫生问题,其中心脑血管病死亡率较高,应重点综合防治。     

Urinary cadmium levels in active and retired coal miners

ABSTRACT

A meta-analysis, based upon 24 publications, showed a significantly elevated risk for urinary bladder cancer amongst miners. In European underground hard coal mining areas, an increased risk for urinary bladder cancer development was noted among hard coal miners, in particular in three investigations in the greater Dortmund area. However, the cause remains unclear. As cadmium (Cd), which was reported to be a bladder carcinogen in humans and is a constituent of coal, the aim of this study was to determine urinary Cd levels in active and retired hard coal miners and assess whether hard coal miners demonstrated elevated metal levels. In total, 103 retired and 25 active hard coal miners as well as 18 controls without any history of hard coal mining were investigated for urinary Cd levels. Urinary Cd concentrations, in addition to other elements, were analyzed in spot urines by ICP-MS-based multi-element analysis in a Department for Forensic and Clinical Toxicology. Limit of detection (LOD) for Cd was 0.5 μg/L. Reference value for occupationally non-exposed working age population was 0.8 μg/L. In total, 49% of all underground coal miners were exposed to coal dust, 12% to grinded rock, and 39% to both. Urinary Cd levels in retired as well as active coal miners and controls were clearly below the Biological Exposure Index. Urinary Cd concentration is a suitable biomarker to evaluate the metallic load of the body, as the half-life is > than 10 years. The detected urinary Cd levels in retired and active coal miners indicated underground hard coal miners were not apparently exposed to Cd to a occupationally-relevant concentration.     

Body mass index,chronic atrophic gastritis and heartburn: a population‐based study among 8936 older adults from Germany

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 296–302

Summary

Background Obesity and overweight have been positively related to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It has been suggested that this relationship is as a consequence of an increased gastric acid reflux, which is caused by an enhanced intra‐abdominal pressure. Aim To assess potential interaction of the association between body mass index (BMI) and GERD by chronic atrophic gastritis, which goes along with decreased acid production. Methods In the baseline examination of ESTHER, a study conducted in 9953 older adults in Saarland, information on frequency of heartburn, potential risk factors and medical history was obtained by self‐administered standardized questionnaire. Serological measurements of pepsinogen I and II were taken for definition of chronic atrophic gastritis. Results In total, 2565 (28.7%) of the included subjects experienced heartburn within the previous 4 weeks. A pronounced dose‐response relationship was observed between BMI and heartburn occurrence (P < 0.001) among people without chronic atrophic gastritis, but not among people with chronic atrophic gastritis (P‐value for interaction = 0.018). Obese/overweight people with chronic atrophic gastritis had a much lower risk of heartburn compared with obese/overweight people without chronic atrophic gastritis (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.24–0.40). Conclusion Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that BMI is related positively to GERD symptoms by its impact on acid reflux.     

Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer in an area of former coal,iron, and steel industries in Germany. Part 2: results from a study performed in the 1990s

ABSTRACT

Currently, there is no established occupational risk factor for prostate cancer. However, in the 1980s, a hospital-based case-control study in the greater Dortmund area showed an elevated risk for hard coal miners and, based on few cases, for painters and varnishers. Therefore, approximately 10 yr later, a similar study regarding prostate cancer was performed in this area. In total, 292 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and 313 controls who underwent transurethral resection of a benign prostatic hyperplasia were investigated by questionnaire. All of them were operated on between 1995 and 1999. This study showed a decreased risk for prostate cancer in hard coal miners (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44–1.03). Occupational exposures related to an elevated risk for prostate cancer were exposures to combustion products (20% cases vs. 11% controls), colorants and dyes (19 vs. 13%), and cutting fluids (8 vs. 6%). The different prostate cancer risks for underground coal miners in two studies with a time interval of approximately 10 yr are striking. Factors to be discussed are the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer and investigation of cases that underwent radical prostatectomy, where the disease in general is locally confined. Working conditions in the local underground coal mines improved over time but did not change markedly in the period of interest. In essence, the present study does not corroborate an elevated prostate cancer risk in former underground hard coal miners from the greater Dortmund area.     

影响士兵慢性前列腺炎发病的精神心理因素

目的研究精神心理因素对部队士兵中前列腺炎样症状发病的影响。方法应用前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)和自行设计的前列腺炎相关因素问卷对某部2500名士兵进行调查,从不同兵种、不同军龄的现役士兵选择有前列腺炎样症状者100名,按1∶1的比例确立对照组,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别对前列腺炎样症状者和对照组的心理状况进行测评分析,研究有前列腺炎样症状者的精神心理特征。结果对100名前列腺炎样症状者的精神心理特征调查显示有前列腺炎样症状者与正常人群有差别,主要表现在躯体化、焦虑、忧郁、偏执、精神病性等方面。结论①相关因素调查表明生活训练中经常感巨大压力可能是慢性前列腺炎样症状发生的危险因素;②有前列腺炎样症状的士兵存在精神心理方面的异常,主要表现在躯体化、焦虑、忧郁、偏执、精神病性等方面。     

Quantitative assessment of elemental carbon in the lungs of never smokers, cigarette smokers, and coal miners

Inhalation exposure to particulates such as cigarette smoke and coal dust is known to contribute to the development of chronic lung disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of elemental carbon (EC) deposits from autopsied lung samples from cigarette smokers, miners, and control subjects and explore the relationship between EC level, exposure history, and the extent of chronic lung disease. The samples comprised three subgroups representing never smokers (8), chronic cigarette smokers (26), and coal miners (6). Following the dissolution of lung tissue, the extracted EC residue was quantified using a thermal-optical transmission (TOT) carbon analyzer. Mean EC levels in the lungs of the control group were 56.68 ± 24.86 (SD) μg/g dry lung weight. Respective mean EC values in lung samples from the smokers and coal miners were 449.56 ± 320.3 μg/g and 6678.2 ± 6162 μg/g. These values were significantly higher than those obtained from the never-smoker group. EC levels in the lung and pack-years of cigarette smoking correlated significantly, as did EC levels and the severity of small airway disease. This study provides one of the first quantitative assessments of EC in human lungs from populations at high relative risk for the development of chronic lung disease.     

Preliminary results in the clinical,epidemiological and parasitological study of Bancrofti filariasis in Madagascar

In 1958, a large study on the distribution of Bancroft filariasis was set up in Madagascar. In order to update these data, the authors have studied in the same areas the parasitological and clinical prevalence of Bancroft filariasis. Here are the preliminary results of this study, concerning 1862 people, aged 10 years and more. The mean prevalence rate of microfilaria-carriers was of 22.9%, and the average parasitic density was of 3.6 parasits/20 microliters of blood. The prevalence rate of chronic clinical symptoms was of 14.7% for men (elephantiasis, hydroceles, chyluria) and of 2% for women (elephantiasis). These were usually mild symptoms, which very little impact on way of life.