经皮肝穿刺内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻52例报告

目的总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效及其经验。方法在DSA下对52例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内置入金属内支架治疗。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果52例患者中,45例植入单支支架于肝总管和(或)胆总管,7例植入2支以上支架于总管和分支胆管,其中2例为肝内胆管支架再狭窄后的重新植入。52例患者术前血清胆红素(236.25±112.27)μmol/L,术后2周复查血清胆红素下降到(120.40±51.20)μmol/L(P<0.01),并发症5例(9.62%)。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术是治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的有效的治疗方法。     

介入疗法治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸42例

目的探讨介入疗法对恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的治疗效果。方法入组42例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流术(PTCD)和(或)裸金属内支架置入术,在胆道内置入内外引流管和(或)裸金属内支架,进行引流胆汁的姑息性治疗。结果全组42例患者经皮肝穿刺胆管术均一次成功,成功率100%。术后2周,血清总胆红素水平明显下降,肝功能明显改善。本组患者平均生存期为9个月,最长可达20个月。结论介入疗法对恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸是一种有效的姑息性治疗手段。     

胆管支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸５３例分析

目的　观察经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及不良反应。方法　５３例恶性胆道梗阻患者采用经皮肝穿刺置入胆管支架治疗,术前及术后１周复查血清总胆红素、直接胆红素。２２例患者行肝动脉栓塞化疗（ＴＡＣＥ）。结果　共置入５５枚镍钛形状记忆合金内支架,其中２例各置入２枚胆道支架,技术操作成功率１００％。术前及术后１周血清总胆红素、直接胆红素均有显著差异（Ｐ＝０.０２１,Ｐ＝０.０１８）,支架置入后行ＴＡＣＥ者中位生存期（３９.２周）明显高于未行ＴＡＣＥ组（１７.３周）,术中及术后的并发症经及时处理后均能缓解。结论　对梗阻性黄疸患者经皮肝穿刺支架治疗对解除胆道梗阻是一种安全、有效的方法。术后行肝动脉栓塞化疗者能明显延长患者生存。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

目的：探讨介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床价值。方法：31例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者先行PTCD（17例）及金属支架入术（14例）,1周后行肝动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗,结果：31例PTCD或胆道内支架置入后,血清总胆红素下降,2例患者2个月内死于与本治疗无关的原因,2例支架再狭窄,所有病例均获随访,平均生成9个月,最长26个月。结论：介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效的方法;介入治疗可以延长恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的生存时间。     

胆道支架置入术联合三维适形放疗治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的临床研究

目的探讨胆道支架置入术联合三维适形放疗治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法对不能手术切除的恶性阻塞性黄疸患者50例,先行胆道支架引流术,再行三维适形放射治疗。观察患者胆红素消退、支架畅通情况、近期疗效、生存时间和生存率。结果经过联合治疗后,患者黄疸症状均改善明显,血清胆红素明显下降(P<0.01),肿瘤有效率(PR+CR)为90.0%(45/50)。1年和2年的累积生存率分别为60.0%和11.8%,中位生存时间13个月。结论对不能手术的恶性阻塞性黄疸患者采取胆道支架置入术后联合三维适形放疗能够改善症状,提高患者生活质量,延长生存时间,是一个安全有效的治疗方法。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

目的 :探讨介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床价值。方法 :31例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者先行PTCD( 17例 )及金属支架置入术 ( 14例 ) ,1周后行肝动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗。结果 :31例PTCD或胆道内支架置入后 ,血清总胆红素下降。 2例患者 2个月内死于与本治疗无关的原因。 2例支架再狭窄。所有病例均获随访 ,平均生存 9个月 ,最长 2 6个月。结论 :介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效的方法 ;介入治疗可以延长恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的生存时间。     

高位恶性胆道梗阻胆道双支架植入的疗效

目的 分析胆道双支架植入联合胆道外引流治疗高位恶性胆道梗阻（malignant high biliary obstruction,MHBO）临床疗效及应用价值。方法 MHBO患者96例,胆道双支架植入联合胆道外引流77例、胆道单支架植入并对侧引流11例、单纯胆道外引流8例;观察术后近、远期疗效。结果 胆道双支架植入联合胆道外引流77例,成功率为80.21%。96例MHBO患者术前总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与术后第7、14天比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后第21天胆道双支架植入患者总胆红素下降率（92.56%）明显高于胆道单支架植入并对侧引流和单纯胆道外引流患者（61.53%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。77例胆道双支架植入患者3、6、9、12、15、18、21月生存率分别为98.70%、88.31%、76.62%、46.75%、18.18%、2.6%、1.3%。结论 胆道双支架植入联合胆道外引流治疗MHBO是一种安全有效的方法,不仅能够迅速退黄并恢复肝功能,为肿瘤的进一步治疗赢取了时间,而且能提高患者的生存质量及延长生存期。     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的:总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验.方法: 92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术.根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式.结果: 92 例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显.术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例.结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法.     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的：总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验。方法：92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果：92例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显。术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例。结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法。     

胆道双支架联合高强度超声聚焦刀治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床观察

目的探讨高强度超声聚焦刀(HIFU)联合胆道双支架治疗恶性肝门部胆管梗阻性黄疸的安全性与疗效。方法对32例恶性肝门部胆管梗阻性黄疸患者植入64枚胆道支架,其中17例(试验组)术后5~7 d后行HIFU治疗;15例(对照组)术后未行任何抗肿瘤治疗。结果支架置入1个月后2组患者黄疸均得到有效缓解,2组患者黄疸缓解率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组梗阻性黄疸再次出现的时间为术后4~13个月,中位时间为7.5个月;对照组梗阻性黄疸再次出现的时间为术后2~6个月,中位时间为4.1个月,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),2组不良反应均可耐受。结论 HIFU联合胆道双支架治疗恶性肝门部胆管梗阻性黄疸是安全有效的方法。     

Percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary endoprostheses using both plastic and metallic stents for palliative treatment of malignant common bile duct obstruction

To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary prostheses for palliative treatment in patients with common bile duct obstruction caused by advanced malignancies. A total of 13 consecutive patients was treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoprostheses concurrently using both plastic and metallic stents. Serum total bilirubin levels before and after stent placement were evaluated. The technical success rate, the period with no obstructive jaundice, patient survival and complications were also assessed. Median bilirubin levels decreased from 3.8 mg/dL before to 1.2 mg/dL after stent placement, and this difference was statistically significant. The median no‐jaundice period after bile duct stent placement was 6.0 months (range: 2–11 months), and overall survival time was 7.0 months. Of the 13 patients, nine did not have recurrent jaundice by the time of death, whereas four (31%) had recurrent jaundice. A second intervention was performed in these four patients. A new plastic stent was placed and jaundice did not recur up to the time of death. No serious complications such as cholangitis, pancreatitis or bile duct perforation developed. Percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary endoprostheses using both plastic and metallic stents can be useful as non‐invasive palliative treatment to relieve jaundice in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.     

The use of ¹²⁵I seed strands for intraluminal brachytherapy of malignant obstructive jaundice

This study is sought to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using 12?I seed strands for intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ), and its clinical effect on stent patency. A total of 34 patients found to have MOJ were randomly assigned to an ILBT treatment group or a control group before biliary stent insertion. For the ILBT group, 12?I seed strands were implanted into the obstructive segment of the bile duct after stent insertion. For the control group, only the biliary stent was inserted. Alimentary and hematologic complications were examined for patients in the ILBT group. The stent patency of the two groups were compared. In the ILBT group, the number of 12?I seeds per strand varied from 6 to 16 (mean, 10.9), and were successfully implanted in 17 patients. Serum levels of bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, granulocytes, and platelets assayed 2 and 4 weeks following the procedure demonstrated no significant difference between the ILBT group and the control group. The mean stent patency for ILBT group (10.2 months) was significantly longer than that of the control group (7.2 months, p=0.032). 12?I seed strands for ILBT is a feasible and safe palliative therapy for the treatment of MOJ, and may prolong stent patency.     

恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的双介入治疗

目的 :探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸患者介入治疗的近期疗效。方法 :采用金属支架植入并与动脉灌注或栓塞化疗相结合的双介入治疗方法。结果 :12例均成功植入胆道支架 ,行动脉灌注化疗 49次 ,栓塞化疗 13次。肿瘤缩小 1/ 2者 2例 ,1/ 3者 3例。胆红素下降接近正常者 6例。平均存活 9 3个月。结论 :金属内支架植入并结合肝动脉超选药物灌注或栓塞治疗梗阻性黄疸减黄可靠 ,能明显提高生活质量 ,延长患者的生存期。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸胆道内涵管置人术28例

［目的］探讨经皮肝胆道内涵管置入治疗梗阻性黄疸的疗效及并发症。［方法］对４８例梗阻性黄疸患者分为两组,２８ 例为内涵管组,行经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入术;２０例为对照组,用一般内科治疗（利胆、护肝等对症处理）。其中内涵管组２８例随 访 ３５至 ３５６天,观察近中期疗效和并发症。［结果］内涵管组：经皮肝胆道内涵管置入术技术成功率为 １００％。置入后血清总胆红 素水平较置入前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对照组：随时间的延长血清总胆红素水平较治疗前明显上升（Ｐ＜０．００１）。开通时间平均为 ９８天,半年开通率为５３．５７％。内涵管组：并发症发生率２４．９５％,主要为胰腺炎和逆行胆道感染等,对照组：井发症发生率３０％（Ｐ ＜０．０５）［结论］经皮肝胆道内涵管置入术疗效可靠、安全,可作为胆管阻塞介入治疗的另一种选择。     

Outcomes in percutaneous stenting of non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic malignant jaundice

MELLER M.T., ARTS G.R.J. & DEAN J.R. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 664–668 Outcomes in percutaneous stenting of non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic malignant jaundice The aim of this study is to review the practice and outcomes at our institution of percutaneous transhepatic placement of metallic biliary stents for non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic (non‐HBP) malignant obstructive jaundice. A retrospective review was performed of the records of all patients undergoing transhepatic stenting for non‐HBP malignant obstructive jaundice over a 7‐year period. A total of 25 patients were successfully stented and linear regression analysis of a variety of demographic, clinical and laboratory markers against survival was performed. Survival after stenting varied from 1 to 1354 days (median 58, mean 152). An initial bilirubin level less than 300 µmol/L (P= 0.01) and a reduction of greater than 50% in bilirubin post stenting (P= 0.02) were strong predictors of improved survival. Older patients survived longer than younger ones (P < 0.01). There was a weak association of survival with an albumin >30 g/L (P= 0.06), but no statistically significant correlation with creatinine or haemoglobin levels or active tumour treatment after stenting. There were few major complications from the procedures. Transhepatic metallic biliary stenting for non‐HBP malignant biliary obstruction is a safe and effective procedure, and with careful patient selection, significant periods of survival and palliation of jaundice can be achieved.     

胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻双介入治疗的临床应用

背景与目的:胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻患者在发现时多属肿瘤晚期,并伴其它脏器转移.双介入治疗系采用金属内支架解除腔内梗阻及肿瘤供血动脉插管化疗的一种姑息性介入治疗手段.本研究拟探讨双介入法治疗晚期胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻的安全性及初步疗效.方法:对65例胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻患者施行双介入治疗,包括33例胃窦及幽门部梗阻、22例十二指肠降段和水平段梗阻、以及10例胃十二指肠及胃空肠吻合口梗阻;其中9例合并肝转移.所有患者均行金属内支架植入及肿瘤供血动脉插管介入化疗.采用log-rank法分析患者生存情况.结果:65例患者均成功植入内支架,并定期接受高选择性肿瘤供血动脉插管灌注化疗.全组患者3个月累积生存率90%,6个月累积生存率66%,9个月累积生存率49%,1年累积生存率28%.中位生存期为11.9个月.结论:双介入疗法治疗晚期胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻,是一种安全、可行和有效的方法.     

表阿霉素在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用

目的 探讨表阿霉素治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸（MOJ）的安全性和可行性。方法39例MOJ患者接受胆道支架置放术或经皮穿肝胆道引流术（PTBD）后,血清胆红素未降至正常水平即接受动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）。TACE方案：法玛新30mg／m^2和超液化碘油混合成乳剂。参照WHO抗癌药物毒性分级标准观察毒性反应,Child-Putgh分级观察肝脏损害。随访患者黄疸复发时间和生存期。结果39例MOJ患者TACE术前血清总胆红素浓度为52．1-91．4μmol／L,中位值72．7μmol／L。表阿霉素总量40-60mg,中位值55．0mg,超液化碘油2～25ml。白细胞计数下降：Ⅰ度41．0％,Ⅱ度35．9％,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度15．4％;恶心呕吐：Ⅲ～Ⅳ度100％。肝脏Child-Pugh分级：8例由A级升至B级,1例由A级升至C级,3例由B级升至C级。全部患者未出现心脏毒性。39例患者的生存期为2～72个月,中位值6．0个月。19例黄疸复发,复发率48．7％,黄疸复发时间2～20个月,中位值9．0个月。结论MOJ患者行有效引流后,即使胆红素未降至正常水平,用30mg／m^2表阿霉素和超液化碘油乳剂进行单纯化疗栓塞治疗原发病灶是安全和有效的。