急性心肌梗死后的左心房功能与其近期预后的关系

目的探讨左心房功能与急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的关系。方法入选的急性心肌梗死患者184例,观察并发症的发生率和超声心动图下左心房功能各指标。结果预后不良患者左心房功能明显较预后良好者差。(P<0.05)。结论左心房功能是预测急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的较好的指标。     

左心房容积指数在评价急性心肌梗死病例预后中的价值

目的探讨左心房容积指数(LAVI)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)预后之间的关系。方法选取收治的AMI病例312例,于急性期行超声心动图检查,测左心房容积、左心室的收缩和舒张功能,左心房容积通过体表面积来校正,将观察者按LAVI分为两组,即LAVI>30ml/m2共168例(占54%)和≤30ml/m2共144例(占46%)两组,自病例入院开始观察,若病例死亡观察结束。结果在平均36个月(0~60月)的观察随访过程中,共有50例死亡,其中LAVI≤30ml/m2死亡14例,LAVI>30ml/m2者死亡36例,P<0.001。LAVI是AMI病例预后的一个重要和独立危险因素(LAVI每增加1ml/m2,相对危险度为1.04,95%可信区间为1.03~1.06,P<0.001)。结论LAVI增大是AMI病例预后的一个独立危险因素,能够提供关于心肌梗死病例预后的信息,它和射血分数一起可以大大提高对心肌梗死病例预后的预测。     

左心房容积指数对急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的预后评价

目的研究左心房容积指数与急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI）治疗的预后关系。方法回顾性分析116例确诊为急性心肌梗死的患者的资料,记录其入院后一般情况及PCI治疗后3d内和12个月后左心室射血分数（1eftventrieularejectionfraction,LVEF）、左心房容积（1eftatrialvolume,LAV）、左心房容积指数（1eftatrialvolumeindex,LAVI）等。根据LAVI变化分为两组：Ⅰ组为降低组,Ⅱ组为升高组,并对两组相关资料进行比较。结果两组术前基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ⅰ组LVEF、LAV、LAVI的基础值和12个月后的随访值均比Ⅱ组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Ⅰ组12个月后LAV、LAVI较基础值降低,LVEF值升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而Ⅱ组12个月后LAV、LAVI较基础值升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;LYEF与基础值比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组心房颤动发生率、因心力衰竭再住院率明显高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义[14．8％（9／61）vs. 1.8％（1／55）,P〈0．05;16．4％（10／61）vs. 1．8％（1／55）,P〈0．05]。结论急性心肌梗死患者在直接PCI治疗后,LAVI升高预示随后发生不良后果。     

基于心脏磁共振组织追踪技术的左心房功能对急性心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

目的 基于心脏磁共振组织追踪技术(CMR-TT)的左心房功能对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法 根据3年随访期间是否发生主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)将156例AMI患者分为MACCE组32例和无MACCE组124例。比较两组患者一般临床资料及左心室、左心房功能;采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析AMI患者发生MACCE的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估左心房功能对AMI患者预后的预测效果;采用Kaplan-Meier法分析不同左心房功能患者的MACCE累积发生率。结果 MACCE组年龄、心率、LVEDV/BSA、LVESV/BSA、LAVmax/BSA、LAVmin/BSA、LAVpac/BSA、合并糖尿病、高血压、高血脂、killip心功能分级≥3级、出院后使用利尿剂患者比例均高于无MACCE组,LVEF、Es、Ea、Ee、SRs、SRe、SRa、LAEF reservoir、LAEF conduit、LAEF booster均低于无MACCE组,两组患者冠状动脉病变部位构成比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示...     

二维斑点追踪超声心动图评价急性心肌梗死患者左心房应变功能

目的应用二维斑点追踪超声心动图评价急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者左心房应变功能。方法对AMI患者40例及对照组30例采用常规超声心动图测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱E峰,组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环舒张早期e峰,并计算E/e值。存储心尖四腔心及两腔心动态图像,比较两组间左心房储存时期(即左心室收缩期)整体纵向应变峰值,分析AMI组左心房纵向应变与E/e值相关性。结果 AMI组左心房整体纵向应变较对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。AMI患者左心房整体应变与E/e值成显著负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.35,P0.01)。结论左心房纵向应变是评价AMI患者左心室充盈压的一个较好的指标。     

小剂量倍他乐克对急性心肌梗死预后的影响

1993年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,我院应用小剂量倍他乐克治疗急性心肌梗死 ( AMI) ,旨在探讨该药对临床预后的影响。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料本组 98例 AMI病人均符合 1979年 WHO/AMI诊断标准。病人发病后 1周内入院 ,无严重窦性心动过缓 (心率 <55次 /分 ) ,高度房室传导阻滞 ,严重低血压 (收缩压 <10 0 mm Hg,1mm Hg=0 .133k Pa) ,无非心脏性严重疾患 ,随机分为倍他乐克组( 50例 )和对照组 4 8例。1.2　方法病人入选倍他乐克组后立即给予倍他乐克 (阿斯特拉制药有限公司生产的美托洛尔制剂 ) 12 .5mg,2次 /日 ,在心率、血压、心功…     

血压对急性心肌梗死的预后影响

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病中病情最危重的一种类型,具有较高的复发率及死亡率,严重威胁着人们的身体健康.其发病人群以老年人为主,但近年来AMI的发病人群具有年轻化的趋势.为此,探讨AMI的预后影响因素至关重要.众所周知,血压对于AMI患者预后的影响是巨大的,但是目前AMI患者的血压控制目标仍存在争议...     

吸烟对急性心肌梗死影响的研究进展

急性心肌梗死是临床上常见的危及患者生命的疾病,是人类发病和死亡的重要原因。吸烟是急性心肌梗死最重要且可改变的危险因素,对心肌梗死的影响贯穿始终。戒烟能降低心肌梗死的发病率、再梗死率和死亡率,改善患者的生活质量。现就吸烟对急性心肌梗死影响的研究进展做一综述。     

梗死前心绞痛对合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者左心室功能的近期影响。方法　 2 2 2例行选择性冠状动脉造影和多普勒超声心动图的首次AMI患者 ,其中有 12 7例合并有糖尿病 ,分组比较梗死前心绞痛对肌酸激酶 (CK)峰值浓度和左心室功能的影响。共分为以下 4组进行观察。非糖尿病有梗死前心绞痛组 (A组 ) 43例 ,非糖尿病无梗死前心绞痛组 (B组 )5 2例 ,糖尿病有梗死前心绞痛组 (C组 ) 60例 ,糖尿病无梗死前心绞痛组 67例。结果　CK、CK MB的峰值浓度A组显著低于B组 (P <0 .0 1) ,左心室射血分数 (LVEF)值A组显著高于B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。C组与D组各项指标比较差异均无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　梗死前心绞痛在无糖尿病的AMI患者中能够限制梗死面积 ,保护左心室功能 ,而在合并糖尿病的AMI患者中 ,对心脏的保护作用不明显 ,说明糖尿病可能阻止缺血预适应     

NT-proBNP的检测在急性心肌梗死中的应用

目的探讨N末端B型脑钠尿肽（NT-proBNP）在急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床应用价值。方法应用电化学发光法检测急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者53例血中NT-proBNP的水平变化,分析其与心功能分级的关系。对照组为健康体检者24例,均已排除心、脑血管疾病。结果急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者血中NT-proBNP水平显著高于正常心功能对照组（P〈0.01）。患病组心功能≥Ⅱ级组血NT-proBNP显著高于心功能Ⅰ级组,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅳ级患者组各组间血清NT-proBNP水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,随着心功能级数递增,NT-proBNP水平增高。NT-proBNP与Killip分级呈正相关。结论AMI后心脏钠尿肽系统激活,其改变与心功能损伤程度有关,因此NT-proBNP的测定可为临床诊断提供依据。     

急性心肌梗死合并左心室血栓的研究现状

左心室血栓形成是急性心肌梗死严重的并发症之一,尤其在急性前壁心肌梗死中的发生率更高,栓子脱落后主要可使体循环动脉栓塞,可引起脑、脾和肾等重要脏器功能障碍及肢体功能障碍而产生严重后果.因此,如何预防、早期诊断左心室血栓形成及防治不良后果,在临床医疗有重要意义.现对急性心肌梗死合并左心室血栓形成的研究状况做一综述.     

Repeated Low-dose of Erythropoietin is Associated with Improved Left Ventricular Function in Rat Acute Myocardial Infarction Model

Objective To evaluate the potential protective affects of Epo on left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Epo was injected into the peritoneum of male Wistar rats (250 g) during 6 weeks post induction of MI. Rats were divided into five groups: MI treated with single high dose (MT1, 5,000 U/kg, n = 10), single high dose (5,000 U/kg) and repeated high doses (MTHi, 1,000 U/kg twice a week; n = 8), or single high dose (5,000 U/kg) and repeated low doses (MTLo, 750 U/kg once a week, n = 10), MI non-treated (MNT, n = 10), sham (S, n = 5). Echocardiography was performed 3.6 ± 1.5 days and 43.7 ± 2.3 days post MI. Collagen deposition and infarct size were measured on histological sections using computerized image analysis. Apoptosis was assessed by ApopTag staining. Results Baseline fractional shortening (FS) was similar between groups. Six weeks after MI the FS of MTLo (26.9%) was significantly higher compared to MNT (17.8%), MT1 (19.5%) and MTH (22.3%) (p = 0.01). However, remodeling indices (end diastolic and end systolic areas, LV circumference) did not improve in the Epo groups, and even worsened in the MTHi group. There was significantly less collagen staining in non-infarct areas in MT1 and MTHi groups compared to MNT and MTLo (0.38 ± 0.3%, 0.49 ± 0.34%, vs 0.89 ± 0.41%, 0.95 ± 0.33%, respectively, p < 0.001). The number of ApopTag positive nucleus was significantly higher in the MNT group compared to the MT1, MTHi, MTLo groups (14.4 ± 8, 7.6 ± 4, 5.8 ± 7, 4.8 ± 5, respectively, p = 0.01 for trend). Conclusion Repeated low doses of Epo after MI improved LV function, but the role of Epo on remodeling is not clear. It did not reduce left ventricular indices, but reduces fibrosis and apoptosis. High Epo doses reduced LV function and aggravated remodeling.     

Underuse of Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Left Bundle Branch Block

Thrombolytic therapy reduces mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). The difficulty in accurately diagnosing AMI in patients with LBBB, however, might result in their undertreatment. Among 3,890 patients hospitalized with chest pain, 241 (6.2%) had LBBB at presentation. The only variable independently associated with AMI among patients with LBBB was in‐hospital left ventricular failure (odds ratio [OR]: 4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–9.57, p < 0.0005). Only 16 (29%) of the LBBB patients with AMI received thrombolytic therapy compared with 583 (78%) of the 747 patients with ST‐elevation AMI (p < 0.0005). A further 19 (10%) LBBB patients without AMI also received thrombolysis. Difficulty in making an accurate early diagnosis in patients with LBBB ensures that the majority of those with AMI fail to receive thrombolytic therapy while others without AMI are treated inappropriately. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed for patients with acute coronary syndromes and LBBB. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者左室重构的影响

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗能够有效防止左室重构 ,改善左室功能 ,但其作用机制和实行时机尚不明确。通过对其作用机制及实行时机的研究 ,为及时、有效实行PCI提供理论依据。     

急性心肌梗死患者合并左心衰与肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌红蛋白浓度的关系

目的探讨肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Mb)浓度与急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并左心衰的关系。为左心衰患者的临床诊断提供依据。方法AMI无合并心力衰竭组171例,于胸痛发作后3h抽静脉血3mL送检。AMI合并左心衰组127例,于胸痛发作后3h表现为有左心衰症状时抽静脉血3mL。采用全自动微粒子化学发光分析仪定量检测cTnI、Mb。结果AMI无合并心衰组cTnI的浓度为(16.71±14.19)μg/L,Mb的浓度为(522.22±392.22)μg/L。AMI患者cTnI于胸痛3h后随时间增加而逐步增高,有左心衰症状时cTnI的浓度为(29.08±21.97)μg/L,Mb的浓度为(1010.96±935.98)μg/L,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AMI患者cTnI浓度与心肌梗死部位及面积大少有关,cTnI浓度的测定对AMI合并左心衰的诊治有较大意义。     

Prevalence of Early Left Ventricular Thrombus after Primary Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction

The prevalence of left ventricular (LV) thrombus after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported high at 20–60%. Current reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis have shown a trend toward reducing the incidence of LV thrombosis. However, the prevalence of LV thrombus after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI has not been systematically studied. At Massachusetts General Hospital 71 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute ST elevation MI were reviewed for the prevalence of LV thrombus evaluated by echocardiography. Echocardiography was performed within 5 days of infarction. PCI was successful in all patients. The time delay from symptom onset to intervention was 191 minutes. Thrombolysis in Myocardiol Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow was achieved in more than 80% of cases. Only 3 patients (4%) had echocardiographic evidence of LV thrombus. All 3 patients had anterior infarctions. The incidence among patients with anterior MI was 10% (3 of 30 patients). The prevalence of LV thrombus in patients treated with primary PCI for AMI is low (4%).     

急性心肌梗死病人左心室重构及心功能的影响因素

目的观察冠心病各种危险因素对急性心肌梗死病人左室重构和心功能的影响.方法 124例急性心肌梗死病人应用超声测定心脏各项指标,分析血压、血脂、吸烟、血尿酸等冠心病危险因素对急性心肌梗死病人左室射血分数(LVEF)的影响,以及高血压对左室重构和功能的影响.结果急性心肌梗死时的收缩压与LVEF值呈明显负相关,收缩压越高,LVEF值越低(P<0.05).其他冠心病危险因素舒张压、血脂、吸烟、血尿酸与LVEF值变化无明显相关性.有高血压病的心肌梗死病人LVEF值明显降低,左室舒张末期内径和左室质量显著高于无高血压病组病人(P<0.001).结论高血压病对急性心肌梗死病人左室重构和心脏功能有明显的影响.     

Unusual Site of Left Ventricular Thrombus after Acute Myocardial Infarction

Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation is a frequent complication in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI). Its incidence is lower with inferior wall MI. Risk factors for the development of LV thrombus are consistently irrespective of infarct treatment and include large infarct size, severe apical akinesia or dyskinesia LV aneurysm, and anterior MI.     

Quantification of Left Ventricular Wall Dysfunction by M-Mode Echocardiographic Mapping in Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

ABSTRACT Echocardiographic mapping was performed in 44 patients on arrival in hospital and day 2 following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function the per cent deviation of the mean systolic wall velocity (PD-V) from the normal was measured from 16 LV segments. Adequate data were obtained from 89% of the segments. The number of hypokinetic segments was somewhat higher in anterior than inferior AMI, reaching significance (p<0.05) on day 2. Dyskinetic segments were also more common in patients with anterior infarction (p<0.001), who also had significantly higher enzyme maxima than patients with inferior AMI (p<0.01). Enzyme maxima correlated well with the sum of PD-V from all hypokinetic segments on day 1 (r = 0.79, p<0.01). Compensatory hyperkinesia was more common in inferior than anterior AMI (p<0.001). Global LV function, estimated by subtracting the number of hyper- from hypokinetic segments (score σ S: Adj), was significantly related to heart failure (Killip classification) (p<0.01) and the respiratory rate (r = 0.71, p<0.01) in the acute phase as well as to heart failure during the first post AMI month (New York Heart Association classification).