晚期非小细胞肺癌适形放疗不同分割剂量对比研究

目的探讨三维适形放疗的常规分割剂量与大分割剂量对晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及放射损伤。方法116例晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗患者随机分为两组，A组采用常规分割剂量治疗：每次2Gy，1次/d，每周5d，共35—40次；B组用单次大分割剂量治疗：每次4～6Gy，隔日1次，每周3次，共11～17次。设5—7个非共面照射野，直线加速器6MV—X线及电动多叶光栅技术照射。结果A组60例，B组56例，两组均顺利完成治疗计划。近期有效疗率（CR＋PR）分别为76．67％和87．5％；中位生存期分别为18、17个月，1年生存率分别为81．6％和82．4％。放射反应为急性放射性肺炎、晚期放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎和血液系统副反应，发生率分别为15．00％、3．33％、13．33％、8．33％和30．36％、28．57％、25．0％、33．93％。结论放射性肺损伤是限制晚期非小细胞肺癌大分割剂量放疗的主要因素，常规分割剂量放疗放射性损伤副反应显著降低；用常规分割剂量并提高总放射剂量的方式，可以达到大分割剂量放疗的近期治疗效果，有降低放射性损伤发生率的可能。     

三维适形放疗治疗局部进展期非小细胞肺癌疗效分析

目的：研究三维适形放射治疗局部进展期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和毒副作用。方法：56例局部进展期非小细胞肺癌患者均采用三维适形放疗,先行计划靶区（PTV）照射45-50 Gy,后缩野肿瘤区（GTV）加量照射累积剂量DT61-67 Gy,均为1.8-2.0 Gy/次,5次/周。结果：完全缓解（CR）17例（30.4%）,部分缓解（PR）32例（57.1%）。1年生存率75.0%,2年生存率33.9%。毒副作用以放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎为主,但均可耐受。结论：三维适形放疗可提高局部进展期非小细胞肺癌患者局控率及1、2年生存率,减轻放疗的毒副作用。     

三维适形放疗联合化疗在非小细胞肺癌中的应用

目的观察三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法对30例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者采用三维适形放疗联合化疗。放射治疗先常规放疗2Gy／（次·d），5次／周，至40Gy后改为适形放疗，3Gy／（次·d）．5次／周，共10次30Gy。化疗采用NP方案，分别于放疗前和放疗后给予2个周期，每3周重复。结果30例患者均完成治疗，CR2例，PR22例，总有效率（CR＋PR）为80％，一、二年局部控制率和生存率分别为81％、45％和78％、41％。放射性肺炎和放射性食管炎分别为19％和35％。结论三维适形放射疗法联合化疗对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌安全、有效，是治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌较理想的方案。     

非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者治疗中的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:30例非小细胞肺癌均采用三维适形放疗,先行计划靶区(PTV)照射45～50 Gy,后缩野肿瘤区(GTV)加量照射累积剂量DT 60～68 Gy,均为1.8～2.0 Gy/次,5次/周。结果:完全缓解(CR)9例,占30%,部分缓解(PR)17例,占56.7%。1年生存率为76.7%,2年生存率为33.3%。不良反应以放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎为主,可耐受。结论:3D-CRT治疗NSCLC近期疗效好,不良反应小。     

三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌临床疗效观察

目的：观察三维适形放射治疗应用在中晚期非小细胞性肺癌（NSCLC）中的作用。方法：将64例非小细胞肺癌经病理诊断后,进行大分割三维适形放疗。患者以前均未做过放疗,本次放疗采用3-6个适形野,分次量3Gy,每周5次,肿瘤剂量36—42Gy。然后予合适的电子线放射治疗使总剂量达到60—70Gy,7周左右完成。结束后2个月进行近期疗效评价、放射增敏比对照及安全性评价。长期随访观察长期疗效。结果：64例疗效观察,15例完全缓解（CR）,29例部分缓解（PR）,15例无变化（NC）,5例进展（PD）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为68．8％（44／64）,1、2年生存率分别为51．6％、34．4％。结论：三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌近期疗效好,毒副反应轻,严重并发症发生率低。     

49例中晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的临床观察

目的观察三维适形放疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法采用CTsim系统精确定位及TPS计划系统将扫描图像进行三维重建，从而获得理想剂量分布，每天1次分割剂量220～300cGy／次，每天2次分割剂量150cGy／次，总剂量6000～7500cGy。结果全组CR20例，PR23例，NC3例，PD3例，有效率87．8％。结论对于中晚期非小细胞肺癌的患者，三维适形放疗技术是一种安全、有效的治疗手段，能够改善生存质量，提高生存率。     

低分割三维适形放射治疗28例非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的探讨低分割三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效和影响因素。方法对28例不能手术或不愿手术的Ⅱa~Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌患者,采用Primus M型直线加速器及全身立体定向适形放疗计划系统,单次剂量3~6Gy,总剂量48~60Gy。按RTOG和WHO标准观察近期疗效与放疗反应。结果28例患者均完成治疗,近期疗效:CR5例,PR15例,NC6例,PD2例,总有效率71.4%,1年生存率75.0%。无严重的放射治疗并发症发生。结论三维适形放射治疗能提高非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和局控率,减轻放疗毒副反应。     

三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察三维适形放疗联合化疗同步治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的近期疗效。方法对25例老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者予以三维适形放疗,剂量为60-65Gy/6-6.5周,同步化疗;长春瑞滨25mg/m^2,静脉滴注第1、8d。结果完全缓解率（CR）为24%,部分缓解率（PR）为56%,总有效率（CR＋PR）为80%。毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、放射性肺炎和食管炎。结论三维适形放疗联合长春瑞滨化疗同步治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效较为满意,不良反应患者可以耐受。     

47例非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的临床分析

目的 观察三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效与毒副作用.方法 47例非小细胞肺癌经病理诊断后,进行常规分割三维适形放疗.其中鳞癌28例,腺癌18例,类癌1例,其中8例为手术后、化疗后局部复发,2例出现上腔静脉阻塞综合征,可以平卧.47例患者以前均未做过放疗,本次放疗采用4～5个适形野,分次量2 Gy,每周5次,肿瘤剂量52～66 Gy,伴锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者用6 MV X线常规分割放射治疗,剂量40 Gy.然后予合适的电子线放射治疗总剂量达到54～66 Gy,7周左右完成. 结果 47例疗效观察,11例完全缓解(CR),24例部分缓解(PR),8例稳定(NC),4例进展(PD),总有效率(CR+PR)为74.4%(35/47),1、2年生存率分别为69.6%、47.8%. 结论 三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌近期疗效好,毒副作用小,严重并发症发生率低.     

三维适形放射治疗肝癌22例疗效分析

采用三维适形放射治疗技术(3DCRT)治疗肝癌22例，以大体肿瘤体积(GTV)边缘适当外放5～10mm作为计划靶体积(PTV)，优选5～6个非共面适形固定野照射，以90％等剂量线计算剂量，单次剂量DT3．6～7Gy／次，2～3次／周，总剂量DT35～42Gy／5～10次，GTV中位值为61．2cm^3(19．4～136．2cm^3)。结果：近期疗效CR、PR、NC、PD和有效率(CR PR)分别为4．5％、54．5％、36．3％、4．5％和59．1％；1、2年生存率分别为45．4％和27．3％；急性放射性肝损伤中转氨酶升高18．2％，黄疸指数升高9．1％。认为3DCRT具有定位准确、计划精确、重复性强等优点，用于治疗原发件或≤2个转移灶的继发性肝癌能提高局部控制率和患者生存率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.