Duodenal tuberculosis with a choledocho-duodenal fistula

A 22-year-old man visited our hospital (National Cancer Center Hospital East) complaining of fatigue and anorexia. A laboratory investigation demonstrated a biochemical 'picture' of obstructive jaundice. An abdominal CT showed a low density mass in the retropancreatic area with multiple enlarged periportal lymph nodes. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed active ulceration on the dorsal wall of the descending part of the duodenum, and histopathology of the biopsy specimen revealed an ulcer with reactive inflammatory cell infiltration; no tumor cells were detected. The possibility of neoplasm had been ruled out by the use of CT and angiography. The jaundice recovered spontaneously and the abdominal mass gradually decreased in size. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed no evidence of pancreatic disease; however, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed a choledocho-duodenal fistula. This patient showed hypersensitivity against the tuberculin skin test and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was successfully detected in gastric juice by using a polymerase chain reaction method and culture. Biopsy samples obtained from the duodenal ulcer at the second upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed chronic inflammation with an epithelioid granuloma, suggesting tuberculosis. We thus diagnosed this case as a duodenal tuberculosis with a choledocho-duodenal fistula. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report available of duodenal tuberculosis being the cause of a choledocho-duodenal fistula.     

肺动静脉瘘长期误诊为肺结核12例分析

目的提高对肺动静脉瘘与肺结核病的诊断水平。方法1990年1月至2005年10月确诊为肺动静脉瘘而在外院长期误诊为肺结核的12例进行回顾分析。结果12例病人均曾被外院长期误诊为肺结核,抗结核治疗时间长短不等,最后确诊。结论结核发病率升高,使临床医生对结核的警惕性普遍增强;肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的临床表现不典型及X线胸片的多样性导致了误诊率的增加。结核病专科医师应打破结核的思维定势,包括综合性医院的医师均应熟悉包括肺动静脉瘘在内的多种肺部疾病,提高肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的诊断与鉴别水平。对痰检阴性肺结核的诊断应慎重,积极通过其他途径确诊,经验性抗结核治疗后应及时复查X线胸片,以确定诊断。胸部CT(增强)或肺动脉造影检查对肺动静脉瘘的诊断、鉴别诊断有重要作用。     

肺动静脉瘘长期误诊为肺结核12例分析

目的提高对肺动静脉瘘与肺结核病的诊断水平。方法1990年1月至2005年10月确诊为肺动静脉瘘而在外院长期误诊为肺结核的12例进行回顾分析。结果12例病人均曾被外院长期误诊为肺结核，抗结核治疗时间长短不等，最后确诊。结论结核发病率升高，使临床医生对结核的警惕性普遍增强；肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的临床表现不典型及X线胸片的多样性导致了误诊率的增加。结核病专科医师应打破结核的思维定势，包括综合性医院的医师均应熟悉包括肺动静脉瘘在内的多种肺部疾病，提高肺动静脉瘘和肺结核的诊断与鉴别水平。对痰检阴性肺结核的诊断应慎重，积极通过其他途径确诊，经验性抗结核治疗后应及时复查X线胸片，以确定诊断。胸部CT（增强）或肺动脉造影检查对肺动静脉瘘的诊断、鉴别诊断有重要作用。     

Colonic tuberculosis

Tubercle bacillus was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch. With the introduction of chemotherapy for tuberculosis in the 1940s the incidence of this entity decreased. The incidence of the tuberculosis of the colon began to increase at the 1980s with the rise in numbers of patients considered as high risk for this entity, such as HIV-infected individuals, patients with chronic renal disease, and immunosuppressed patients with prolonged steroid therapy. We report on two patients with history of chronic abdominal pain and weight loss with a palpable mass in the right lower quadrant. In one patient chest radiography revealed a miliary reticulonodular pattern. In both, abdominal CT scan showed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and colonic wall thickness. Colonoscopic examination showed ulcerative lesions and ileocecal valve disruption. Microscopic examination of intestinal content showed evidenced M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the colon should be suspected in patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain and weight loss.     

Tuberculous involvement of the oesophagus with oesophagobroncheal fistula

Tuberculous involvement of the oesophagus is a rare disease. Even if it is suspected, diagnosis is often difficult though dysphagia and chest pain are the most common symptoms without any other specific signs of tuberculosis. The diagnosis is based on oesophagography, oesophagoscopy, bronchoscopy, and computed tomographic scan. Suspected tuberculosis can be confirmed with histology, smear, and culture. The two most common differential diagnoses are Crohn's disease and carcinoma. The case is reported of a female patient with tuberculous involvement of the oesophagus, who developed an oesophagobroncheal fistula during steroid treatment started for suspicion of Crohn's disease. The patient was immunocompromised due to treatment with azathioprine that she was receiving for multiple sclerosis. The fistula was successfully treated by antituberculous chemotherapy alone.     

淋巴结瘘型气管支气管结核的临床分析

目的探讨淋巴结瘘型气管支气管结核(TBTB,Ⅵ型)好发人群、临床症状、影像学表现、纤支镜下表现及转归。方法分析65例TBTB(Ⅵ型)患者,总结临床症状、影像学表现、纤支镜下的表现及转归。结果 (1)好发于年轻人(20~35岁)(75.3%)。(2)入院前平均病程4月,主要症状为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、胸痛等。(3)影像学表现:肺膨胀不全,肺门影增大,气道软组织影等。(4)好发部位:左上支气管、隆突及双侧主支气管、左下支气管、右上支气管、中叶支气管。结论 (1)TBTB(Ⅵ型)症状、影像学特征不典型。(2)患者需随访纤支镜及胸部CT至气道及纵隔内病变完全吸收后方可停药,以免复发。     

Parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula associated with cholangiocarcinoma

Parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula is a rare disorder. We herein report a case of parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula associated with cholangiocarcinoma. A 61‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital for further examination of a liver tumor. She had no clinical symptoms, but computed tomography scans showed an irregularly contoured liver tumor which was histologically confirmed to be adenocarcinoma, by a needle biopsy examination. Duodenal fiberscopy revealed a fistula orifice 1.0 cm proximal to the orifice of the papilla of Vater, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography through the fistula showed a communication to the common bile duct. Hypotonic duodenography demonstrated reflux of contrast material into the choledochoduodenal fistula. The bile sample collected from the common bile duct showed extremely high levels of pancreatic enzymes, including amylase, phospholipase‐A2, and elastase‐I. Furthermore, Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. This experience suggests to us that parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula may be a risk factor for biliary tract carcinoma, and surgical management is the treatment of choice for this rare condition, even when the patient has no significant clinical symptoms.     

Colonic fistulization in pancreatitis

A case is reported in which pancreatic abscess with erosion into the colon and the splenic artery was treated successfully. The 35 previously reported cases of colonic fistulization in pancreatitis are reviewed, and the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this complication are discussed.     

Pancreaticobiliary fistula associated with pancreatolithiasis

We report here a case of pancreaticobiliary fistula associated with pancreatolithiasis. A 47-year-old female without a habit of alcohol drinking was admitted by her family physician after suffering from mild acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography revealed mild acute pancreatitis with pancreatolithiasis at the head of the pancreas. The pancreatolithiasis was exposed to the inner surface of the common bile duct and possibly compressed and narrowed the Wirsung and Santorini ducts, resulting in the pancreatitis attack. We used extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to treat the pancreatolithiasis. After complete elimination of stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed an apparent pancreaticobiliary fistula between a branch of the Santorini duct and the lower portion of the common bile duct. There was no communication between the bile duct and the Wirsung duct or its branches; therefore, the diagnosis was not pancreaticobiliary maljunction. There have only been a few reports of pancreaticobiliary fistula without an association with pancreatic pseudocysts or intraductal papillary-mucinous pancreatic neoplasm, and there have only been few reports of pancreaticobiliary fistula with pancreatolithiasis.     

Colonic tuberculosis: Clinical features, endoscopic appearance and management

BACKGROUND: Although rare in the West, colonic tuberculosis is not an uncommon disease in developing countries. However, the clinical manifestations and radiological appearance of the disease are non-specific. In recent years, colonoscopy has been found to be very useful in diagnosing patients with colonic tuberculosis. METHODS: Clinical features, colonoscopic findings, histology and response to treatment were recorded in 50 patients with colonic tuberculosis. RESULTS: Abdominal pain, fever, anorexia, weight loss and diarrhoea were the common symptoms. The colonoscopic features consisted of ulcers (92%), nodules (88%), deformed caecum and ileocecal valve (42%), strictures (25%), multiple fibrous bands (8%) and polypoid lesions (6%). Segmental tuberculosis and lesions simulating carcinoma were seen in 22 and 16% of patients, respectively. Histological examination of the colonic biopsy specimens showed well-formed, non-caseating granulomas in 18%, collection of loosely arranged epithelioid cells in 40% and chronic non-specific inflammatory changes in 42% of the patients. Six patients needed surgical intervention. The other 44 patients responded well to anti-tuberculous therapy and became asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that colonoscopy is a useful method for diagnosing colonic tuberculosis. It is suggested that if the clinical picture and colonoscopic appearance are suggestive of tuberculosis and target biopsies reveal non-caseating granulomas, a collection of loosely arranged epithelioid cells, or even non-specific changes, then a therapeutic trial of anti-tuberculous drugs should be given and continued if there is clinical improvement.     

Concurrent ascending colon adenocarcinoma and ileocecal tuberculosis: A case report

Rationale:Few cases have been reported of the coexistence of tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. We report a rare case of concurrent ascending colon adenocarcinoma and ileocecal tuberculosis, which were nearly indistinguishable from one another.Patient concerns:A 59-year-old man visited our clinic with dizziness and anorexia.Diagnosis:Computed tomography revealed a mass in the ascending colon with ill-defined nodules in the liver. A colon biopsy showed adenocarcinoma with multinucleated giant cells. The liver nodules were confirmed to be metastatic adenocarcinomas.Interventions:Ant tuberculosis medications were administered prior to surgery. Two weeks later, a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and radiofrequency ablation of the liver were performed.Outcomes:The final pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma with chronic granulomatous inflammation and giant cells.Lessons:In this patient, the cancer was in an advanced stage and had no history of tuberculosis infection. Thus, in this case, the malignancy seemed to create the proper environment for either reactivation of a latent tuberculosis infection or, less likely, for the acquisition of a primary mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of concurrent colon adenocarcinoma and intestinal tuberculosis.     

Mucin-producing biliary papillomatosis associated with gastrobiliary fistula

We report a case of mucin-producing biliary papillomatosis in a 78-year-old woman. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) showed wall thickening and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD), as well as a nodular lesion, 1.2 cm in diameter, in the left branch of the IHBD. Gastric endoscopy revealed excretion of bile-containing mucin on the anterior wall of the body of the stomach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed gastrobiliary fistula and discharge of mucin into the stomach. Needle biopsy of the biliary tumor revealed papillary proliferation, but no malignant cells were recognized histologically. Therefore this patient was diagnosed as having mucin-producing biliary papillomatosis forming gastrobiliary fistula. She did not present with obstructive jaundice, probably because of the fistula. She is alive, without obstructive jaundice, 16 months after the diagnosis without having had surgery. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of biliary papillomatosis forming gastrobiliary fistula and with the patient free of obstructive jaundice. (Received May 22, 1998; accepted Aug. 28, 1998)     

Coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

This report describes two patients with the combination of a coronary artery fistula from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to the pulmonary artery together with hypertrophic cardioinyopathy.     

Jejunocolic fistula associated with an intestinal T cell lymphoma

Malignant fistula of the small bowel to the colon is rare and is most often due to adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma is unusual, representing less than 1 percent of all gastrointestinal malignancies. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain. A jejunocolic fistula was discovered during colonoscopy. Celiotomy revealed a large, ulcerated fistula tract between the jejunum and distal transverse colon, and pathology was consistent with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This is a rare entity in a nonimmunocompromised individual and has not been previously described in Korea.     

Cholecystoduodenal fistula associated with choledochal cyst: a rare clinical entity

A 61-year-old woman presented with recent history of cholangitis. On evaluation, she was found to have a type I choledochal cyst and a cholecystoduodenal fistula. She underwent excision of the choledochal cyst and disconnection of the fistula. In this case study, we present the diagnostic features and management of choledochal cyst associated with cholecystoduodenal fistula and a literature review of the condition.