汉族多囊卵巢综合征患者各雄激素指标的临床意义分析

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的雄激素表现及其与内分泌和代谢改变之间的关系。方法:分析100例PCOS患者及100例对照女性的临床和生化雄激素(A)指标及其与内分泌和代谢参数间的关系。结果:PCOS患者多毛评分高于对照组,但症状程度较轻(中位数=2)。生化雄激素指标中,硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)和双氢睾酮(DHT)在组间无统计学差异(P0.05),而PCOS组患者睾酮(T,1.46 nmol/L vs 0.90 nmol/L)、雄烯二酮(A4,8.24 nmol/L vs 4.96 nmol/L)和游离雄激素指数(FAI,3.70 vs 1.54)显著高于对照组(P0.05),性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG,35.84 nmol/L vs56.08 nmol/L)则明显低于对照组(P0.05)。相关分析表明,与对照组相比PCOS组各雄激素指标间相关性明显减低。雄激素指标与内分泌和代谢参数的相关性在组间也存在统计学差异(P0.05)。对照组中FAI、A4、T、DHEAS与FSH呈负相关,而在PCOS组中FSH相关性消失,而是与LH呈正相关;对照组雄激素指标与糖脂代谢参数的相关性不明显,但在PCOS组中FAI、A4、T均与代谢指标明显呈正相关。结论:对于中国PCOS患者来说,生化雄激素指标较临床指标更为显著;FAI和A4在评价生化高雄激素时更有意义。PCOS中特异存在的雄激素代谢和作用过程改变可能是疾病病因机制的关键。     

达英-35对非肥胖、非胰岛素抵抗多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的探讨达英-35[diane-35,每片含醋酸环丙孕酮(CAP)2 mg和乙炔雌二醇(EE)35 μg]对非肥胖、非胰岛素抵抗(IR)多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)胰岛素敏感性的影响.方法选取32例非肥胖、非IR的PCOS患者作为研究对象,达英-35治疗3个月,治疗前后测定体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、瘦素(Leptin)和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),并进行口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)和胰岛素释放试验,计算游离雄激素指数(FAI)、葡萄糖和胰岛素曲线下面积、空腹血糖/胰岛素之比(GIR)、OGTT各时点的胰岛素/血糖比以及卵巢体积.结果①治疗前后BMI、WHR和FSH无改变,LH、LH/FSH值、FAI和卵巢体积明显下降(P＜0.01),T也较治疗前降低(P＜0.05),SHBG则明显升高(P＜0.01),血Leptin升高(P＜0.05).②治疗前后空腹血糖均在正常范围,葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUC葡萄糖)无改变,治疗后胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC胰岛素)、OGTT各时相的胰岛素/血糖比和胰岛素水平均升高(P＜0.01),GIR则从11.24±2.15 mg·L/dl·mU明显下降为3.77±0.60 mg·L/dl·mU (P＜0.01).结论达英-35在明显改善非肥胖、非IR PCOS高雄激素血症的同时有胰岛素抵抗的迹象,其原因可能与周围组织胰岛素敏感性下降有关.     

不同高雄激素血症表型多囊卵巢综合征患者临床特征分析

目的:探讨不同高雄激素血症表型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的临床、代谢特征及其意义。方法:回顾性分析2013年4月至2017年7月在黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院门诊就诊的683例PCOS患者,根据血清雄烯二酮(AND)和睾酮(T)水平分为4个亚组:高AND伴高T组(A组);单纯高AND组(B组);单纯高T组(C组);非高T组(D组)。另选取50例健康体检女性作为对照组(NC组)。对5组受试者临床和生化指标进行特征性分析。结果:PCOS患者4个亚组的黑棘皮、痤疮和溢脂发生率、多毛评分、黄体生成激素(LH)、LH/血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)显著高于对照组(P0.05),伴高AND水平(A组和B组)的PCOS患者的游离雄激素指数(FAI)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)较对照组明显升高(P0.05),且伴高AND水平(A组和B组)的PCOS患者与非高T的PCOS患者(D组)相比LH、LH/FSH、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)、FAI差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PCOS患者合并高雄激素血症更易出现性激素异常、高胰岛素血症(HI)、胰岛素抵抗(IR)和脂代谢紊乱,且伴有高AND的患者激素水平异常和代谢紊乱更为严重,临床对血清AND的检测应予以重视。     

不同分组多囊卵巢综合征患者糖代谢特征分析

目的:探讨不同分组的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的糖代谢特征。方法:将256例PCOS患者按照雄激素水平、体重指数及青春期与育龄期分组,观察生殖激素、血糖及胰岛素水平,比较各组糖代谢异常发生率及糖代谢特征。结果:(1)256例PCOS患者糖耐量受损(IGT)发生率为18.36%,2型糖尿病(DM2)发生率为4.69%;(2)高雄组β细胞功能指数(HBCI)、胰岛素曲线下面积(IAUC)高于雄激素正常组(P0.05);(3)肥胖组糖代谢各指标及代谢异常发生率均明显高于非肥胖组(P0.01);(4)育龄期与青春期组比较胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、IAUC、HBCI及外周胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:(1)高雄激素血症可能加重高胰岛素血症,但不影响远期糖代谢;(2)肥胖的PCOS患者存在更严重的糖代谢异常;(3)青春期以胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症为主要特点,随着年龄增长糖代谢异常的发生率逐渐增加。     

联合LC-MS和化学发光免疫法分析不同类型PCOS的雄激素水平

目的:利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)方法和化学发光免疫分析法测定不同临床类型PCOS患者的血清雄激素水平,分析中国PCOS女性的高雄激素血症的生化特点。方法:纳入有排卵障碍和多囊卵巢的PCOS患者149例,根据血清睾酮(T)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)值及F-G多毛评分情况分为两组:高雄组55例,非高雄组94例。同期选取输卵管性不孕患者82例作为对照组。化学发光法测定性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)水平,计算游离雄激素指数(FTI)。LC-MS法测定各组血清睾酮、雄烯二酮(AD)和脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)。结果:高雄组的血清T水平及FTI值显著高于非高雄组及对照组(P0.05),非高雄组高于对照组(P0.05);高雄组、非高雄组的DHEAS及AD水平均高于对照组(P0.05);3组的DHEA水平比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:血清T、AD、DHEAS及FTI均为诊断PCOS高雄激素血症的敏感指标;T及FTI是PCOS分型(高雄及非高雄)的主要依据;LC-MS和化学发光免疫分析法对PCOS高雄激素血症的诊断具有一致性。     

地塞米松对伴有肾上腺雄激素分泌过多的PCOS患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨地塞米松对伴肾上腺雄激素分泌过多PCOS患者的疗效。方法:采用前瞻、随机、对照的研究方法,将60例经达英-35治疗后高雄激素和临床表现仍然未能明显改善且伴有肾上腺雄激素分泌过多的PCOS不孕患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分成对照组(达英-35+安慰剂)和实验组(达英-35+地塞米松),所有患者治疗3个月,比较2组患者性激素水平、临床表现。随后给予氯米芬(CC)及人绝经期促性腺激素(hMG)促排卵治疗,比较分析临床结局。结果:所有患者治疗后雄烯二酮(A2)均降低,下降率组间无差异(P>0.05),实验组硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)降低率、性结合球蛋白(SHBG)提高率明显好于对照组(P<0.05);实验组较对照组的痤疮及多毛症状改善明显(P<0.05),而体质量指数(BMI)及腰臀比(WHR)的改变不明显(P>0.05)。实验组比对照组的成熟卵泡率、排卵率及妊娠率效果更好(P<0.05)。结论:经用达英-35治疗后高雄激素血症和临床表现仍然未能明显改善,并伴肾上腺雄激素分泌过多的PCOS不孕患者,加用地塞米松,较单纯应用达英-35更能有效抑制高雄激素血症,提高SHBG,改善临床表现,提高成熟卵泡率、排卵率及妊娠率。     

高雄激素和非高雄激素型多囊卵巢综合征患者血清抗苗勒管激素分泌特点及诊断效能比较

目的:比较抗苗勒管激素(AMH)在高雄激素和非高雄激素型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的分泌特点和诊断效能,对发病机制进行探讨。方法:纳入具有排卵障碍的PCOS患者131例(高雄组62例,非高雄组69例),另外纳入61例输卵管或男方因素不孕的患者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法和化学发光法检测并比较3组患者血清中AMH、性激素、糖脂代谢等生化指标,采用ROC曲线评估AMH对PCOS患者的诊断效能;采用Pearman's相关法分析高雄和非高雄型PCOS患者血清AMH水平与其他各参数间的关系。结果:①PCOS患者血清AMH水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),高雄组又显著高于非高雄组(P0.05)。②AMH诊断高雄组PCOS患者的AUC为0.82,敏感性为82%,特异性为64%。AMH诊断非高雄组PCOS患者的AUC为0.66,敏感性为64%,特异性为62%。③高雄组PCOS患者AMH与FSH呈负相关(r=-0.42,P=0.05),与LH呈正相关(r=0.46,P0.05)。非高雄组PCOS患者AMH与HDL呈负相关(r=-0.28,P0.05),与BMI、空腹血糖和LDL呈正相关(r=0.26;r=0.27;r=0.29,P0.05)。结论:AMH适合于诊断某种特定亚型如高雄激素型PCOS,对非高雄激素型PCOS的诊断准确性较低,由此也反映出两种亚型患者发病机制可能存在差异。     

中老年男性肥胖类型与性激素关系研究

目的:探讨肥胖类型与性激素水平的关系。方法:采用横断面研究,以927例中老年男性为对象,统一获得其体质量指数(BMI)、腰高比(WHt R),测定血清总睾酮(TT)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),并计算游离睾酮(c FT)和生物利用性睾酮(Bio-T),分析BMI、WHt R与性激素相关性,比较不同WHt R组性激素水平,并应用Logistic回归分析WHt R、肥胖类型与性激素低下关联。结果:WHt R与所有性激素指标TT、c FT、Bio-T和SHBG呈负相关(P0.05),而BMI仅与TT、SHBG呈负相关(P0.05);与低WHt R组(WHt R≤0.5)比,高WHt R组(WHt R0.5)血清TT、c FT、Bio-T和SHBG均显著下降(P0.05)。Logistic模型显示,双重肥胖组即BMI和WHt R都超标者,TT和c FT低下风险增加(P0.05),但仅有一般性肥胖或中心性肥胖与TT、c FT低下关联未显示统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖共存是中老年男性血清TT、c FT低下的危险因素。     

复方醋酸环丙孕酮与螺内酯干预对非肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)内分泌代谢的影响

目的:比较复方醋酸环丙孕酮和螺内酯治疗以高雄激素血症为主要表现的非肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的临床疗效和对内分泌代谢的影响。方法:按前瞻性随机对照研究方法选择以高雄激素血症为主要表现的非肥胖型PCOS患者80例,按随机化分组方案分为复方醋酸环丙孕酮(EE-CA)组和螺内酯(Sp)组,每组40例,分别口服相应的药物6个月,比较治疗前、后的体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、多毛体征、痤疮程度以及卵巢体积,并测定血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、泌乳素(PRL)、总睾酮(T)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血脂的水平,记录服药后不良反应。结果:治疗多毛EE-CA和Sp疗效接近(P>0.05);EE-CA组治疗6个月后痤疮评分下降较Sp组作用明显(P<0.05),在缩小卵巢体积方面显著优于Sp(P<0.05),降低血LH、LH/FSH、T、游离雄激素指数(FAI)、DHEAS和升高SHBG的作用较Sp组显著(P<0.05,P<0.01);EE-CA组FINS、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)高于Sp组(P<0.05)。结论:本研究用于治疗以高雄激素血症为主要表现的非肥胖型PCOS的药物都是有效的;EE-CA降低高雄激素血症的效果优于Sp,但对高甘油三酯的患者使用要慎重;Sp亦有较好的降雄激素作用,且对糖、脂代谢没有显著影响。     

抗苗勒管激素和内分泌代谢指标在多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的应用

目的建立用于检测多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)和其他激素代谢指标的临床截断值。方法本研究共纳入653名PCOS患者,同时纳入118名健康妇女作为对照组。分析血清AMH、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、FSH/LH、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、17α-OH孕酮(17α-OHP)、空腹胰岛素(INS)、空腹血糖(GLU)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的水平,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估AMH、LH/FSH、T和INS诊断多囊卵巢的诊断效能。以AMH、LH/FSH、T和INS为自变量,建立logistic回归模型,并根据概率值拟合联合检测的ROC曲线。结果与对照相比,PCOS患者血清FSH、LH、LH/FSH、AMH、游离雄激素指数(FAI)、17α-OHP、空腹INS、T、SHBG、DHEA-S和HOMA-IR差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。针对20～29岁的女性,AMH作为PCOS的诊断指标的临床截断值为8.16 mg/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.846,针对30～34岁女性的截断值为6.98 mg/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.845,针对35～39岁女性的截断值为5.65 mg/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.832。AMH、LH/FSH、T和INS联合检测PCOS的ROC曲线下面积为0.951。结论 20～29岁PCOS患者的AMH的截断值为8.16 mg/L,30～34岁为6.98 mg/L,35～39岁为5.65 mg/L。血清AMH、LH/FSH、T和INS可以作为PCOS诊断的有效检测指标,这些标志物的联合检测可以提高PCOS的诊断特异性和敏感性。     

The association of body mass index and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To investigate the association between BMI and different androgen parameters in women with PCOS and normal ovulatory women.

Study design

A cross sectional, observational study was carried out. A total of 286 patients aged 20–44 years were recruited. One hundred and sixty-five women had a diagnosis of PCOS and 121 women were ovulatory with no clinical or biochemical or ultrasound evidence of PCOS. The PCOS and non-PCOS groups were sub-divided into two subgroups based on BMI (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m² and BMI > 30 kg/m²). Androgen parameters measured were testosterone, androstenedione, free androgen index and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Testosterone and androstenedione were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated using the formula: (testosterone/SHBG) × 100. Spearman rank correlations were used to determine relationship between BMI and androgens.

Results

The PCOS group had a higher BMI compared with the non-PCOS group (28.9 ± 5.8, 24.5 ± 4.1). Total testosterone, androstenedione, and FAI were significantly higher while SHBG was lower in the PCOS group. A correlation between BMI and total testosterone was not observed in either group. Positive correlations were observed between BMI and FAI in both PCOS (p < 0.001) and non-PCOS groups (p = 0.02) while a positive correlation was observed between BMI and androstenedione in the PCOS group (p = 0.001). SHBG correlated negatively with BMI in both groups.

Conclusion

A strong correlation exists between BMI and FAI but not with total testosterone, possibly due to the mediation of SHBG. Hyperandrogenaemia in the form of androstenedione seems to be augmented in PCOS with increasing BMI. A direct causal relationship between BMI and androgenaemia was not established.     

Relationship between hyperandrogenism,obesity, inflammation and polycystic ovary syndrome

This prospective study aimed to determine the status of circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-27, IL-35, IL-37, α-1 acid glycoprotein in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with controls and to evaluate their relation with hyperandrogenism and obesity. Forty-eight patients with PCOS (29 obese, 19 lean) and 40 healthy controls (20 obese, 20 lean) were enrolled. CRP, TNF-α, IL-27, IL-35, IL-37, α-1 acid glycoprotein, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were measured. Levels of total testosterone, A4, DHEA-S were significantly higher in patients with PCOS than in controls both in the obese and lean groups, while levels of SHBG were significantly lower in all patients with PCOS than in all (p?p?p?p?p?相似文献   

Serum visfatin,vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: To evaluate serum concentrations of visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to investigate their possible role as early endothelial markers in PCOS.

Methods: Forty-two women with PCOS and 42 controls, matched for age and weight, were included in the study. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, total testosterone (tT), Δ₄-androstenedione (Δ₄A), dehydroepinadrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), 17-OH-progesterone, sex hormone-binding protein (SHBG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT₄), visfatin, VEGF and MMP-9 were measured in all women; free androgen index (FAI) was calculated as well. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine if visfatin, tT or FAI can predict the clinical status (PCOS or control).

Results: LH, Δ₄A, tT and FAI concentrations were higher in PCOS than in controls (p?=?0.002, 0.029, 0.0005 and 0.014, respectively). Visfatin, VEGF and MMP-9 concentrations were higher in women with PCOS than controls (p?=?0.019, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). In ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) in the prediction of clinical status was 0.641 for visfatin (p?=?0.026), 0.731 for tT (p?=?0.001) and 0.666 for FAI (p?=?0.010), with no difference among them (p?=?0.117).

Conclusions: Visfatin may induce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF and MMP-9, in women with PCOS, inplying gradually development of endothelial dysfunction. Further studies are required to clarify these findings.     

Adrenocortical steroid response to ACTH in different phenotypes of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome

Background

Adrenal androgen excess is frequently observed in PCOS. The aim of the study was to determine whether adrenal gland function varies among PCOS phenotypes, women with hyperandrogenism (H) only and healthy women.

Methods

The study included 119 non-obese patients with PCOS (age: 22.2?±?4.1y, BMI:22.5?±?3.1?kg/m²), 24 women with H only and 39 age and BMI- matched controls. Among women with PCOS, 50 had H, oligo-anovulation (O), and polycystic ovaries (P) (PHO), 32 had O and H (OH), 23 had P and H (PH), and 14 had P and O (PO). Total testosterone (T), SHBG and DHEAS levels at basal and serum 17-hydroxprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (A4), DHEA and cortisol levels after ACTH stimulation were measured.

Results

T, FAI and DHEAS, and basal and AUC values for 17-OHP and A4 were significantly and similarly higher in PCOS and H groups than controls (p?<?0.05 for all) whereas three groups did not differ for basal or AUC values of DHEA and cortisol. Three hyperandrogenic subphenotypes (PHO, OH, and PH) compared to non-hyperandrogenic subphenotype (PO) had significantly and similarly higher T, FAI, DHEAS and AUC values for 17-OHP, A4 and DHEA (p?<?0.05). All subphenotypes had similar basal and AUC values for cortisol.

Conclusion

PCOS patients and women with H only have similar and higher basal and stimulated adrenal androgen levels than controls. All three hyperandrogenic subphenotypes of PCOS exhibit similar and higher basal and stimulated adrenal androgen secretion patterns compared to non-hyperandrogenic subphenotype.

     

汉族育龄多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床特征及分析

目的探讨汉族育龄妇女患多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的临床特征。方法根据欧洲人类生殖协会(ESHRE)和美国生殖医学协会(ASRM)提出的,将符合稀发排卵、高雄激素征象及卵巢多囊样表现3项中的2项即可诊断PCOS的标准(即ESHRE/ASRM诊断标准),采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,以问卷方式调查了山东省济南市某地区1027名育龄妇女,对检出的PCOS患者的临床表现、糖代谢特征进行分析;并与同期94名月经正常、已正常生育、无痤疮、无男性毛发分布及无卵巢多囊表现等的妇女(对照组)进行比较。结果(1)1027份调查问卷,收回有效问卷828份(即828名调查对象),问卷反馈率为80·62%。共检出PCOS患者85例,其中≤35岁患者为97·65%(83/85)。(2)同年龄段PCOS患者的月经周期较对照组长,反映临床高雄激素征象及程度的多毛F-G分数、睾酮、游离雄激素指数较对照组高,平均小卵泡数均较对照组多,血清性激素结合球蛋白较对照组降低,以上两者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·01)。85例PCOS者的月经稀发程度、F-G分数、痤疮的发生情况、平均小卵泡数,随年龄增长呈现逐渐缩短或降低的趋势。(3)PCOS有不孕史患者的胰岛素抵抗指数为1·49±0·73,无不孕史患者为1·31±0·66,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2·058;P<0·05)。PCOS肥胖患者的空腹胰岛素为(8·50±3·46)mU/L、空腹血糖为(5·70±2·27)mmol/L、胰岛素敏感指数为0·025±0·015;非肥胖患者空腹胰岛素为(5·45±0·54)mU/L、空腹血糖为(4·88±0·45)mmol/L,胰岛素敏感指数为0·044±0·026,以上两者比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·01,P<0·05)。结论按照ESHRE/ASRM诊断标准,35岁以下的育龄妇女是PCOS患者的主要群体;PCOS患者的稀发排卵、高雄激素征象、卵巢多囊表现等临床特征随年龄增长而变化;育龄期PCOS合并不孕、肥胖患者存在糖代谢改变,应重视其胰岛素抵抗现象。     

Serum Fetuin-A levels,insulin resistance and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

This study was designed to determine serum Fetuin-A levels and establish whether serum Fetuin-A level is related with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, ovarian hyperandrogenism and dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Twenty-two patients with PCOS and twenty-one healthy control women were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Serum Fetuin-A, lipid fractions, glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other hormone (gonadotropins, androgens) levels were measured. The estimate of insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). The women with PCOS had significantly higher serum fasting glucose, insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), MDA, Fetuin-A levels, and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR than healthy women. However, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and GSH levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS compared with controls. Fetuin-A was positively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and FAI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that FAI was strong predictor of serum Fetuin-A level. Serum Fetuin-A level was related with insulin resistance and ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. These results suggest that Fetuin-A may have a role in triggering the processes leading to insulin resistance and androgen excess in PCOS.     

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index ratio predicts a favorable metabolic profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Potential effect of hyperandrogenemia on metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has always been a matter of interest. We analyzed the records of 125 patients with PCOS and 54 age-matched healthy women. All participants underwent biochemical and hormonal assessment and a 75?g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. PCOS and control groups were comparable in terms of age. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index (DHEAS/FAI) ratio was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p?<?.001), fasting glucose (p?=?.02), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (p?=?.03), AUC of insulin (p?=?.001), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p?<?.001), and triglycerides (TG) (p?=?.009), and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (p?<?.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p?<?.001) among PCOS patients. In logistic regression analysis, higher DHEAS/FAI ratio levels were associated with lower risk of low HDL-C [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.95–0.98); p?<?.001] as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia (TG/HDL-C) [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.94–0.99); p?=?.035] even after adjustment for BMI in the PCOS group. Androgens, DHEAS and FAI act differently on metabolic parameters. Our results demonstrate that high DHEA-S/FAI ratio levels are associated with a more favorable metabolic profile.     

Effect of oral micronized progesterone on androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To determine whether the use of oral micronized progesterone (OMP) to induce withdrawal bleeding in women suspected of having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) alters circulating androgen levels.

Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Patient(s): Eight reproductive-aged women with PCOS.

Intervention(s): Blood was sampled before (week 0) and weekly after (weeks 1 to 4) the administration of OMP (Prometrium, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Marietta, GA), 100 mg in the morning and 200 mg before bedtime for 7 days.

Main Outcome Measure(s): The levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and androstenedione (A4) were determined in the blood samples.

Result(s): In seven of the eight women studied, menstrual cycle intervals were >3 months, while one was eumenorrheic; six of the eight women had hirsutism (modified Ferriman-Gallwey score >7). Mean age was 28.9 ± 10.4 years and mean body mass index was 33.9 ± 4.7 kg/m². The mean values of TT, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A4, and 17-OHP did not change with OMP administration. However, a higher 17-OHP level was observable at the completion of OMP administration (week 2).

Conclusion(s): We conclude that the administration of OMP (100 mg in the morning and 200 mg before bedtime for 7 days) to induce withdrawal bleeding in women with PCOS does not significantly alter circulating androgen or 17-OHP levels, and can be used to time blood sampling in these patients.     

Changes in serum androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

In order to study the changes in androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), serum androgen levels (testosterone [T], free-testosterone [free-T] and sex-hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) were measured and related to the incidence of menstrual abnormalities, obesity and hirsutism. Tests were made in 61 cases of PCOS identified by transvaginal ultrasound and in normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1) The PCOS group with menstrual irregularities had significantly higher levels of T and free-T than the control group, but SHBG levels were not significantly altered. 2) The obese group had significantly higher free-T levels than the non-obese group, and SHBG was significantly lowered. 3) There were significant correlations between the levels of obesity and free-T and SHBG. 4) T and free-T were moderately high in the hirsutism group and SHBG was moderately low, but not significantly so. These findings indicate that, in PCOS patients, serum androgen levels, especially free-T and SHBG, are closely related to menstrual irregularities and the level of obesity.     

Obesity regulates bioavailable testosterone levels in women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate [1] the effects of levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), albumin, and total testosterone on the distribution of testosterone between SHBG-bound and non-SHBG-bound fractions; [2] the independent effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and body mass index on serum levels of total testosterone, non-SHBG-bound testosterone, SHBG, and albumin; and [3] the usefulness of levels of total testosterone and non-SHBG-bound testosterone and of the free androgen index in the diagnosis of PCOS. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: An academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Forty-three women with oligomenorrhea and PCOS. Twenty-five women with regular menstrual cycles and without hirsutism served as controls. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Levels of non-SHBG-bound testosterone, total testosterone, SHBG, and albumin in serum. RESULT(S): Levels of total testosterone and non-SHBG-bound testosterone, and the free androgen index were higher in patients with PCOS than in healthy controls. PCOS did not have an effect on the levels of SHBG or albumin, or on the percentage of non-SHBG-bound testosterone. Levels of SHBG and albumin were inversely related to body mass index. The percentage and concentration of non-SHBG-bound testosterone and the free androgen index were directly related to body mass index. Hirsutism did not have an effect on any outcome measure. CONCLUSION(S): The distribution of total testosterone into SHBG-bound and non-SHBG-bound fractions is associated with body mass index, not with PCOS. The high levels of non-SHBG-bound testosterone and the high free androgen index in patients with PCOS reflect mainly high levels of total testosterone. Thus, the measurement of levels of non-SHBG-bound testosterone and the calculation of the free androgen index provide no further information in the diagnosis of PCOS beyond that provided by the measurement of levels of total testosterone.