乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植受者长期存活的影响

对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性与丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性的肾移植患者慢性肝脏疾病的发病情况进行研究，以探讨肝炎病毒感染对肾移植患者的患乾。结果表明，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性或ＨＣＶ抗体阳性患者慢性直脏疾病的发病率明显高于阴性患者，但其对人／肾１年存活率的影响不显著；     

血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物不同表现模式及肝功能异常对肾移植受者存活率的影响

目的　探讨血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物不同表现模式对肾移植受者长期存活的影响。方法　对 62例血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性者及 1 96例血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物全阴性者肾移植术后的肝功能、人肾均存活的存活率等指标进行随访和回顾性分析。结果　术后早期血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性组与血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阴性组比较 ,肝功能异常发生率的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;术后中远期 ,HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性者的肝功能受损率明显高于血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阴性组及HBsAg、抗 HBe、抗 HBc阳性者 (P <0 .0 5) ,其人肾均存活的存活率也最低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　对HBsAg、抗 HBe及抗 HBc阳性者进行肾移植应慎重 ,而HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性者则不适宜接受肾移植     

丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植受者排斥反应及人/肾存活率的影响

目的 研究丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染是否影响移植肾急性和慢性排斥反应的发生率,以及受者和移植肾的存活率.方法 对1992年6月至2004年6月所行肾移植的495例受者进行了随访,其中术前HCV抗体阳性受者27例(HCV阳性组),随机抽取HCV抗体阴性受者27例作为对照组,行组间配对研究,分析HCV感染状态对肾移植受者急性和慢性排斥反应发生率以及人/肾存活率的影响.结果 HCV阳性组受者急性排斥反应的发生率显著高于对照组(19.14%和6.38%,P<0.01),HCV阳性组慢性排斥反应的发生率也明显高于对照组(23.40%和12.76%,P<0.01),对照组肾移植后1、3、5年人/肾存活率显著高于HCV阳性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 HCV感染可以明显增加肾移植受者急性和慢性排斥反应的发生率,降低人/肾存活率.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染与肾移植

乙型肝炎病毒感染是增加肾移植后致病致死率的重要因素之一,对存在乙型肝炎病毒感染的终末期肾病患者是否进行肾移植尚有争议.本文就乙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植的影响以及相关对策进行综述,并初步探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性终末期肾病患者的移植指征.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染与肾移植

乙型肝炎病毒感染是增加肾移植后致病致死率的重要因素之一,对存在乙型肝炎病毒感染的终末期肾病患者是否进行肾移植尚有争议.本文就乙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植的影响以及相关对策进行综述,并初步探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性终末期肾病患者的移植指征.     

血液透析患者乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清学调查

目的 :了解血透患者乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒感染的情况。方法 :用第二代酶联免疫法 (ELISA)及聚合酶链反应法 ,(PCR)分别检测丙型肝炎抗体 (抗 -HCV)和HCVRNA ,以ELISA法检测乙型肝炎病毒标志物 (HB VM )。结果 :抗 -HCV阳性率为 4 5 .1% ,HCVRNA阳性率为 6 4 % ,总阳性率为 6 7.6 % ;HBVM阳性率为 5 5 .6 %。结论 :乙型和丙型肝炎病毒在血透患者中感染率较高。筛查献血员及血制品对预防丙型及乙型肝炎传播十分重要。     

肾移植丙型肝炎病毒感染患者治疗进展

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染可引起肾小球肾炎(GN)及膜性肾小球肾炎(MPGN)等慢性肾病.接受透析或肾移植的终末期肾病(ESRD)患者HCV感染率高,且多为无症状性,感染的自然史及致病机制尚未完全阐明.HCV可经由器官移植传播,一直是肾移植的排除标准之一.近年来,一些器官移植组织开始考虑将抗-HCV阳性供体的器官移植给抗-HCV阳性的ESRD患者,以期一定程度上缓解供体的匮乏[1],但移植后HCV复发仍是需要深入研究的问题.目前抗HCV药物种类仍相对有限,除经典的干扰素(IFN)联合利巴韦林(RBV)外,新式药物如蛋白酶抑制剂多还处于临床试验阶段,尚无针对特殊肾病患者的临床研究.目前认为,HCV感染的ESRD患者移植前抗病毒治疗是十分必要及有效的[2],由于患者移植后须长期使用的免疫抑制药物可加重抗病毒药物的不良反应,移植后抗病毒治疗的必要性及策略尚存在争议.     

乙,丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植患者长存活的影响

目的 了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）及丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植患者长期存活的影响。方法 对８０例感染ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ者肾移植术后肝病及排斥的发生情况、死亡原因及长期存活率进行分析。结果 移植后慢性肝病发生率为２１．２５％，死亡率为１８．７５％，显著高于非感染组（１．１９％，Ｐ〈０．０１）；ＨＣＶ组超急性排斥及加速性排斥的发生率（６．０６％，９．０９％）显著高于非感染组（０．７２％，２．７４％；Ｐ〈０．０     

乙、丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植患者长期存活的影响

目的　了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 及丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 感染对肾移植患者长期存活的影响。方法　对８０ 例感染ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ 者肾移植术后肝病及排斥的发生情况、死亡原因及长期存活率进行分析。结果　移植后慢性肝病发生率为２１ ．２５％ , 死亡率为１８ ．７５ ％ , 显著高于非感染组（１ ．１９ ％ , Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ;ＨＣＶ 组超急性排斥及加速性排斥的发生率（６ ．０６％ ,９ ．０９ ％ ） 显著高于非感染组（０ ．７２ ％ ,２ ．７４ ％ ; Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ , Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５）。结论　ＨＢＶ及ＨＣＶ感染显著影响肾移植受者的长期存活率; 移植后肝病及感染是其主要死因; 对ＨＢＶ 及ＨＣＶ 感染患者应采取合理的免疫抑制治疗。     

The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on liver disease in renal transplant recipients

Abstract To assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in renal transplant recipients and its impact on posttransplant liver disease, the sera from 176 recipients who had been followed for 1–20 years (mean 8.3 years) were tested for HCV-pecific antibody using enzyme immunoassay. HCV-pecific antibody was detected in 53 patients (30.1%) including 2 patients also positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Among 167 HBsAg-negative patients, the presence of HCV-pecific antibody was associated with an increased incidence of chemically significant hepatitis (70.6% vs. 9.5% in anti-HCV-negative patients, P<0.01). Hepatitis was more likely to be chronic in anti-HCV-positive patients than in anti-HCV-negative patients (P<0.05) Serious liver disease developed in 4 of 51 anti-HCV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients: liver failure causing death in 3 and hepatoma in 1. Liver biopsy specimens from anti-HCV-positive patients showed more aggressive histological lesions compared with those from anti-HCV-negative patients. We conclude that HCV infection is quite prevalent in our renal transplant recipients and plays a major role in posttransplant chronic liver disease.     

Outcome of renal graft recipients with hepatitis C virus infection

Abstract  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of posttransplanta-tion chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HCV in renal transplant recipients and to investigate risk and prognostic factors. Of 427 renal transplants carried out between July 1983 and January 1993, we retrospectively studied 66 (15.5 %) HBsAg-negative patients with anti-HCV detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Patient and graft survivals were estimated. Anti-HCV positive patients had more time on hemodi-alysis and pretransplant blood transfusions ( P = 0.0001) than did the seronegative population. In a mean follow-up of 52.3 ± 27.7 months, 36 patients (54 %) had biochemical evidence of liver disease, predominantly with a persistently high pattern of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Pretransplan-tation ALT elevation was associated ( P = 0.004) with chronic liver disease (CLD) in the graft recipient. None of the other variables studied predicted posttransplantation CLD. Liver failure occurred in two (3 %) and was the cause of death in one of the patients. Death occurred in eight significantly more aged ( P = 0.0001) patients, at 45.5 ± 28.8 months post-transplant. In 50 % of the cases, death was ascribed to sepsis. The biochemical pattern of HCV showed no predictive value for prognosis. The disease had no significant effect on the number of rejections or graft survival. The study revealed lower actuarial survival ( P = 0.004) for HCV-positive patients in comparison with the seronegative population.     

维持性血液透析患者感染乙型和丙型肝炎的分析

目的为了评价血液透析（血透）患者乙型和丙型肝炎（HBV、HCV）感染状态及对临床情况和肝功能的影响。方法对62例血透患者应用ELISA法和RT-PCR法检测抗-HCV和HCVRNA，采用斑点杂交法和固相放免法检测HBV标志，并检测肝功能和血浆蛋白电泳。结果62例患者中，抗-HCVIgM阳性27例（43．6％），抗-HCVIgG阳性29例（46．8％），HCVRNA阳性34例（54．8％），三项任一项阳性37例（59．7％），5例（8．1％）HBsAg阳性，其中HBeAg和HBVDNA阳性3例。结论向透患者中HCV感染严重，临床情况及预后差，检测血浆蛋白和电泳较肝功能酶学能更好地作为肝炎诊断和反映病情的指标。     

血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性肾移植患者临床用药特点

目的 探讨血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性。肾移植患者术后临床用药特点。方法 40例同种异体。肾移植患者，男22例，女18例。年龄30～56岁。其中乙型肝炎感染29例、丙型肝炎感染9例、乙型肝炎合并丙型肝炎感染2例。患者肝功能正常，随机分为普乐可复组（n=20），环孢素A组（n=20）。观察患者术后肝、肾功能情况及人／。肾存活率。结果 40例患者术后随访2年，普乐可复组肝功能异常发生率、急性排斥反应发生率明显低于环孢素A组（分别为15％vs30％，5％vs20％），2组2年人／肾存活率均为100％。结论 血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性患者接受肾移植术后首选普乐可复作为基础免疫制剂方案，可减少排斥反应发生率，对肝脏的损害程度轻。     

Hepatitis C infection in children and adolescents on haemodialysis and after renal transplant

Serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were measured in children and adolescents on haemodialysis (HD,n=20) and after renal transplant (RT,n=33). Seropositivity was observed in 3 HD patients (15%) and in 7 RT patients (21.2%) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2nd generation) and a recombinant immunoblotting assay (2nd generation). HCV RNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the 10 patients with anti-HCV antibodies. Anti-HCV positivity was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with the number of blood transfusions and the time on HD. Transaminase levels were not useful for screening. This study confirms that there is a high risk of HCV infection in children and adolescents on HD or after RT. Moreover, HCV infection is closely related to the number of blood transfusions as well as the time on HD.     

乙型肝炎病毒携带者肾移植术后临床观察

目的  探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者肾移植术后肝、肾功能变化的特点。方法  以116例HBV感染肾移植患者及348例同期无HBV感染肾移植患者为研究对象,收集患者术前及术后1、3、6、12、18、24、36、60个月的肝功能[丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）]、肾功能[血清肌酐（Scr）]指标。比较乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）（+）与HBsAg（-）组肾移植患者术前和术后肝、肾功能的变化;根据术前乙型肝炎病毒血清学、术前HBV DNA定量、术前肝功能检查结果,分别将116例HBsAg（+）肾移植患者再分为大三阳组与小三阳组、HBV DNA（+）组与HBV DNA（-）组、术前肝功能正常组与异常组,比较不同亚组间肾移植患者术前和术后肝、肾功能的变化。结果  （1）术前HBsAg（+）组患者的ALT、AST均高于HBsAg（-）组,肾移植术后36个月内,两组患者的肝功能比较,差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）,但术后60个月两组患者的肝功能比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。HBsAg（+）与HBsAg（-）组肾移植患者术前和术后60个月内的Scr比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。（2）大三阳组与小三阳组及HBV DNA（+）组与HBV DNA（-）组肾移植患者术前和术后60个月内的肝、肾功能比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。（3）术前肝功能正常组与异常组肾移植患者术前和术后1、3、6、12个月的ALT比较,差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）,两组患者术后其他时间点的ALT比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）;肾移植术前和术后1个月,两组患者的AST比较,差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）,两组患者术后其他时间点的AST比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。两组肾移植患者术前和术后60个月内肾功能比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。结论  HBV感染对肾移植患者术后5年内的肾功能不会有显著影响,但会影响术后短期肝功能。     

Hepatitis C virus Genotypes and reinfection of the graft during long-term follow-up in 35 liver transplant recipients

Abstract  To understand the clinical outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence, data from 35 liver transplant recipients who survived more than 6 months were reviewed, The presence of HCV-RNA was evaluated and genotyping was performed. On the basis of alanine aminotrans-ferase (ALT) levels, patients were sorted into four groups. In 20 patients, a chronic elevation in ALT was found; HCV-RNA detection was positive in 17/17 and the following genotypes were found in 15 of them: 1b in ten patients, 2a in four patients, and 3a in one patient. In 11 patients, ALT levels remained normal throughout follow-up; in nine of them HCV-RNA was positive; HCV genotyping was available in eight patients and identified type lb in two, type 2a in five, and type 3a in another patient. In two patients, ALT fluctuated above and below the upper limits of normality; type lb HCV-RNA was found in one of them. In two patients, after an initial period of normality, ALT levels showed an abrupt rise; HCV-RNA was positive and type lb was identified in both patients. Eight patients developed HCV-related deep jaundice and three of them spontaneously recovered. Progressive hepatic injury occurred in eight patients, six with chronic ALT elevation and two showing a late ALT elevation; genotype 1b was present in seven patients while in one, genotype 3a was found; sub-acute graft failure developed in five of them, leading to death in two and retrans-plantation in the others; the other three patients are alive with recurrent overt cirrhosis. The 1, 3, and 5 year actuarial survivals were 89 %, 79 %, and 63 % respectively. The 1, 3, and 5 year actuarial risks of progressive graft damage were 6 %, 7 %, and 15 %, respectively. In conclusion, HCV reinfection causes a slow decrease in the long-term patients' survival. Persistent elevation of ALT is more frequently observed in patients with genotype 1b infection.