肾癌合并膈下型下腔静脉癌栓的外科处理

我院自1994年7月至2002年8月共手术治疗。肾癌合并膈下型下腔静脉癌栓患者11例，行下腔静脉癌栓取出术和。肾癌根治术，现报告如下。     

腹膜后肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓手术中辅助循环的应用

目的 探讨不同的辅助循环方式在腹膜后肿瘤伴有腔静脉瘤栓手术中的应用效果。方法 1999年6月－2001年3月,对12例腹膜后肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓患者进行了手术治疗。其中6例在不同方式的辅助循环下,完整切除肿瘤及下腔静脉瘤栓。结果 患者无近期手术并发症。术后随访1－18个月,1例患者术后1个月死亡,其余均存活至今,疗效满意。结论 对于腹膜后肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓的患者,应根据瘤栓侵犯的不同类型,采用不同的辅助循环方式进行手术,在技术上是可取的,手术效果尚满意。     

腹膜后肿瘤累及下腔静脉的外科处理

腹膜后肿瘤来源复杂 ,发生部位广泛 ,无特异临床表现 ,不易早期发现 ,就诊时肿瘤常常已侵及大血管。腹膜后肿瘤的完整切除是减少术后复发 ,提高长期生存率的关键[1] 。因此肿瘤侵及腹膜后大血管是手术彻底切除的主要障碍。手术能否根治性切除 ,取决于对血管的处理。动脉壁厚且分离较易 ,相反静脉壁薄 ,易被肿瘤浸润分离困难 ,常需行静脉切除或重建。本文就腹膜后肿瘤累及下腔静脉 (Ｉｎｆｅｒｉｏｒｖｅｎａｃａｖａ ,ＩＶＣ)的外科处理做一综述。一、概述176 1年Ｍｏｒｇａｇｎｉ首次描述了腹膜后肿瘤[2 ] 。腹膜后肿瘤包括原发性和转移性…     

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓11例的外科治疗体会

目的 探讨并总结肝细胞癌(肝癌)合并下腔静脉(inferior vena cava，IVC)癌栓手术治疗的方法和经验。方法 对11例肝癌合并IVC癌栓患者进行了手术治疗，手术先在入肝血流阻断下作肝癌原发灶切除，然后再阻断IVC血流行切开取栓。结果 本组11例原发灶和IVC癌栓均成功切除，全组无手术死亡，术中、术后均未发生与IVC取栓相关的并发症。平均手术时间为179(120—255)min，平均手术失血量为1482(600—3000)ml，平均肝门阻断和全肝血流阻断时间分别为27．9(12—83)min和16．5(7—28)min。术后发生胸水1例、胆漏1例，均治愈；随访3例已死亡，8例存活1—14个月。结论 肝癌合并IVC癌栓的手术可安全施行，手术应先作原发灶切除再作IVC切开取栓。     

腔静脉节段切除在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓中的应用

报告８例下腔静脉节段切除和系统性淋巴清扫肾癌根治术治疗右肾癌并腔静脉浸润性癌栓。４例无远处转移者中３例术后分别存活３６，４２和１７个月，１例２７个月后死于脑转移。４例有远处转移者术后２例分别存活１３和１４个月，１例肝转移瘤者已存活６个月，１例膈上型癌栓者于术后８小时死于心肺功能衰退。     

肾细胞癌癌栓伸延至下腔静脉时的外科处理

肾细胞癌(以下简称肾癌)累及肾静脉或下腔静脉为手术证实后常被放弃治疗。目前,由于术前已能明确癌栓所处的部位及下腔静脉被侵犯的程度,所以能够大胆地采用一些手术方法并获得了一定的成功。一、病理学肾癌往往侵入肾静脉并形成肾静脉血栓。癌栓伸延至下腔静脉有三种方式:①癌栓从肾静脉直接伸延,自由浮动;②癌栓附着和侵犯下腔静     

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗及预后

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗及预后曾进，章咏裳肾细胞癌（ＲＣＣ）容易发生肾静脉和下腔静脉（ＩＶＣ）内癌栓，其发病率约占同期ＲＣＣ总数的３％～１０％［１，２］。近年来，随着影像学的日趋发展和普及，Ｂ超、ＣＴ、ＭＲ以及下腔静脉造影等检查都具有较高的诊断正确...     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓4例的手术治疗

目的：提高肾癌（RCC）伴下腔静脉（IVC）癌栓的手术治疗效果。方法：对4例RCC伴IVC癌栓患者在施行肾癌根治性切除、淋巴结清除的同时分别选择行IVC切开、IVC壁切除和IVC节段切除取癌栓术。结果：手术均获成功，无大出血、肺梗塞，术后血尿素氮、肌酐均无明显异常。随访13-34月患者均健在。结论：对本病应采取积极的手术治疗。三种手术方案的选择应取决于癌栓的长度、水平、分型等。     

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓3例

例 1 　 男 ,5 5岁。因间歇性血尿 2个月于 1 999年 1 1月入院。外院 B超检查示右肾肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓。体检 :右上腹可触及约 1 3 cm× 1 1 cm的肿块 ,表面不平 ,上界不清。 CT检查显示右肾中下极有 8.0 cm× 9.0 cm× 1 0 .0 cm低密度不规则肿块影 ,增强扫描后肿块不均匀强化 ,右肾静脉、下腔静脉内见低密度癌栓形成 ,腹膜后淋巴结无肿大 (图1 )。 MRI显示右肾中下极有 8.0 cm× 9.0 cm×1 0 .0 cm的异常信号肿块影 ,边界尚清 ,T1WI呈等信号和部分低信号 ,T2 WI呈高信号 ;右肾静脉及相应水平的下腔静脉内见 3 .0 cm× 4.0 cm的软组…     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2003年11月21例肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者资料，男13例，女8例，平均年龄50岁。右侧13例，左侧8例。临床表现主要为腰痛和（或）血尿。经彩色多普勒超声、CT和MRI确诊。Ⅰ型癌栓3例，Ⅱ型10例，Ⅲ型6例，Ⅳ型2例。其中行肾癌根治术加下腔静脉癌栓取出术15例，肾癌根治术加下腔静脉节段切除术4例。结果 19例手术者中，8例术后仅存活3～13个月，11例随访4～57个月至今，无瘤生存8例，带瘤生存3例。2例未行手术者分别于3、5个月后死亡。结论 彩色多普勒超声、CT和MRI对肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓诊断率较高，可准确判断癌栓位置。对无淋巴结和远处转移者，积极行肾癌根治术加下腔静脉癌栓取出术或下腔静脉节段切除术治疗效果满意。     

Caval replacement strategy in pediatric retroperitoneal tumors encasing the vena cava: a single-center experience and review of literature

Background

Complete encasement of the inferior vena cava by retroperitoneal tumors is rare. Although replacement of the vena cava has been considered for various conditions in adults, it is rarely used in children except for challenging resections and as a last chance approach – often aiming more at debulking than cure.

Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma invading the inferior vena cava: report of three cases

Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma is a rare neoplasm for which complete surgical removal provides the only effective treatment, as local recurrence adversely affects prognosis. However, invasion of major vessels may occur, making complete resection difficult. This report describes the cases of three patients who required concomitant resection of parts of the inferior vena cava because of direct tumor invasion. The major vessels should be isolated in preference to the tumor capsule during surgery to prevent sudden exsanguination or incomplete tumor resection. Resection of a recurrent sarcoma or a solitary metastasis can be effective in selected patients. Received: September 20, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002     

肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法。方法 采用肝切除 腔静脉取栓治疗4例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者,取栓方法包括经荷栓肝静脉取栓(1例)和下腔静脉切开取栓(3例),后者又分在全肝血流阻断下取栓(2例)和在萨氏钳局部血管阻断下取栓(1例)。结果 4例肝癌及下腔静脉癌栓均得到成功切除,术中无明显并发症发生;术后除l例发生中等量胸水外,无其他并发症发生;随访中3例已死亡,分别生存30、10和14个月;1例尚存活,已生存7个月。结论 肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗安全可行,其基本术式为肝切除 下腔静脉切开取栓。     

经腹途径肾癌伴右心房下下腔静脉癌栓手术疗效观察

目的探讨经腹途径非体外循环下肾癌伴右心房下下腔静脉癌栓手术疗效及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析44例行经腹途径非体外循环下肾癌根治性切除术和下腔静脉癌栓取出术的肾癌伴右心房下下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料。依据术后病理分期分为转移性肾癌组和非转移性肾癌组。转移性肾癌组包括男性6例,女性3例,平均年龄（62±11）岁;下腔静脉癌栓I级2例、Ⅱ级3例、Ⅲ级3例及Ⅳ级1例。非转移性肾癌组依据下腔静脉癌栓分级水平分为低分级癌栓组：共12例,包括下腔静脉癌栓I级3例、Ⅱ级9例,男性8例,女性4例,平均（57±10）岁;高分级癌栓组：共23例,包括下腔静脉癌栓Ⅲ级18例、Ⅳ级5例,男性18例,女性5例,平均（59±9）岁。结果38例（86％）成功实施经腹途径非体外循环下右心房下下腔静脉癌栓取出术,平均手术时间（215±90）min,下腔静脉平均阻断时间（19±4）min,平均失血量为（1220±995）ml,平均输血量为（950±840）ml。围手术期7例（15．9％）出现并发症,无1例围手术期死亡。随访中18例死亡,平均生存时间为（28±16）个月。26例患者存活,平均随访（30±13）个月,其中12例为无瘤生存,14例发生肾癌转移。转移性肾癌组平均生存时间为（12．2±1．2）个月,显著低于非转移性。肾癌组的（48．0±3．0）个月（P〈0．05）。非转移性肾癌患者5年生存率为12％,其中低分级癌栓组平均生存时间为（50．8±4．2）个月,与高分级癌栓组平均生存时间（44．7±3．3）个月相比,差异无统计学意义（P=0．422）。结论肾癌伴右心房下下腔静脉癌栓可经腹途径非体外循环下完成,病理分期而非下腔静脉癌栓级别是其重要预后影响因素。     

采用一种新的经腹切开膈肌方法治疗肝癌合并膈上下腔静脉癌栓

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓是晚期肝癌的表现，以往认为手术治疗效果很差。随着外科技术的发展，手术治疗不仪能去除原发灶，而且能解除癌栓脱落造成心力衰竭和肺动脉栓寒。福建省市阪院收治了1例肝癌合并膈上下腔静脉癌栓患者，旨在探讨肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓手术过程中经腹切开膈肌显露脯上下腔静脉的新方法。     

肾癌并发下腔静脉癌栓的诊断与治疗

目的：提高对肾癌并发下腔静脉癌栓的诊断及治疗经验。方法：分析8例肾癌并发下腔静脉癌栓的诊断方法及治疗措施。结果：术前已明确诊断6例,8例均经手术治疗,1例术中死亡,余7例手术成功。结论：手术切除肾癌并取出癌栓是目前有望治愈的方法之一,手术方式的选择取决于癌栓的大小及部位。手术风险大、难度大,必须警惕癌栓的脱落。     

Surgical removal of a tilted temporary inferior vena cava filter incorporated with a large thrombus: Report of a case

A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with left leg edema and dull pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge myoma uteri compressing the left common iliac vein, thus resulting in iliofemoral venous thrombosis. A total hysterectomy was uneventfully performed under the placement of a temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. The postoperative enhanced CT-scan and cavography revealed the 90°-tilted filter incorporated with a large thrombus. As an increased dose of heparin that was administered during the following week resulted in no reduction of the thrombus, a surgical removal was indicated. The infrarenal IVC was clamped proximal and distal to the filter, and the tilted filter with the large thrombus was removed through a longitudinal cavotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she had no recurrence or residual symptoms for 6 months following the surgery.     

肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓形成的诊治分析(附5例报告)

目的:探讨肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓形成的临床诊疗经验。方法:回顾性分析5例肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓形成患者的临床资料:患者24h尿VMA均升高,尿儿茶酚胺定性试验均阳性;CT、CTA、下腔静脉造影检查发现下腔静脉充盈缺损。5例均在全麻下行肾上腺肿瘤切除加下腔静脉瘤栓取出术。结果:目前3例生存,另2例分别于术后21个月和36个月死亡。结论:影像学检查(CT、CTA、下腔静脉造影等)对肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓形成的诊断具有重要意义。根治性肿瘤切除加瘤栓取出术是治疗肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓形成的有效方法。     

Adrenocortical carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava in a patient with right kidney agenesis: Surgical approach and review of literature

INTRODUCTIONAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and the association with tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava (IVC) is not common. The best treatment is represented by radical surgery.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe describe a case of a large ACC of the left adrenal gland extending into the IVC through the left renal vein in a young patient with agenesis of the right kidney and signs of acute renal failure. A midline laparotomy was performed, subsequently extended by a left thoracophrenotomy through the 7th intercostal space in order to control the proximal surface of the mass and the thoracic aorta. The tumor was completely excised preserving the kidney, and thrombectomy was performed by a cavotomy with a temporary caval clamping, without cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB).DISCUSSIONWe discuss surgical approaches reported in literature in case of ACC with intracaval extension. The tumor must be completely resected and the thrombectomy can be performed by different approaches: cavotomy with direct suture, partial resection of caval wall without reconstruction, resection of vena cava with graft reconstruction. These procedures could require a CPB, with an increased mortality. In our case we preserved the kidney and a thrombectomy without CPB was performed.CONCLUSIONIntracaval extension of ACC does not represent a contraindication to surgery. The best treatment of intracaval thrombus should be the cavotomy with direct suture. The CPB is not always required. In presence of renal agenesis, the preservation of the kidney is mandatory.     

Surgical management of catheter-related right atrial thrombus with superior vena cava syndrome A Case Report

There are no consensus guidelines on the management of catheter-related right atrial thrombus. We present the case of a 29-year-old female with end-stage renal disease who was found to have a large right atrial thrombus associated with her tunneled dialysis catheter during preoperative workup for renal transplant. She exhibited signs and symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome and NYHA class III congestive heart failure. She was successfully treated with surgical thrombectomy and demonstrated rapid resolution of her symptoms postoperatively.