烯丙基-β-环糊精毛细管电色谱整体柱分离愈创甘油醚对映体

目的:建立一种用毛细管电色谱拆分愈创甘油醚对映体的方法。方法:采用制备的烯丙基-β-环糊精手性毛细管整体柱,在电色谱模式下,对愈创甘油醚对映体进行手性分离,考察了流动相配比、背景电解质溶液pH、柱温及分离电压等因素对分离的影响。结果:在优化的实验条件下,愈创甘油醚对映体达到基线分离。结论:毛细管电色谱首次分离愈创甘油醚对映体,该方法操作简单,分离效果好。     

毛细管电色谱及其在手性药物分离中的应用

介绍了毛细管电色谱的研究进展 ,以各种手性选择剂的发展为线索介绍了毛细管电色谱手性分离的方法及应用 ,探讨了各种实验条件对分析结果的影响     

毛细管电谱法分离手性药物

毛细管电色谱（CEC）有机地结合了高效液相色谱的多选择性和毛细管电泳的高效性,是一种新型的微柱分离方法。本文综述了毛细管电色谱在手性分离方面的分离方式及其应用,并对影响手性分离的主要因素作了介绍。     

毛细管电色谱在分离手性化合物中的应用

毛细管电色谱（CEC）将高效毛细管电泳（HPCE）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）两者的优势有机结合起来,是一种新型的微分离技术.在此系统介绍了CEC在分离分析手性对映体上的主要分析方式,并对影响手性分离的主要因素作了介绍.     

开管型3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯纤维素衍生物键合手性毛细管电色谱柱的制备及应用

目的:制备键合型开管毛细管电色谱柱,用于手性药物分析。方法:合成了带有十一碳烯酰基的纤维素-三(3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯)衍生物,通过自由基聚合反应,将其键合于毛细管内壁,得到毛细管电色谱柱,并对手性药物进行色谱分离。结果:吡喹酮得到较好分离。结论:制备的毛细管柱对吡喹酮具有较好的识别能力,且柱效较高,对后续键合型开管毛细管电色谱柱的研究奠定了基础。     

分子印记技术在毛细管电色谱手性分离中的应用

分子印记技术是制备具有预定选择性分离介质的有效途径，其应用于毛细管电色谱(CEC)手性分离具高效及独特功用。综述分子印记技术的基本原理及其在CEC中的应用模式和实例。     

胶束动电毛细管色谱在旋光异构体拆分中的应用

胶束动电毛细管色谱是毛细管电泳发展的一个分支，主要适用于分析电中性样品，尤其在拆分旋光异构体方面，具有独特的优点，本文以胶束相的发展为线索，综述了胶束前电毛细管色谱在旋光异构体拆分中的应用。     

几种蝶呤类药物的毛细管电色谱分析研究

目的建立几种蝶呤类药物的毛细管电色谱分离方法。方法制备了十八烷基中性毛细管整体柱,应用于蝶呤类药物的毛细管电色谱分离。结果在最优条件下(乙腈-缓冲液∶40∶60,甲酸胺缓冲液pH=6.5,8mmol.L-1;分离电压-15kV),实现了蝶呤类药物在中性整体柱上的分离。结论毛细管电色谱技术对蝶呤类药物分离方法简单,效果良好。     

硫酸化环糊精在毛细管电泳手性拆分中的应用

综述近年来硫酸化环糊精在毛细管电泳手性药物拆分方面中的应用。对随机取代的硫酸化环糊精、单一异构体的硫酸化环糊精及多元环糊精体系的结构特点，及其在手性药物对映体拆分中的影响因素、条件优化和应用实例进行了讨论。硫酸化环糊精以良好的水溶性和强劲的手性识别能力应用于毛细管电泳的手性拆分，可使对映体获得较好的分离效果。     

纳米粒子在毛细管电泳手性药物拆分中的应用研究进展

目的阐述近年来纳米粒子在毛细管电泳手性药物拆分中的应用研究进展。方法归纳国内外最新的文献报道,对纳米粒子在毛细管电泳手性拆分领域的应用研究进展进行综述。结果纳米粒子用于毛细管电泳手性拆分,可以显著提高对映体的分离度和分离效率。结论纳米粒子因其特殊的物理化学性质,在毛细管电泳手性药物分离领域具有十分良好的发展前景。     

毛细管电色谱手性配体交换法检测生物样品中的硝基精氨酸异构体研究

目的：建立毛细管电色谱（CEC）分离检测生物样品中硝基精氨酸异构体的方法。方法：采用CEC手性配体交换模式检测血浆样品中D-硝基精氨酸（D—NNA）和L-硝基精氨酸（L—NNA），流动相为50mmol／L醋酸缓冲液[pH5．0，含2mmol／Laspartame，1mmol／L Cu^2＋和5％（v／v）甲醇]；流速为0．02mL／min；操作压为1000psi；检测波长为UV280nm。结果：L—NNA和D—NNA在0．025～0．75mmol／L的浓度范围内峰面积／浓度的相关系数均可达0．99以上，日内变异系数均小于3．0％，日间变异系数分别为3．1％和3．4％。结论：本研究方法具有快速、高分辨、检测样品量和流动相用量少等优点。     

In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells

There are increasing safety concerns about the development and abundant use of nanoparticles. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles result in different chemical and biological activities compared to their larger micron-sized counterparts, and can subsequently play an important role in influencing toxicity. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of commercially available TiO₂ nanoparticles with respect to their selected physicochemical properties, as well as the role of surface coating of these nanoparticles. While all types of tested TiO₂ samples decrease cell viability in a mass-based concentration- and size-dependent manner, the polyacrylate-coated nano-TiO₂ product was only cytotoxic at higher concentrations. A similar pattern of response was observed for induction of apoptosis/necrosis, and no DNA damage was detected in the polyacrylate-coated nano-TiO₂ model. Given the increasing production of TiO₂ nanoparticles, toxicological studies should take into account the physiochemical properties of these nanoparticles that may help researchers to develop new nanoparticles with minimum toxicity.     

Strategies for rapid chiral analysis by capillary electrophoresis

The aim of this study was to investigate four strategies to decrease chiral CE analysis time: (1) short-end injection technique, (2) high electric field through a capillary length reduction, (3) external pressure application and (4) capillary dynamically coated to generate an important electroosmotic flow. These approaches were applied for a simultaneous enantiomeric separation of amphetamine and four related compounds using a neutral derivatised cyclodextrin (hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin) as chiral selector. Analysis time and CE performances, in terms of peak efficiency and resolution, were examined. Among the investigated strategies, the dynamic coating procedure appeared to be the most suitable approach to decrease analysis time (inferior to 7 min) and improve sensitivity. Furthermore, it exhibited very good migration time repeatability (0.1%). This benefit is of utmost interest in chiral analysis for an unambiguous peak identification, especially for a complex mixture such as reported in this study.     

Application of avidin-phospholipid vesicle complex as the stationary phase for chiral separation in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

In the present study, we developed a novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic method using avidin-phospholipidvesicle complex as the stationary phase for chiral separation of mexiletine hydrochloride. The avidin immobilized on the phospholipid vesicle consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) and L-α-phosphatidyl-L-serine (PS) (80:20, mg%) was coated in the capillary. The homogeneity and separation performance of the coating were evaluated in terms of phospholipid vesicle characterization and the resolution of D,L-Tryptophan. As for mexiletine hydrochloride, four vital parameters affecting the separation efficiency of coating capillary, including buffer type, buffer pH, buffer concentration and the applied voltage, were studied in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the enantiomers could be separated well with good resolution. All the satisfactory results indicated that this method using avidin-phospholipid vesicle complex as the stationary phase was suitable and feasible, which had great potential in pharmaceutical separation of enantiomers.     

Capillary Electrophoresis in Pharmaceutical Analysis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a separation technique particularly suited to the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. This review offers a detailed discussion of the four common modes of detection coupled to CE—UV absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry—and gives examples of the use of these methods in pharmaceutical analyses. Sample preparation and pretreatment techniques used for CE separations are described, as well as methods of preconcentration including hydrophobic retention, affinity concentration, sample stacking, and isotachophoresis. The use of affinity CE, chiral CE, and capillary gel electrophoresis for analysis of pharmaceuticals is covered in detail, and recent advances in capillary electrochromatography and CE on a chip are also discussed.     

大环抗生素作毛细管电泳手性选择剂的研究进展

大环抗生素是近年来运用并发展起来的一类非常有效的新型手性选择剂,对各种不同的外消旋体表现出极佳的手性分离能力。本文以不同类型的抗生素分别综述了国内外大环抗生素作为毛细管电泳手性选择剂的应用、影响手性分离的因素、大环抗生素结构特征和可能的手性识别机理,以期为正确预测电泳条件、可分离物质的类型、对映体分离的数量级及洗脱顺序等提供有价值的信息,并为寻找或设计新的具有高分离能力的手性选择试剂提供一定的理论指导。     

手性药物高效毛细管电泳拆分方法的研究进展

高效毛细管电泳法（high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE）在手性药物拆分领域得到了广泛的应用。目前,手性离子液体用于毛细管电泳拆分手性药物时,常与环糊精（CD）类手性选择剂构成二元体系产生协同作用,增强了手性离子液体潜在的手性拆分能力。依据对映体拆分的手性选择剂的种类及浓度、缓冲液的浓度和pH、电泳工作电压和温度,选出手性拆分的最佳条件。综述手性药物的发展以及应用HPCE拆分手性药物的文献资料,并对其研究的新进展作了分析。     

Categorization framework to aid hazard identification of nanomaterials

The physical, chemical and biological properties of various nanomaterials differ substantially – as do the potential risks they pose. We argue that nanomaterials must be categorized based on the location of the nanoscale structure in the system/material before their hazards can be assessed and propose a categorization framework that enables scientists and regulators to identify the categories of nanomaterials systematically. The framework is applied to a suggested hazard identification approach aimed at identifying causality between inherent physical and chemical properties and observed adverse effects reported in the literature. We tested the workability of the proposed procedure using nanoparticles as an illustrative case study. A database was generated noting the reported inherent physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles tested and the main effects observed. 428 studies were noted in the database reporting on a total of 965 nanoparticles. We found that although a limited number of studies have been reported on ecotoxicity, more than 120 and 270 have been reported on mammalian toxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. In general there was a lack of characterization of the nanoparticles studied and it was not possible to link specific properties of nanoparticles to the observed effects. Our study shows that future research strategies must have a strong focus on characterization of the nanoparticles tested.