PCNA和Ki-67在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的:研究涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的临床病理特点,生物学行为及细胞增殖活性,为其临床诊断及预后评估提供依据.方法:对114例涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤进行回顾性分析,对其中20例多形性腺瘤、9例多形性腺瘤生长活跃型及9例恶性多形性腺瘤采用SABC和LSAB免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和增殖细胞核相关抗原(Ki-67)的表达和分布.结果:恶性多形性腺瘤的PCNA及Ki-67表达水平显著高于多形性腺瘤及多形性腺瘤生长活跃型,其PI值较后二者差异有显著性(P<0.01);良性多形性腺瘤的复发组PCNA和Ki-67的表达明显高于原发组,二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:PCNA和Ki-67检测在判断多形性腺瘤恶性增殖方面有重要意义,对良性多形性腺瘤复发预测有重要的参考价值.     

p53在涎腺良恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及其意义

p53基因是迄今发现与人类肿瘤相关性最高的肿瘤抑制基因。本文对涎腺多形性腺瘤和癌在多形性腺癌中的p53蛋白进行检测，旨在明确p53基因在这二种良恶性肿瘤中的堆积特性及其临床意义。1材料与方法选择涎腺肿瘤标本39例，其中多形性腺瘤20例，癌在多形性腺瘤中19例，常规固定、包理，连续切片2张，厚4μm，1张HE染色，另1张用ABC法做免疫组化染色（一抗为鼠抗人基因重组p53蛋白抗体）2结果全部病例的组织切片背景清晰，免疫反应定位于肿瘤细胞核内，呈棕黄色或棕褐色。19例涎腺癌在多形性腺瘤中有4例阳性，占21％（图1）。其中1例恶性成份…     

原发性恶性前庭神经Schwann细胞瘤1例

1病案摘要
　　患者男性,48岁。因“右耳耳鸣、听力下降伴头晕2年,加重3个月”入院。患者于入院前2年无明显诱因逐渐出现右耳耳鸣、听力下降伴有头晕,左耳无异常。无头痛,无恶心、呕吐,无意识障碍,无肢体抽搐,四肢活动无异常,到当地医院就诊,具体不详,未予任何诊治。近2年来,右耳耳鸣、听力下降及头晕症状较前无明显好转,未予任何诊治。3个月前,自感右耳耳鸣及头晕症状较前加重,右耳听力下降较前明显,同时出现右侧面部感觉减退伴有行走不稳,无头痛,无恶心、呕吐,无意识障碍,无肢体抽搐,就诊于当地医院,行头颅 MRI 检查示：右侧桥小脑角区占位病变,考虑听神经瘤可能性大。为行进一步治疗就诊于我院,门诊以“听神经瘤”入院。既往高血压病史7年,最高可达180／90 mmHg,自行口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片（络活喜）治疗,自诉血压控制尚可;慢性过敏性鼻炎病史10余年,未予特殊治疗;甲状腺结节4年,无任何症状,未予治疗;因阑尾炎行阑尾切除术后15年,目前无任何不适。否认冠心病、糖尿病及脑血管病史,否认药物、食物过敏史。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病

对１９７９年６月至１９９１年６月间收治的２０例家族性腺瘤性息肉病（ＦＡＰ）进行临床分析。有家族史者１０例，占５０％。１６例癌变，占８０％。术前均经肠镜检查确诊。３例行预防性结、直肠次全切除或全切除，已分别存活６、７、１３年；７例行结肠或直肠癌根治加结、直肠次全切除或全切除，３年、５年生存率为８５．７％（６／７）与５７．２％（４／７）；姑息性结肠或直肠癌切除者均于１年内死亡。共有９例结、直肠次全切除或全切除后行回肠贮袋成形术，无术中死亡及严重并发症，术后大便功能恢复较好。结果提示，ＦＡＰ的大肠腺瘤易癌变，且较早。早期诊断并行预防性结、直肠次全切除或全切除可防治癌变，回肠贮袋成形术可提高病人生活质量     

胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤临床病理观察

[目的]报道5例胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤(SMAP),并探讨其临床病理特征、免疫组化表型、特殊染色、鉴别诊断要点。[方法]对5例发生在胰腺的SMAP患者进行临床资料分析、光学显微镜观察及免疫组化标记和特殊染色,并随访。[结果]SMAP多发生在老年女性,胰腺体尾部是好发部位,临床上表现为腹胀、腹痛、腹部包块等症状或在体检时发现。镜下肿瘤由众多小囊腔组成,囊壁内衬单层立方上皮,胞质内含糖原。免疫组化肿瘤细胞广谱CK、CK7和EMA阳性,CK20、Vim、CK5/6、CEA、Syn、CD10、CD34均阴性,特染PAS阳性。5例病人随访5个月至2年余,未发现复发和转移。[结论]胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤是好发于老年女性患者的良性肿瘤,多位于胰腺体尾部,肿瘤切除治疗效果好。     

胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤临床病理特征分析

[目的]探讨胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断要点.[方法]对德清县人民医院外检所遇3例胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤进行临床病理分析.[结果]胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤好发于老年女性,临床症状不明显.病理检查肿瘤为大小不等海绵状小囊,衬覆扁平或低立方上皮细胞及肌上皮,细胞无异型性,囊壁间为粗大的纤维结缔组织间隔.免疫组化显示囊壁细胞EMA(上皮膜抗原)和Keratin(角蛋白)阳性;CA199(糖链抗原19-9)、ER(雌激素受体)、PR(孕激素受体)和Ⅷ因子(凝血因子Ⅷ)阴性,Ki-67阳性低于2％.[结论]胰腺浆液性微囊性腺瘤临床罕见,其诊断和鉴别诊断主要靠病理组织学和免疫组化检查,结合术前影像学结果.     

PCNA和Ki-67在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的临床病理特点,生物学行为及细胞增殖活性,为其临床诊断及预后评估提供依据。方法：对114例涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤进行回顾性分析,对其中20例多形性腺瘤、9例多形性腺瘤生长活跃型及9例恶性多形性腺瘤采用SABC和LSAB免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和增殖细胞核相关抗原（Ki-67）的表达和分布。结果：恶性多形性腺瘤的PCNA及Ki-67表达水平显著高于多形性腺瘤及多形性腺瘤生长活跃型,其PI值较后二者差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;良性多形性腺瘤的复发组PCNA和Ki-67的表达明显高于原发组,二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：PCNA和Ki-67检测在判断多形性腺瘤恶性增殖方面有重要意义,对良性多形性腺瘤复发预测有重要的参考价值。     

网膜囊内细胞性神经鞘瘤误诊1例

因左上腹部酸胀不适10月余入院。1个月前在外院做B超时无意中发现左上腹肿块，高度怀疑恶性肿瘤转来我院。近来体重下降较明显。入院查体：一般情况可，平卧位左上腹略隆起，左锁骨中线肋缘下可及一圆形肿物之下半部分，边缘光整，质中偏硬，无明显触痛，肿块似可推动，随呼吸运动同步不明显，与脾脏关系不大，未见明显异     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病的外科治疗

家族性腺瘤性息肉病（family adenomatous polyposis,FAP）属常染色体显性遗传疾病,目前被认为是癌前病变,而且癌变往往为多发性、多中心性。我们收集了28例FAP患者的临床资料,就FAP的临床特点和外科治疗进行探讨。     

Retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma: Review of clinico-radiological features

A case is reported here of an ancient schwannoma in the retroperitoneum. The findings of abdominal ultrasound and CT in a patient with a retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma are presented, and the clinical and radiological features of this unusual tumour are reviewed. The presence of a large, well-delineated complex cystic mass in the deep soft tissues should raise the possibility of an ancient schwannoma. It is important to recognize these tumours as benign with excellent prognosis so as to avoid unnecessary radical surgery.     

Benign glandular inclusions a rare cause of a false positive sentinel node

An 84-year-old female underwent a wire-guided lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Two sentinel nodes were identified and sent for immediate pathological evaluation. One of the nodes was reported as "glandular epithelium consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma." Permanent sections of the sentinel node initially considered positive revealed glandular structures primarily within the fibrous capsule of the involved lymph node. These glands were lined by tall columnar epithelial cells, which had cilia on the luminal surface and did not show significant cytologic atypia. The limitations of intra-operative evaluation of sentinel nodes make differentiation of uncommon pathology difficult. A conservative approach should be taken with these lesions as permanent sections will often elucidate the diagnosis.     

Resection of perihilar biliary schwannoma

Introduction

Schwannomas are usually benign nerve sheath tumors, which typically arise in the head, neck, spinal cord and extremities. Schwannoma of the biliary tract is an extremely rare finding. Patients generally lack symptoms and seek medical attention when tumor growth causes obstructive jaundice. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and resection is the treatment of choice.

Methods

A 54 year-old female with history of back and right labia minor melanoma for which she underwent complete excision and right inguinal lymph node dissection more than 10 years ago, was evaluated for new onset gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and found to have markedly abnormal liver enzymes. Imagining studies revealed intrahepatic ductal dilatation and a 5.2 cm mass in the porta hepatis that was not consistent with cholangiocarcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple percutaneous biopsies of the mass failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. With a high clinical suspicion of metastatic melanoma and no other evident sites of disease, operative intervention was undertaken for diagnosis and definitive treatment.

Results

Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed initially, but access to the mass was difficult, given its location. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparotomy, with tumor excision, common bile duct resection and hepato-jejunostomy. Pathologic examination and analysis were consistent with cellular schwannoma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered uneventfully, and liver function studies returned to normal.

Conclusion

Schwannomas are uncommon tumors, which very rarely arise from the biliary tract and cause biliary obstruction. Exploration is indicated in order to establish the diagnosis and to render definitive treatment.     

Neurilemmoma of the diaphragm

Diaphragmatic neurilemmomas are rare tumors. We report here such a case and also review five cases from the English-language medical literature. Neurilemmomas of the diaphragm are benign tumors that display slow, progressive growth. They remain encapsulated and do not invade adjacent structures. Surgical resection is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Thoracotomy is the operative approach of choice. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤影像学特点

目的:研究MRI对椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤的诊断价值及鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的MR表现为椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤10例,6名男性,4名女性,年龄范围37~62岁,平均年龄51.4岁。结果:MRI显示病变均位于髓外硬膜下,T1WI表现为低信号,T2WI表现为高信号,增强扫描显示为环状强化。结论:MRI是诊断椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤的重要手段,其MR及增强扫描表现比较典型,对外科手术计划有很大帮助。由于其典型的强化特点鉴别诊断并不复杂。     

肾上腺神经鞘瘤临床分析

目的:总结肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断与治疗经验,提高对该疾病的诊断及治疗水平.方法:回顾性分析5例肾上腺神经鞘瘤病人的临床资料,结合文献讨论此病的临床病理学特征以及诊治方法.结果:5例肿瘤均经手术切除,病理学证实均为肾上腺神经鞘瘤.随访1-8年均未见复发.结论:肾上腺神经鞘瘤的术前诊断困难,确诊需经病理学检查,手术切除是最佳治疗方法.本病多为良性,预后良好,但由于有局部复发的可能,长期随访十分必要.     

Intraosseous schwannoma of the proximal femur

A schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumor commonly located in soft tissue. An intraosseous schwannoma is very rare, and only four cases involving the femur were found in a review of the English-language medical literature. We present a rare case of a schwannoma with well-defined, lytic, dumbbell-shaped and benign-appearing lesions of the proximal femur.     

Tumor pseudoprogression following radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma

We sought to characterize vestibular schwannoma (VS) pseudoprogression after radiosurgery to assess its incidence, causative factors, and association with radiation-induced adverse effects. We performed a retrospective study of VS treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery during 2005-2009. Seventy-five patients had at least 24 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up (median, 29 months) and were included. Tumor response was calculated volumetrically using Gamma plan software on consecutive MRIs. All treatment plans were reviewed for dosimetry characteristics. Forty-nine VS (65%) were stable or regressed after treatment. Seventeen (23%) underwent pseudoprogression, with onset of enlargement at 6 months. Seven (9%) remained larger than initial treatment volume at last follow-up. Nine (12%) had persistent growth. Three patients underwent subsequent microsurgery. One patient required intervention at 3 months for cystic enlargement; otherwise, all patients with progressive enlargement had stable VS until at least 24 months. Twenty-six patients (34.7%) developed nonauditory adverse radiation effects after treatment, including cranial neuropathy, ataxia, and hydrocephalus. There was no statistical association between onset of clinical deterioration and tumor response. Volume changes in the first 24 months after radiosurgery rarely herald treatment failure. Any volume change after 24 months is indicative of treatment failure. Pseudoprogression does not appear to be independently linked to radiation-induced morbidity, and there are no patient-related or radiosurgical parameters that predict tumor response.     

A rare case of cellular schwannoma involving the trigeminal ganglion

Cellular schwannomas rarely involve the cranial nerves, being more common in the spinal and peripheral nerves. A rare case of cellular schwannoma involving the gasserian ganglion, a hitherto unreported site, that extended infratentorially to present as a cerebellopontine angle tumor is reported. It is important to recognize that cellular schwannomas can histologically mimic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors because of their high cellularity and mitotic activity, but they are relatively benign tumors with a tendency to recur but not metastasize.     

宫颈液基细胞学中非典型腺细胞的形态结构特征与临床意义

目的:探讨宫颈液基细胞学中非典型腺细胞诊断的临床意义,评估有临床意义的细胞学形态结构特征,研究细胞学中鉴别腺上皮细胞病变与鳞状细胞病变的形态线索。方法:对我院2011年至2019年液基细胞学筛查为非典型腺细胞(atypical glandular cell, AGC)的病例复阅,通过与组织学结果对照,评估相关的细胞学特征。结果:514例AGC患者中,组织学结果阳性232例(45.1%),包括腺细胞病变114例(22.2%),鳞状上皮细胞病变104例(20.2%),腺细胞病变合并鳞状上皮细胞病变11例(2.1%),其他恶性肿瘤3例(0.6%)。评估的11个细胞学特征中,有8个特征在良性变化和癌或癌前病变之间有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05),分别为失去极性、羽毛状结构、乳头样结构、核膜不规则、出现大核仁、粗糙的染色质、中性粒细胞口袋、细胞浆内大空泡。有6个与腺上皮病变相关,前3位依次是：中性粒细胞口袋、羽毛状结构、细胞浆内大空泡;有4个与鳞状上皮病变相关,前3位分别是：核膜不规则、核深染、粗糙的染色质;羽毛状结构对于区别腺上皮病变和鳞状上皮病变最有意义。结论:AGC随访恶性率高,细...