Evaluation of spiral computed tomography versus ventilation/perfusion scanning in patients clinically suspected of pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) versus ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning in the examination of patients clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients, presenting to the emergency department and departments of radiology and nuclear medicine of a large hospital, highly suspected of having PE, underwent sequential imaging testing with V/Q scanning and contrast-enhanced spiral CT, in addition to other clinical and laboratory tests. RESULTS: PE was diagnosed in 42 (66.7%) of the 63 patients. Thirty-nine of these 42 patients had positive findings in their CT scans, while 18 of the remaining 21 patients without PE had negative findings in their spiral CT [sensitivity, 92.9%, specificity, 85.7% Positive Predictive Value (PPV), 92.9%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), 85.7%]. V/Q scans showed high-probability of PE in 24 of the 42 patients with PE and were negative in 9 of the remaining 21 patients without PE (sensitivity, 571%, specificity, 42.9%, PPV, 66.7%, NPV, 33.3%). There were statistically significant differences in specificity and sensitivity favoring spiral CT among men and women patients or patients > 50 years old. Fifty-four patients (85.7%) rated their satisfaction towards spiral CT as 'good' or 'very good', whereas the respective rate for V/Q scanning was only 14.3%. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT has an excellent sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the diagnosis of PE and it could be used as the first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of PE.     

99mTc-MIBI-SPECT与定位CT同机融合显像对肺部肿物的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨99mTc-MIBI-SPECT与定位CT同机融合显像对肺部肿物的鉴别诊断价值。方法:34例可疑肺部恶性肿物患者,注射99mTc-MIBI后10min、2h分别进行早期和延迟SPECT-CT断层同机融合显像。根据诊断金标准分为恶性(27例)和良性肺部病灶(7例)组,分析诊断效率,比较良、恶性肺部病灶对99mTc-MIBI的早期及延迟摄取比值(EUR、DUR),并分别对EUR、DUR的诊断效率进行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析。结果:99mTc-MIBI-SPECT与定位CT同机融合显像定性分析对肺部肿物良恶性鉴别诊断灵敏度100%、特异度71.43%、准确性94.12%、阳性预测值93.10%、阴性预测值100%。恶性与良性肺部病灶EUR(3.29±2.10vs1.55±0.66)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),恶性与良性肺部病灶DUR(3.40±2.05vs1.59±0.61)差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EUR≥1.87或DUR≥1.78为诊断恶性肺部病灶的最佳切点,对应的灵敏度、特异度分别为92.60%、71.4%和100%、71.4%。结论:99mTc-MIBI-SPECT与定位CT同机融合显像对肺部肿物的良恶性鉴别具有较高的临床应用价值,是较适用于中小城市中低收入肺部肿物患者的早期鉴别诊断方法。     

An investigation of new toxicity test method performance in validation studies: 3. Sensitivity and specificity are not independent of prevalence or distribution of toxicity

Often, the only measures of toxicity test performance provided in validation studies are the contingent probability statistics (CPS) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Sensitivity and specificity are generally used in preference to NPV and PPV since NPV and PPV are assumed to vary with changes in prevalence while sensitivity and specificity are assumed to be independent of changes in prevalence. The purpose of the studies reported here was to test whether or not sensitivity and specificity are actually independent of changes in prevalence. Results derived from these studies indicate that sensitivity and specificity vary significantly depending on the prevalence of toxic substances in the set of chemicals being tested. This means sensitivity and specificity should not always be considered constant indicators of toxicity test performance.     

恶性危险指数在卵巢恶性肿瘤术前诊断中的价值

目的 评价恶性危险指数(risk of malignancy index,RMI)在卵巢恶性肿瘤术前诊断中的价值.方法 评价我院2001年1月至2005年10月卵巢肿瘤患者112例,取RMI＞200,计算RMI及CA125的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV).同时计算卵巢恶性上皮性及非上皮性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV.结果 RMI诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV分别为75%、93%、91%、81%.RMI较CA125单独应用特异性增高.上皮性卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV分别为89%、94%、94%、88%,明显高于非上皮性卵巢恶性肿瘤.结论 RMI在诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤,尤其是上皮性卵巢恶性肿瘤中具有重要价值,在非上皮性卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断方面尚有一定局限性.     

Differences in clinical predictors of influenza in adults and children with influenza-like illness

Influenza contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in the winter season. The aim of the study was to identify clinical signs and symptoms most predictive of influenza infection in children and adults with influenza-like illness. A prospective systematic sampling analysis of clinical data collected through sentinel surveillance system for influenza in 32 primary care centers and one tertiary care hospital in Slovenia during two consecutive influenza seasons (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) was carried out. Children and adults who had influenza-like illness, defined as febrille illness with sudden onset, prostration and weakness, muscle and joint pain and at least (cough, sore throat, coryza) were included and tested for influenza A and B virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and enterovirus by RT-PCR. Clinical data were evaluated in statistical models to identify the best predictors for the confirmation of influenza for children (under age of 15) and adults. Of 1,286 patients with influenza-like symptoms in both seasons 211 were confirmed to have influenza A or B alone and compared to 780 influenza-negative patients. A fever over 38°C, chills, headache, malaise and sore eyes revealed a significant association with positive RT-PCR test for influenza virus in children. In adults, only three symptoms were significantly related to PCR-confirmed influenza infection: fever, cough and abnormal breath sounds. The stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that four symptoms predicted influenza in children: fever (38°C or more) (p=0.010), headache (p=0.030), cough (p=0.044) and absence of abnormal breathing sounds (p=0.015) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 5.1%, 98.1%, 57.1% and 80.1%, respectively. For adults, the strongest impact on influenza positivity was found for fever (p=0.008) and cough (p=0.085). The model for adults had less favorable characteristics, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 0%, 100%, 0% and 76.4%, respectively. Differences in clinical predictors of influenza in children compared to adults were found. The model for adults was acceptable but not a good one. The model for children was found to be more reliable than the prediction model for adults.     

Assessment of anthrax vaccination data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System, 1998-2004

PURPOSE: Understanding the completeness and accuracy of U.S. military anthrax vaccination data is important to the design and interpretation of studies to assess the safety of anthrax vaccine. We estimated the agreement between electronically recorded anthrax vaccination data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) versus anthrax vaccination data abstracted from hardcopy medical charts in a representative sample of the U.S. military from 1998 to 2004. METHODS: Medical chart abstractions were conducted at 28 military treatment facilities for 4201 personnel. Abstracted anthrax vaccination data for 1817 personnel, representing 7400 anthrax vaccine doses, were compared with electronically captured data in the DMSS from 1998 to 2004. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using weighted analyses. RESULTS: Weighted person-level analysis revealed DMSS sensitivity = 93.8% (95%CI = 91.1, 95.8), specificity = 87.0% (79.0, 92.3), PPV = 85.6% (77.2, 91.3) and NPV = 94.5% (91.7, 96.4). Report of anthrax vaccination within a +/-7 days window in both medical chart and DMSS electronic data had a sensitivity of 88.3% (85.4, 90.7) and a PPV of 86.6% (84.9, 88.2) in the vaccine dose-level analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results support that anthrax vaccination data captured by the DMSS are adequate for post-marketing surveillance investigations in the U.S. military and are of comparable quality to data captured by other vaccine safety databases.     

胸腔积液与外周血 ELISPOT 检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的#br# 效果比较

目的 通过比较不同途径的酶联免疫斑点（ELISPOT）检测, 探讨其对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法 采用 T-Spot-TB 试剂盒对 164 例结核性胸腔积液和 102 例非结核性胸腔积液患者的外周血和胸腔积液标本进行检测。比较两组的斑点形成细胞数 （SFC）, 采用诊断试验比较胸腔积液与外周血 ELISPOT 检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的灵敏度及特异度。结果 胸腔积液与外周血 ELISPOT 检测的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为 0.947 和 0.905; 胸腔积液 ELISPOT 检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的灵敏度（95.1%）高于外周血（89.0%）; 特异度（90.2%）也高于外周血（88.2%）。结论 胸腔积液较外周血 ELISPOT检测具有更高的诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值。     

非血液标本1,3-β-D-葡聚糖检测对癌症患者放射治疗后真菌感染的诊断影响

目的:探究非血液标本1,3-β-D-葡聚糖(简称G试验)检测对癌症患者放射治疗后侵袭性真菌感染的诊断影响。方法:抽取2010年1月—2016年1月期间收治的非手术型癌症患者309例资料,筛选出放射后1周疑似真菌感染患者134例,最终被确诊为侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者41例;分析其的血液、气道分泌物、胸水G试验及真菌培养、鉴定结果,观察G试验及真菌培养检测对侵袭性真菌感染患者诊断的敏感度(sensitivity,SE)、特异度(specificity,SP)、阳性预测值(positive predicative value,PPV)、阴性预测值(negative predicative value,NPV)、准确度及Youden指数,并绘制ROC曲线。结果:检出真菌47株,其中念珠菌感染者34例、曲霉感染者4例和隐球菌感染者3例;在血液标本中,G试验高于真菌培养,特异度真菌培养高于G试验;在阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及准确度方面,G试验更为准确;在气道分泌物标本中,G试验高于真菌培养,特异度真菌培养高于G试验;在阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及准确度方面,G试验更为准确;在胸水标本中,G试验高于真菌培养,特异度真菌培养高于G试验;在阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及准确度方面,真菌培养更为准确;根据G试验结果显示,以10 pg/mL为界值,血液标本曲线下面积(AUC)为0.620(0.517,0.724);气道分泌物AUC为0.494(0.380,0.609);胸水AUC为0.385(0.284,0.487)。结论:对非手术治疗的肺癌患者放射治疗后的血液、气道分泌物及胸水采用G试验检测,结果表明非血液标本G试验检测对于真菌性感染的诊断具有较高诊断价值。     

Correlates of Validity of Self-Reported Methamphetamine Use among a Sample of Dependent Adults

Background: Self-reported data are widely used in substance-use research, yet few studies have assessed the validity of self-reported methamphetamine use compared to biological assays. Objectives: We sought to assess the validity and correlates of validity of self-reported methamphetamine use compared to urine toxicology (UTOX). Methods: Using a sample of methamphetamine-dependent individuals enrolled in a randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trial in the United States (n = 327 visits among 90 participants), we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the kappa coefficient of self-reported methamphetamine use in the past 3 days compared to UTOX, as well as the NPV of self-reported methamphetamine use over an extended recall period of 1 month. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess correlates of concordance between self-reported methamphetamine use and UTOX. Results: The sensitivity of self-reported methamphetamine use in the past 3 days was 86.7% (95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 81.4%–91.4%), the specificity was 85.3% (77.7–91.3), the PPV was 91.5% (86.9–94.8), and the NPV was 78.0% (69.4–86.1), compared to UTOX (kappa = 0.71). The NPV over the extended recall period was 70.6% (48.0–85.7). In multivariable analyses, validity of self-reported methamphetamine use was higher for older participants but lower during follow-up compared to baseline and when polysubstance use or depressive symptoms were reported. Conclusions/Importance: Our sample of methamphetamine-dependent adults reported recent methamphetamine use with high validity compared to UTOX. Validity increased with age but decreased when participants reported depressive symptoms or polysubstance use as well as later in the study timeline and during longer recall periods.     

Early weight gain as a predictor of substantial weight gain with olanzapine/fluoxetine combination: an analysis of 2 adult studies in treatment-resistant depression

Weight gain during olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (OFC) therapy is very common. We examined early (at 2 weeks) weight gain as a predictor of later (at 26 weeks) substantial weight gain in patients with treatment-resistant depression during OFC pharmacotherapy. Data were analyzed from 2 studies (Study 1 and Study 2)-each with an acute, double-blind phase and an open-label phase-in patients who completed 26 weeks of open-label treatment (N = 306). Mean patient age was 46 years; the majority was female and white. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were examined using early weight gain of 2 kg or more as a predictor of 10 kg or more substantial weight gain. Sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity for Study 1 (n = 73) were 33% and 71%, respectively; PPV and NPV were 23% and 80%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for Study 2 (n = 233) were 52% and 70%, respectively; PPV and NPV were 31% and 85%, respectively. Overall, in the 2 trials analyzed, for patients who did not gain 2 kg or more (2.54 lb) in the first 2 weeks of OFC treatment, the observed frequency was 16.3% for gaining 10 kg or more at 26 weeks. Compared to those with early weight gain, patients without early weight gain were less likely to have substantial weight gain after OFC treatment. Additional research is needed to further explore the predictive power of early weight gain for subsequent substantial weight gain in patients with treatment-resistant depression treated with OFC.     

BI-RADS报告系统在乳腺钼靶影像诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨乳腺影像报告及数据系统（BI-RADS）在女性乳腺钼靶诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2013年9月至2014年2月该院行乳腺钼靶检查的1551例女性患者临床资料,以组织病理结果为“金标准”,将BI-RADS评估分类与病理结果比较,计算其敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）。结果1551例受检女性进行BI-RADS评估分类,Ⅰ～Ⅴ级分别为604、1287、421、112、57例,其中行手术或活检635个,包括恶性病变111个,良性病变524个,BI-RADS评估分类的敏感度为82.9%（92/111）,特异度为81.5%（427/524）。BI-RADS总体PPV为64.3%（92/143）,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级PPV分别为46.7%（43/92）、96.1%（49/51）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级NPV分别为97.2%（103/106）、95.6%（324/339）。结论 BI-RADS描述术语规范了乳腺影响报告书写,并有较高的PPV、NPV,在乳腺良、恶性病变的诊断中有重要价值。     

联合检测LDL与hs-CRP在ACS诊断中的临床应用

目的:探讨联合检测血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)诊断中的价值.方法:测定92例ACS患者和92例健康对照组患者血清LDL-C以及hs-CRP浓度,计算联合LDL-C以及hs-CRP诊断ACS的效能.结果:健康对照组与ACS组间血清LDL-C以及hs-CRP浓度差异有统计学意义.LDL-C与hs-CRP联合诊断在ACS的灵敏度和特异度分别为95.0％和46.0％,阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)分别为65.4％和91.0％.结论:联合检测血清LDL-C与hs-CRP可帮助早期诊断ACS.     

糖化血红蛋白用于筛查糖尿病及糖耐量受损的研究

目的评估糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）在筛查2型糖尿病（T2DM）及糖耐量减低（IGT）中的应用价值。方法对658例研究对象行口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）并测定HbA1c、血脂4项。结果采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）判断。当筛查T2DM时,HbA1c切点为5.8%,灵敏度和特异度分别为74.36%和81.55%,曲线下面积0.847,阳性预测值为45.22%,阴性预测值为93.95%,阳性似然比4.031,阴性似然比0.314。当同时筛查T2DM和IGT时,HbA1c切点为5.9%,灵敏度和特异度分别为38.86%和93.27%,曲线下面积0.697,阳性预测值为85.25%,阴性预测值为60.41%,阳性似然比5.778,阴性似然比0.655。结论HbA1c≥5.8%时应进一步行OGTT以明确有无DM,HbA1c不适用于同时筛查T2DM和IGT人群。     

The validity and reliability of an interactive computer tobacco and alcohol use survey in general practice

Background

Uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the computer as a data collection or patient screening tool persists. Previous research evaluating the validity of computer health surveys have tended to compare those responses to that of paper survey or clinical interview (as the gold standard). This approach is limited as it assumes that the paper version of the self-report survey is valid and an appropriate gold standard.

Objectives

First, to compare the accuracy of computer and paper methods of assessing self-reported smoking and alcohol use in general practice with biochemical measures as gold standard. Second, to compare the test re-test reliability of computer administration, paper administration and mixed methods of assessing self-reported smoking status and alcohol use in general practice.

Methods

A randomised cross-over design was used. Consenting patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups; Group 1. C–C : completing a computer survey at the time of that consultation (Time 1) and a computer survey 4–7 days later (Time 2); Group 2. C–P: completing a computer survey at Time 1 and a paper survey at Time 2; Group 3. P–C: completing a paper survey at Time 1 and a computer survey at Time 2; and Group 4. P–P: completing a paper survey at Time 1 and 2. At Time 1 all participants also completed biochemical measures to validate self-reported smoking status (expired air carbon monoxide breath test) and alcohol consumption (ethyl alcohol urine assay).

Results

Of the 618 who were eligible, 575 (93%) consented to completing the Time 1 surveys. Of these, 71% (N = 411) completed Time 2 surveys. Compared to CO, the computer smoking self-report survey demonstrated 91% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 75% positive predictive value (PPV) and 98% negative predictive value (NPV). The equivalent paper survey demonstrated 86% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 80% PPV, and 96% NPV. Compared to urine assay, the computer alcohol use self-report survey demonstrated 92% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 10% PPV and 99% NPV. The equivalent paper survey demonstrated 75% sensitivity, 57% specificity, 6% PPV, and 98% NPV. Level of agreement of smoking self-reports at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed kappa coefficients ranging from 0.95 to 0.98 in each group and hazardous alcohol use self-reports at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed kappa coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.96 in each group.

Conclusion

The collection of self-reported health risk information is equally accurate and reliable using computer interface in the general practice setting as traditional paper survey. Computer survey appears highly reliable and accurate for the measurement of smoking status. Further research is needed to confirm the adequacy of the quantity/frequency measure in detecting those who drink alcohol. Interactive computer administered health surveys offer a number of advantages to researchers and clinicians and further research is warranted.     

利用联合诊断评价慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度

目的了解实验室检测指标的平行和系列联合在判断慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度的作用。方法调查322例乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的乙型肝炎患者,利用ROC曲线计算曲线下面积(AUROC),判断最优截断点并计算各指标的平行联合和系列联合时的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、Youden指数。结果AUROC>0.7的有谷氨酸转肽酶(GGT)、天冬氨酸转氨酸(AST)和血小板(PLT)的比值(APRI)、年龄和PLT的比值(AGE-PLT)和AST,分别为0.772、0.769、0.748和0.700。AGE-PLT和AST平行联合时灵敏度和阴性预测值最高(89.36%,92.06%),GGT和AGE-PLT系列联合时特异度和阳性预测值最高(96.05%,85.25%)。结论对于HBsAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者,可以尝试用实验室的直接或间接指标的平行联合和系列联合来诊断肝纤维化的程度。     

阴道超声与宫腔镜在子宫内膜息肉诊断中的价值

目的对比分析阴道超声与宫腔镜对子宫内膜息肉（EP）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析143例子宫异常出血患者阴道超声及宫腔镜检查结果,并与病理结果作对照。结果病理确诊EP 39例,阴道超声诊断EP的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为71.79%、92.31%、77.78%、89.72%,宫腔镜诊断则分别为94.87%、93.27%、84.09%、97.98%,宫腔镜对EP诊断的符合率高于阴道超声（P〈0.05）。结论宫腔镜较阴道超声检查更准确、直观,是确诊EP更有效的检查方法。     

联合检测血清LDL-C和hs-CRP在ACS诊断中的价值

目的:探讨联合检测血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL - C)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs - CRP)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)诊断中的价值.方法:测定85例ACS患者和85例健康对照组者血清LDL -C以及hs - CRP浓度,计算联合LDL-C以及hs - CRP诊断ACS的效能.结果:健康对照组与ACS组间血清LDL ...     

Validation of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 214–218

Summary

Background The non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) is a scoring system designed by the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network (CRN) to encompass the spectrum of NAFLD and evaluate histological changes. However, the NAS and the correlation between the NAS and a diagnosis of NASH have not been validated outside the NASH CRN. Aim To validate the NAS outside the NASH CRN. Methods This study retrospectively examined liver biopsies from adults with NAFLD or steatohepatitis obtained from January 2003 to May 2010. Biopsy specimens were evaluated twice in a blinded manner by a single hepatopathologist, once to determine a diagnosis (steatohepatitis or steatosis/not‐steatohepatitis), and a second time to determine the NAS. Results A total of 386 liver biopsies were evaluated. Mean age of patients at time of biopsy was 49.9 ± 10.2 years. NASH was found in 51% of the patients. For NAS ≥5 as a diagnosis of steatohepatitis and NAS <5 for not‐steatohepatitis, the sensitivity was 57%, specificity: 95%, negative predictive value (NPV): 68% and positive predictive value (PPV): 93%. Lowering the NAS to ≥4 as a diagnosis of steatohepatitis increased the sensitivity to 85% with a decrease in specificity to 81%; NPV: 84%, PPV: 82% and Cohen’s kappa 0.658. Conclusions The NAFLD activity score is a valid scoring system encompassing the spectrum of NAFLD with an excellent level of agreement between the histological diagnosis and the NAFLD activity score. A NAFLD activity score ≥4 has optimal sensitivity and specificity for predicting steatohepatitis, and is the recommended value for admission into an interventional trial for NASH.     

国产盐酸托烷司琼防治NP方案化疗引起的胃肠道反应临床观察

目的:观察盐酸托烷司琼注射液防治长春瑞宾 顺铂方案(NP方案)治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)引起胃肠道反应的止吐作用和安全性,并与进口盐酸托烷司琼(欧必亭)对比.方法:采用随机、双盲、自身交叉对照试验,可评价的18例NSCLC患者随机分为AB组和BA组,AB组第l周期用试验药盐酸托烷司琼,第2周期用对照药欧必亭;BA组第l周期用欧必亭,第2周期用盐酸托烷司琼.21d为1个周期.结果:化疗d1～d6,对食欲不振的完全控制率试验药分别为83.3%,55.6%,22.2%,11.1%,16.7%,38.9%,对照药分别为77.8%,44.4%,27.8%,16.7%,22.2%,50.0%;对恶心的完全控制率试验药分别为83.3%,55.6%,27.8%,11.1%,22.2%,33.3%,对照药分别为77.8%,38.9%,22.2%,11.1%,16.7%,44.4%;对呕吐的完全控制率试验药分别为88.9%,72.2%,61.1%,55.6%,55.6%,72.2%,对照药分别为100.0%,61.1%,38.9%,44.4%,72.2%,83.3%.两者比较差异均无显著性(所有P值均＞0.05).两组不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:盐酸托烷司琼在控制NP方案化疗药物引起的急性呕吐、恶心及食欲不振方面与进口药欧必亭的疗效和不良反应相似.