缺血性卒中相关代谢综合征及其成分分析

目的分析缺血性卒中相关代谢综合征及其成分,并探讨其对缺血性卒中的影响。方法分别记录和测量954例缺血性卒中患者和768例其他神经系统疾病患者性别、年龄、体重指数、腹围、血压(收缩压和舒张压)、血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h后血糖和代谢综合征发生率,单因素和多因素后退法Logistic回归分析探讨代谢综合征及其成分作为缺血性卒中的危险因素。结果缺血性卒中组患者年龄(t=5.766,P=0.000)、体重指数(t=2.320,P=0.011)、女性腹围(t=2.021,P=0.020)、收缩压(t=3.790,P=0.000)、甘油三酯(t=2.766,P=0.003)、空腹血糖(t=3.391,P=0.000)、OGTT试验2 h后血糖(t=2.439,P=0.008)高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组(t=1.967,P=0.024);缺血性卒中组患者代谢综合征发生率高于对照组[61.01%(582/954)对21.88%(168/768);χ~2=44.168,P=0.000],且缺血性卒中组女性患者代谢综合征发生率高于男性[74.68%(354/474)对47.50%(228/480);χ~2=74.082,P=0.000]。Logistic回归分析显示,代谢综合征(OR=5.122,95%CI:3.012～8.718;P=0.000)以及年龄(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.011～1.069;P=0.007)、体重指数(OR=2.465,95%CI:1.045～5.812;P=0.018)、腹围(OR=2.825,95%CI:1.359～5.878;P=0.005)、血压(OR=4.988,95%CI:2.416～10.297;P=0.000)、甘油三酯(OR=2.272,95%CI:1.161～4.449;P=0.017)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=2.510,95%CI:1.160～5.428;P=0.019)、OGTT试验2 h后血糖(OR=4.040,95%CI:1.923～8.483;P=0.000)、空腹血糖(OR=3.193,95%CI:1.479～6.894;P=0.003)是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素。结论代谢综合征及其成分均是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素,针对性地干预代谢综合征及其成分是预防和治疗缺血性卒中的重要措施。     

体重指数和腹围指数对缺血性卒中部位和病因的影响

目的探讨体重指数(BMI)和腹围指数(AGI)对缺血性卒中部位和病因的影响,以判断二者能否预测缺血性卒中病因和发病机制。方法共185例急性缺血性卒中患者和性别、年龄、既往史相匹配的155例正常对照者,测量身高和体重并计算体重指数,测量腹围并计算腹围指数,进行英国牛津郡社区脑卒中项目(OCSP)分型和TOAST分型。结果缺血性卒中患者超重(BMI 24.00~27.90 kg/m~2)亚组(t=2.060,P=0.000)和肥胖(BMI≥28 kg/m~2)亚组(t=2.315,P=0.000)体重指数均高于正常对照者,腹围异常(AGI1 cm/kg)亚组腹围指数高于正常对照者(t=1.021,P=0.000)。185例急性缺血性卒中患者据OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死型(TACI型)10例(5.41%)、部分前循环梗死型(PACI型)81例(43.78%)、腔隙性梗死型(LACI型)56例(30.27%)和后循环梗死型(POCI型)38例(20.54%);不同体重指数患者仅PACI型比例差异有统计学意义(H=7.041,P=0.011),24.00~27.90 kg/m~2亚组PACI型比例高于18.50 kg/m~2亚组(Z=4.823,P=0.028)、18.50~23.90 kg/m~2亚组(Z=3.157,P=0.026)和≥28 kg/m~2亚组(Z=2.076,P=0.015);不同腹围指数患者仅POCI型比例1 cm/kg亚组高于≤1 cm/kg亚组(χ~2=6.624,P=0.010)。据TOAST分型分为大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA型)59例(31.89%)、小动脉闭塞型(SAO型)57例(30.81%)、心源性栓塞型(CE型)32例(17.30%)、其他明确病因型(SOE型)17例(9.19%)和不明病因型(SUE型)20例(10.81%);不同体重指数患者LAA型(H=21.597,P=0.000)和SAO型(H=29.908,P=0.000)比例差异具有统计学意义,其中,≥28 kg/m~2亚组LAA型比例高于18.50 kg/m~2亚组(Z=9.263,P=0.020)、18.50~23.90 kg/m~2亚组(Z=18.780,P=0.000)和24.00~27.90 kg/m~2亚组(Z=6.817,P=0.009),18.50~23.90 kg/m~2亚组SAO型比例高于18.50 kg/m~2亚组(Z=7.404,P=0.007)、24.00~27.90 kg/m~2亚组(Z=22.849,P=0.000)以及≥28 kg/m~2亚组(Z=12.025,P=0.001);不同腹围指数患者1 cm/kg亚组LAA型比例高于(χ~2=11.461,P=0.001)、SOE型比例低于(χ~2=4.558,P=0.033)≤1 cm/kg亚组。结论体重指数和腹围指数均可以影响缺血性卒中部位和病因,可以用于预测缺血性卒中病因和发病机制。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者新诊断的糖代谢异常的影响因素

目的研究急性缺血性脑卒中患者新诊断的糖代谢异常的影响因素。方法 120例无糖尿病史的急性缺血性脑卒中患者按类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(TOAST)亚型分类标准,分为大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(LAA)、小动脉闭塞性卒中(SAO)、心源性栓塞(CES)和不明原因的缺血性卒中(UND)亚组。在发病1周后,给患者进行葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),出现糖调节受损(IGR)或糖尿病为糖代谢异常。并对有关指标进行比较,以及行多因素Logistic分析。结果本组患者中糖代谢正常68例(56.7%),糖代谢异常52例(43.3%),其中IGR 38例(31.7%)、糖尿病14例(11.7%)。LAA亚组糖代谢异常的比率(63.8%)明显高于其他亚组(27.3%~31.4%)(均P0.05);其他亚组间的差异无统计学意义。糖代谢异常组的年龄及高脂血症和有糖尿病家族史的比率明显高于糖代谢正常组(P0.05~0.01)。多因素Logistic分析示,高脂血症(OR=1.671,95%CI:1.208~2.311,P=0.012)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.421,95%CI:1.114~1.813,P=0.042)和LAA型(OR=2.825,95%CI:1.706-4.674,P=0.023)是缺血性脑卒中新诊断糖代谢异常的独立危险因素。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者的新诊断糖代谢异常率较高,高脂血症、糖尿病家族史及LAA亚型是其独立危险因素。     

后循环缺血性脑卒中患者尿酸水平及其他相关危险因素的研究

目的探讨尿酸是否为后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011-02—2017-03入住江苏大学附属医院(江滨医院)神经内科的1 843例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,依据不同梗死部位分为后循环缺血性脑卒中组(658例)和前循环缺血性脑卒中组(1 185例)。采集前后循环缺血性脑卒中患者的相关资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示,2组空腹血糖、尿酸和糖化血红蛋白差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,2组空腹血糖(OR=1.070,P=0.030,95%CI 1.009～1.136)和尿酸(OR=1.299,P=0.034,95%CI 1.198～1.800)差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且空腹血糖高和高尿酸为后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论高尿酸可能是后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立预测危险因素。     

癌症相关缺血性卒中临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤患者发生缺血性卒中的影响因素、生化指标、病因,以及影像学特点,以提高临床认识。方法收集2018年4月至2019年1月收治的693例缺血性卒中患者临床资料,比较缺血性卒中伴活动性癌症组(癌症组,31例)与传统急性缺血性卒中不伴癌症组(对照组,662例)入院时社会人口学数据、脑卒中危险因素、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,血小板计数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、C-反应蛋白水平,扩散加权成像(DWI)显示的梗死灶特点[急性多发性缺血病变(AMIMCT)],记录癌症组患者肿瘤类型及组织学分型差异。采用单因素和多因素后退法Logistic回归分析癌症相关缺血性卒中的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,癌症组患者年龄偏高(χ~2=2.148,P=0.032),高血压(χ~2=5.425,P=0.020)和高脂血症(Fisher确切概率法:P=0.000)比例低;血清D-二聚体(Z=2687.500,P=0.001)、纤维蛋白原(t=2.402,P=0.022)和C-反应蛋白(Z=3669.000,P=0.001)水平升高。两组TOAST分型差异具有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法:P=0.000),与对照组相比,癌症组大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)型比例较低(Fisher确切概率法:P=0.000),不明病因(SUE)型比例较高(χ~2=175.418,P=0.000);而AMIMCT比例较高(χ~2=22.560,P=0.000)。多因素后退法Logistic回归分析显示,癌症组患者缺乏高脂血症病史(OR=0.188,95%CI:0.048～0.730;P=0.016),而SUE型(OR=29.854,95%CI:10.310～86.449;P=0.000)以及高水平的血清D-二聚体(OR=1.663,95%CI:1.294～2.137;P=0.000)和纤维蛋白原(OR=1.785,95%CI:1.294～2.137;P=0.000)是其危险因素。结论癌症相关缺血性卒中患者常缺乏大动脉粥样硬化证据,血清D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平升高,以及SUE型提示此类患者可能存在高凝状态和栓塞机制。     

基于CT灌注成像评估侧支循环在急性缺血性脑卒中取栓前后脑梗死进展及预后评估中的应用

目的探讨基于CT灌注成像(CTP)评估的侧支循环对急性前循环大动脉闭塞患者取栓前后脑梗死进展及临床预后的影响。方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院神经内科自2018年5月至2019年9月收治的110例发病24 h以内的急性前循大动脉闭塞患者的资料。所有患者均完成取栓手术,采用区域性软脑膜侧支(rLMC)评分对四维CT血管造影(4D-CTA)上的全时相融合像(tMIP)进行侧支循环评估;根据CTP的核心脑梗死体积和术后1周内头颅MR的DWI影像结果,计算进展梗死体积;采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者术后3个月时预后情况。结果(1)侧支循环好组患者56例,侧支循环差组患者54例。年龄(OR=0.951,95%CI:0.910~0.993,P=0.023)、心功能不全(OR=0.116,95%CI:0.018~0.731,P=0.022)、基线空腹血糖(OR=0.788,95%CI:0.646~0.961,P=0.019)、觉醒性卒中(OR=0.093,95%CI:0.023~0.380,P=0.001)及颈内动脉段闭塞(OR=7.604,95%CI:2.650~21.821,P=0.000)是侧支循环的独立影响因素。(2)侧支循环评分(95%CI:-2.947~-1.474,P=0.000)、缺血半暗带体积(95%CI:0.065~0.126,P=0.000)、脑组织水肿评分(95%CI:2.952~7.600,P=0.000)、出血转化(95%CI:8.966~23.114,P=0.000)及24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(95%CI:0.606~1.248,P=0.000)是进展梗死体积的独立影响因素。(3)预后良好组患者共59例,预后不良组患者共51例。出血转化(OR=0.019,95%CI:0.001~0.275,P=0.004)及进展梗死体积(OR=0.824,95%CI:0.756~0.897,P=0.000)是急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者远期预后的独立影响因素。结论基于4D-CTA的rLMC侧支循环评分对发病24 h内急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者的进展梗死体积有良好的预测作用,并可通过进展梗死体积进一步预测患者预后。     

首发缺血性卒中后再发不同类型卒中预测因素的回归性分析

目的 探讨首发缺血性卒中患者再发卒中的类型及与相关危险因素之间的关系.方法 收集2004年1月至2009年12月在我院神经科住院诊治的再发率中患者361例.患者的首发卒中类型必须为缺血性卒中,收集并记录患者的吸烟、大量饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心脏病、头颅外伤、偏头痛、心血管疾病家族史及相关药物使用史.通过Logistic多因素回归分析确定与再发卒中类型和部位相关的独立危险因素.结果 361例首发缺血性卒中患者中,有321例复发卒中类型为缺血性卒中,其中前循环梗死234例,后循环梗死75例,其余12例为前后循环分水岭梗死或前后循环多发性梗死;余40例患者复发卒中类型为颅内出血.Logistic多因素回归分析显示首发卒中年龄较大(OR=1.036,95％ CI 1.006 ～1.067,P=0.02)及合并高脂血症(OR=2.253,95％ CI 1.092 ～4.647,P=0.028)为复发缺血性卒中的独立危险因素.在亚组分析中,Logistic多因素回归分析显示心房颤动史(OR =4.217,95％ CI 1.489～11.942,P=0.007)为复发梗死位于后循环的独立危险因素.结论 年龄及高脂血症是预测首发缺血性脑梗死后再发缺血性卒中的独立预测因子,这一结果有助于临床医生评估首发缺血性卒中患者再发卒中的可能类型,从而适当调整二级预防措施.     

急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓术后预后影响因素分析

目的筛查急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后相关影响因素。方法 2018年1月至2019年7月共117例急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者行血管内机械取栓术(包括支架取栓术、抽吸取栓术、支架取栓术联合抽吸取栓术),单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查术后预后不良危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.013～1.113;P=0.012)、既往糖尿病(OR=3.074,95%CI:1.023～9.240;P=0.045)、入院时高NIHSS评分(OR=1.143,95%CI:1.043～1.252;P=0.004)、责任血管为椎-基底动脉(OR=11.151,95%CI:2.877～43.079;P=0.000)是急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后不良的危险因素。结论高龄,既往糖尿病、入院时高NIHSS评分、后循环缺血性卒中的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者血管内机械取栓术后预后不良。     

代谢综合征与缺血性脑卒中患者转归不良的相关性研究

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)与缺血性脑卒中患者转归不良的相关性。方法收集2015年1月~2016年4月在新疆奎屯第七师医院神经内科收治的427例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料。根据发病后90 d mRS评分将患者分为转归不良组和转归良好组。采用多因素Logistic回归进行MS与缺血性脑卒中转归不良的相关性分析。结果转归不良组NIHSS评分≥15分、后循环梗死、肺部感染和MS的比例均高于转归良好组(均P0.05);NIHSS评分≥15分(OR=8.615,95%CI:5.305~13.991,P=0.000)、MS(OR=2.226,95%CI:1.373~3.609,P=0.001)是转归不良的独立危险因素。结论 NIHSS评分≥15分和MS都是缺血性脑卒中患者转归不良的独立危险因素。     

缺血性卒中合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对血压节律影响的临床研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)对血压节律的影响,从而更好地控制血压、预防脑卒中.方法 选择符合纳入条件的受试者分为缺血性卒中合并OSAS组(合并症组)、缺血性卒中组和正常对照组,经详细询问病史、影像学检查、血压和多导睡眠图监测,评价高血压患病率以及睡前和晨起血压水平.结果 (1)合并症组和缺血性卒中组患者高血压和难治性高血压患病率(P=0.000,0.000)均高于对照组,其中缺血性卒中组以收缩压升高为主(P=0.000,0.002)、合并症组以舒张压升高为主(P=0.002,0.042),两组收缩压和舒张压均升高的患病率均高于对照组(P=0.000,0.045).(2)合并症组患者睡前和晨起高血压患病率均高于对照组(P=0.000,0.000),且晨起高血压患病率高于缺血性卒中组(P=0.000);而缺血性卒中组仅睡前高血压患病率高于对照组(P=0.002).(3)合并症组和缺血性卒中组患者睡前(P=0.000,0.020)和晨起(P=0.000,0.004)收缩压均高于对照组,合并症组患者睡前(P=0.000,0.000)和晨起(P=0.000,0.000)舒张压则分别高于缺血性卒中组和对照组;仅合并症组患者睡前和晨起舒张压之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 缺血性卒中患者以单纯收缩压升高为主要表现,合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征后则易导致收缩压和舒张压同时升高,使血压昼夜节律发生变化.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素. 方法 选择行DSA检查的334例缺血性脑血管病患者,根据颈内动脉颅外段血管走行分为血管折曲组(血管成角小于90°定义为血管折曲,110例)和血管无折曲组(血管成角大于90°或盘曲成环状定义为血管无折曲,224例),根据患者年龄分为青年组(18～45岁)、中年组(46～64岁)和老年组(≥65岁).对于可能影响患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素,如性别、年龄、身高、颈动脉狭窄程度和脑血管病危险因素等进行统计学分析. 结果 单因素分析发现,患者年龄、高血压病史、吸烟史、酗酒史、身高、性别比例在血管折曲组和血管无折曲组中差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);logistic回归分析显示,高血压病史(OR=2.546,95%CI:1.376～4.712,P=0.003)、年龄(以18～45岁为参照组,46～64岁组OR=2.610,95%CI:1.056～6.452,P=0.038;≥65岁组OR=2.929,95%CI:1.159～7.401,P=0.023)与患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲有明显相关性. 结论 高血压病史和年龄是缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的重要影响因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of kinking of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) in patients with transient ischemic attack. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease performed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were chosen; they were divided into 2 groups according to vascular morphology through DSA detection: kinking group (angulation smaller than 90°, n=110) and non-kinking group (angulation larger than 90°, n=224). According to the age, the patients were divided into youth group (18-45 years old),middle age group (46-64 years old) and elderly group (older than 65 years old). The influencing factors which may be related to the kinking of EICA, including gender, age, height and stenosis degree, and the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases were statistically analyzed. Results Univariate analysis found that the kinking group and non-kinking group on the ratio of age, gender, height, and histories of hypertension, smoking and drinking were significantly different (P＜0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the kinking of EICA was obviously correlated to the history of hypertension (OR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.376-4.712, P=0.003) and age (taking youth group as reference group, middle age group:OR=2.610, 95% CI: 1.056-6.452, P=0.038, elderly group: OR=2.929, 95% CI: 1.159-7.401, P=0.023).Conclusion The history of hypertension and age are identified as independent predictors for kinking of EICA in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.     

颈动脉迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的相关性研究

目的 探讨颈动脉迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的相关性。 方法 采用头颈部CTA检查测量2018年1-6月100例前循环动脉瘤住院患者与同期100例无颅内动 脉瘤住院患者的颈总动脉（common carotid artery,CCA）迂曲指数（tortuosity index,TI）、颈内动脉 （internal carotid artery,ICA）TI、颈动脉夹角（ICA角）等指标,来衡量颈动脉的迂曲程度。Pearson相关 分析CCA TI、ICA TI、ICA角与一般危险因素的关系,使用单因素及多因素逐步Logistic回归分析颈动脉 迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的关系。 结果 前循环动脉瘤组高脂血症病史（43% vs 58%,P =0.034）、缺血性卒中病史（39% vs 58%, P =0.007）比例低于对照组,而C CA TI（1.409±0.135 vs 1.352±0.137,P =0.004）、I CA TI （1.592±0.186 vs 1.523±0.149,P =0.005）、ICA角（46.450°±6.465°vs 44.303°±6.409°,P =0.016） 均高于对照组。前循环动脉瘤组CCA TI与冠心病病史正相关（r =0.220,P =0.027）,ICA TI与男性正相 关（r =0.244,P =0.025）。I CA TI（OR 4.694,95%CI 0.999～1.099,P =0.018）、I CA角（OR 1.052,95%CI 1.389～23.308,P =0.039）是前循环动脉瘤的独立危险因素,而缺血性卒中史患者较少发生动脉瘤 （OR 0.569,95%CI 0.313～1.017,P =0.045）。 结论 颈内动脉迂曲程度与男性相关,颈总动脉迂曲程度与冠心病病史相关,颈动脉迂曲程度是前 循环动脉瘤形成的独立危险因素,而缺血性卒中史患者较少发生动脉瘤。     

成都卒中登记方法及3123例患者基本特征和功能结局

目的 探讨卒中登记方法、了解卒中患者基本特征和功能结局.方法 前瞻性、连续性登记自2002年3月1日起在四川大学华西医院神经内科住院的卒中患者.由统一培训的专科医师填写卒中登记表,登记患者临床特点、住院诊治情况,并随访各时点结局(发病后7d,1、3、6和12个月末的死亡和残疾).结果 纳入自2002年3月1日至2006年8月31日连续性登记的卒中患者共3123例.其中65.5％来自城区,34.5％来自农村.年龄14～98(63.05±17.98)岁,男性占60.3％,住院期间完成头颅CT和(或)MRI者占97％(3028/3123).2002年3月至2004年9月纳入各类卒中患者共1804例.其中缺血性卒中62.1％ (1120/1804),脑出血 28.4％(513/1804),蛛网膜下腔出血4.0％ (72/1804),TIA 5.5％ (99/1804).2004年10月后未纳入蛛网膜下腔出血和TIA患者.入院时中位NIHSS评分脑出血患者8(3 ～ 15)分,脑梗死5(2 ～10)分.糖尿病(OR=2.427,95％ CI1.811 ～3.253,P=0.000)、房颤(OR =6.121,95％ CI3.535 ～ 10.60,P=0.000)、冠心病(OR=4.144,95％ CI2.944～5.832,P=0.000)、TIA史(OR =4.342,95％ CI1.726 ～ 10.92,P=0.001)发生比例脑梗死组高于脑出血组,而饮酒史脑梗死组低于脑出血组(OR=0.740,95％ CI0.611 ～0.896,P=0.002).缺血性卒中患者溶栓占0.9％(20例),抗血小板治疗83.0％,甘露醇23.5％,神经保护剂(胞二磷胆碱)68.1％,中成药89.7％.7d和1个月病死率脑出血组分别为10.7％和13.9％,脑梗死组分别为3.0％和5.2％.3、6及12个月死亡或残疾率脑出血组分别为40.4％、40.3％和38.9％;脑梗死组分别为37.1％、35.0％和33.4％.结论 本研究是国内目前报告的最大样本、最长时间的前瞻性连续性单中心卒中登记项目,提供了深入研究卒中临床特点的重要平台;本组患者病情偏轻,近期病死率及远期病死或残疾率低于国外,中国卒中防治的干预性临床试验设计应注意考虑这些特点.     

Correlation of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Tortuosity Index and Intraprocedural Complications during Carotid Artery Stenting

Background: To investigate the correlation between tortuosity of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) and intraprocedural complications in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: The study included 244 EICA in 223 patients undergoing CAS. Tortuosity in EICA was measured by the tortuosity index (TI). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the independent risk factors of vasospasm during CAS. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to identify the cut-off of TI to predict vasospasm. Results: During the 244 CAS, 71 EICA presented vasospasm and 114 CAS presented hypotension. High TI, long procedural duration and female are independent risk factors for vasospasm during CAS. TI of 118 was the optimal cut-off to predict vasospasm during CAS (sensitivity: 85.9%, specificity: 78.6%). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that TI is positively correlated with procedural duration (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in TI between the hypotension and non-hypotension groups (p = 0.145). Conclusion: TI is an independent risk factor for vasospasm during CAS and a TI ≥118 has the high sensitivity and specificity to predict vasospasm. Our results indicate the value of assessing tortuosity of EICA prior to choosing or performing the procedure in patients with carotid stenosis or occlusion.     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄的血流动力学研究

目的探讨动态磁敏感对比增强灌注成像(DSC-PWI)在颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术中的应用价值,为颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄和(或)闭塞提供脑血流灌注变化的影像学证据。方法共76例行单侧颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术患者,分别于术前1个月和术后1周内行头部MRI常规和DSC-PWI检查,观察手术前后基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)大脑中动脉供血区脑血流动力学变化[包括相对脑血流量(r CBF)、相对脑血容量(r CBV)、相对平均通过时间(r MTT)和相对达峰时间(r TTP)]。结果术后患侧基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)r CBF均较术前升高(P=0.000,0.001);仅基底节区层面r CBV较术前升高(P=0.021);基底节区层面和半卵圆中心层面r MTT(P=0.000,0.000)和r TTP(P=0.000,0.000)均较术前降低。结论颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术可以改善大脑中动脉供血区脑血流灌注。DSC-PWI能够完成对脑缺血区域血流动力学的评价,是评价手术疗效和动态观察脑血流动力学变化的最佳无创性技术。     

急性缺血性卒中患者认知功能障碍影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者认知功能障碍的影响因素。 方法 选取急性缺血性卒中患者氧化应激水平临床观察研究（Study on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke,SOS-Stroke）的3285例患者作为研究对象,采用简易智力状态检查量表 （mini-mental state examination,MMSE）测定患者认知功能,急性缺血性卒中患者认知功能障碍的影响 因素采用多因素Logistic回归进行分析。 结果 该研究人群中有869例（26.45%）患有认知功能障碍,患者的年龄、性别、居住地、教育程度、 运动情况、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分对 急性缺血性卒中后认知功能障碍的影响有统计学意义。高脂血症[比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.38,95% 可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.01～1.89,P =0.043] 、女性（OR 1.30,95%CI 1.04～1.63,P =0.020）、 NIHSS评分高（OR 1.26,95%CI 1.24～1.30,P <0.001）、居住于农村（OR 1.25,95%CI 1.02～1.53, P =0.026）及高龄（OR 1.03,95%CI 1.02～1.04,P <0.001）是急性缺血性卒中患者认知功能障碍的危 险因素,高教育水平（OR 0.77,95%CI 0.63～0.92,P =0.015）和经常运动（OR 0.80,95%CI 0.66～0.97, P =0.020）是其保护因素。 结论 应综合考虑急性缺血性卒中患者认知功能障碍的影响因素。     

Association of lacunar infarcts with small artery and large artery disease: a comparative study

OBJECTIVES: Patients with lacunar infarcts (LI) and ipsilateral large artery disease (LAD) greater than 50% must be classified according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria as strokes of undetermined etiology. The purpose of this study was to compare the vascular risk factors, clinical symptoms, and outcome characteristics of LI associated with LAD with those patients with LI who fulfilled the TOAST criteria of small artery disease (SAD). METHODS: Among 1754 consecutive first ever stroke patients admitted to our department, we analyzed age, gender, vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, arterial peripheral disease, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, alcohol, or illicit drug use), clinical data (motor or sensitive deficit and presence of dysarthria), and outcome (hospitalization length, in-hospital medical complications rate, need of rehabilitation, treatment at discharge, in-hospital mortality, and modified Rankin Scale at discharge) of those patients classified as LI associated with LAD as compared with those with SAD. RESULTS: After a strict application of the TOAST criteria, we found 144 patients with LI associated with SAD and 73 patients with LI associated with LAD. Univariate analysis showed statistical differences in gender (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23-0.89; P = 0.014), past history of ischemic heart disease (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13-0.78; P = 0.004), and smoking (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31-1.04; P = 0.048). After logistic regression analysis only ischemic heart disease (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11-0.78; P = 0.013), and gender (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28-0.98; P = 0.05) showed statistical differences. During the follow-up, six patients (all with LI associated with LAD) experienced stroke recurrences (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.26-0.39; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 1) There are no differences in clinical presentation and in-hospital outcome between patients with LI associated with SAD and patients with LI associated with LAD. 2) Risk factors are very similar in both groups, and the only differences observed (gender and ischemic heart disease) are related to the atherosclerotic factor. 3) Stroke recurrence seems to be more frequent in LI associated with LAD than in LI associated with SAD, but large follow-up studies are needed to be able to decide whether clinical recurrence of stroke allows to differentiate both clinical entities.     

柱状球囊扩张术治疗脑卒中后食管上括约肌失弛缓致重度吞咽障碍临床研究

目的探讨柱状球囊扩张术治疗脑卒中后食管上括约肌失弛缓致重度吞咽障碍患者的作用机制及效果。方法共64例脑卒中后食管上括约肌失弛缓致重度吞咽障碍患者,随机接受脑卒中常规药物治疗和常规吞咽康复训练(对照组,32例)以及在此基础上联合柱状球囊扩张术(治疗组,32例),分别于治疗前和治疗终点或治疗4周时行吞咽动作影像学、食管上括约肌动力学和吞咽障碍程度评分。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者静息压(P=0.000)和残留压(P=0.000)降低、峰值压力升高(P=0.000)、松弛持续时间延长(P=0.000),吞咽障碍程度评分升高(P=0.000,0.000);与对照组相比,治疗后治疗组患者静息压(P=0.001)和残留压(P=0.000)降低、峰值压力升高(P=0.002)、松弛持续时间延长(P=0.000),吞咽障碍程度评分升高(P=0.000)。至治疗终点或治疗4周时,治疗组总有效率高于对照组[93.75%(30/32)对81.25%(26/32);χ~2=4.010,P=0.000]。结论柱状球囊扩张术有助于降低食管上括约肌张力、缓解痉挛,对食管上括约肌失弛缓具有明显的针对性治疗作用。     

Angiotensin converting enzyme (I/D) gene polymorphism contributes to ischemic stroke risk in Caucasian individuals: a meta-analysis based on 22 case-control studies

Background: Stroke is a multifactorial disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Previous studies associated angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (insertion/deletion, I/D) gene polymorphism with ischemic stroke risk in Caucasian individuals reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between ACE (I/D) gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk by a meta-analysis. Methods: The related studies were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and HuGEnet databases. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke risk associated with this polymorphism were estimated using fixed-effect or random-effects model. Twenty-two studies (5528/5081 cases/controls) were eligible in our meta-analysis. Results: Overall, statistical associations of the ACE (I/D) polymorphism with ischemic stroke risk were found in dominant model (DD + ID versus II) : OR = 1.21, 95% CI = (1.06,1.38), P = 0.006, recessive model (DD versus ID + II): OR = 1.28, 95% CI = (1.05,1.55), P = 0.01, and homozygote comparison (DD versus II): OR = 1.37, 95% CI = (1.14,1.65), P = 0.001 for Caucasians. When stratifying according to stroke subtypes, there were similarly significant differences for small vessel disease in dominant model (DD + ID versus II) : OR = 1.44, 95% CI = (1.01,2.05), P = 0.04, recessive model (DD versus ID + II): OR = 1.30,95% CI = (1.09,1.55), P = 0.004, and homozygote comparison (DD versus II): OR = 1.44, 95% CI = (1.15,1.80), P = 0.001. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that the ACE (I/D) polymorphism may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke, genotype DD of ACE could increase the risk of ischemic stroke in Caucasians. Subgroup analyses indicate that stroke subtypes may be a genetic risk factor of ischemic stroke, and there might be a greater genetic liability with small vessel disease.     

血浆粘度与小动脉闭塞型脑梗死的相关性究

目的研究血浆粘度(PV)与急性脑梗死及不同卒中亚型之间的关系。方法收集2013年8月至2014年8月在河北省人民医院院神经内科被诊断为急性脑梗死的住院患者,入选120例,分为大动脉粥样硬化组(n=44)、小动脉闭塞组(n=40)、心源性脑栓塞组(n=36),以血浆粘度作为研究变量。结果分析发现急性脑梗死患者血浆粘度[1.36(1.35~1.38)]和无缺血性卒中患者的血浆粘度[1.32(1.27~1.34)]相比显著增高(P0.05)。小动脉闭塞型卒中患者的血浆粘度[1.42(1.39~1.45)]和大动脉粥样硬化组[1.33(1.31~1.35)]以及心源性脑栓塞组[1.35(1.33~1.37)]相比显著增高(P0.05)。而且血浆粘度的增高与小动脉闭塞型脑梗死的发生密切相关(OR=6.33)。结论急性缺血性卒中患者血浆粘度明显增高且血浆粘度增高与小动脉闭塞型脑梗死密切相关,可能在小动脉闭塞型脑梗死发生和发展中发挥重要作用。