血清胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸与急性脑梗死及长期预后的相关性

目的:探讨血清胱抑素C (Cys-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与急性脑梗死、病情严重程度、长期预后的关系.方法:选择收治我院神经内科的急性脑梗死患者120例为观察组,选择门诊健康体检者100例为对照组,观察组患者根据入院时NIHSS评分进行分组,抽血化验比较血清Cys-C、Hcy的水平并进行相关性分析,所有患者出院3个月后采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分再次分组,分析入院时血清Cys-C、Hcy水平与急性脑梗死长期预后的关系.结果:①观察组和对照组Cys-C(1.18 ±0.22 mg/L比0.78±0.16 mg/L),Hcy(16.82±4.38 μmol/L比8.86±3.32 μmol/L),比较差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01),相关性分析显示血清Cys-C与Hcy呈正相关(r=0.412,P＜0.01).②不同神经功能缺损程度患者血清Cys-C、Hcy比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③3个月后预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分)入院时血清Cys-C、Hcy水平明显低于预后不良组(mRS评分3～6分)(P＜0.05).结论:血清Cys-C、Hcy共同参与了急性脑梗死的发生,在一定程度上反映了病情的轻重程度,影响长期预后.     

老年同型半胱氨酸与C反应蛋白水平与冠心病发病的相关性

目的观察老年冠心病（CHD）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、C反应蛋白（CLIP）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平的变化及临床意义。方法检测并比较42例稳定型心绞痛患者（SAP组）、67例急性冠状动脉综合征患者（ACS组）及82例健康查体者（对照组）的Hcy、ClIP、LDL-C水平。结果SAP、ACS组血浆Hcy、CRP、LDL-C水平明显高于对照组（P均〈0．05）,SAP与ACS组比较,Hcy、CRP水平有统计学差异（P〈0．01）,LDL-C水平无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;不同狭窄支数患者的Hcy、CRP水平比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论Hcy和CRP可作为预测老年CHD严重程度的指标,LDL-C对老年CHD严重程度的预测价值不高。     

血浆 Lp-PLA2、HCY、血脂水平预测急性脑梗死的价值

目的：探讨血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、血脂水平预测急性脑梗死的价值。方法选择急性脑梗死患者131例（观察组）、健康体检者41例（对照组）,检测两组血浆Lp-PLA2、HCY及血脂水平,并进行相关性分析。结果与对照组比较,观察组血浆Lp-PLA2、HCY、LDL-C水平明显升高,HDL-C水平明显降低（P均＜0．05）;Logistic回归分析显示,血浆Lp-PLA2与HCY、LDL-C呈正相关（r分别0．187、0．158,P均＜0．05）,与HDL-C呈负相关（r＝－0．232,P＜0．01）,与TC、TG无相关性。结论血浆Lp-PLA2、HCY、血脂参与了急性脑梗死的病理生理过程;三者联合检测可提高急性脑梗死的预测价值。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与缺血性脑血管病的关系及其与病情严重程度的关系.方法 酶联免疫吸附法检测90例脑梗死患者、44例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者和40例同期门诊体检者(对照组)血浆Hcy水平,并记录脑血管病患者的传统危险因素;对脑梗死组患者进行神经系统功能缺损评分(NIHSS).分析血浆Hcy水平与缺血性脑血管病的关系及其与缺血性脑血管病的部分类型以及病情严重程度的相关性.结果 缺血性脑血管病组、脑梗死组与TIA组患者血浆Hcy水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05),脑梗死与TIA患者血浆Hcy水平比较无差异(P＞0.05);血浆Hcy水平与NIHSS评分无明显相关性(r =0.155,P=0.323).结论 血浆Hcy水平升高可能是与传统危险因素无关的缺血性脑血管病的独立危险因素,但Hcy水平与其类型及临床表现严重程度无关.     

脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平变化在颈动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死发病过程中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测75例脑梗死患者和45例健康对照者的血浆Hcy水平,颈部血管超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化程度。结果脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化发生率及硬化程度均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,脑梗死合并颈动脉粥样硬化者的血浆Hcy水平明显高于无颈动脉粥样硬化者（P〈0．05）,颈动脉中重度狭窄脑梗死患者的Hcy水平高于颈动脉轻度狭窄患者（P〈0．05）。结论高水平Hcy是脑梗死发生的独立危险因素,它通过促进颈动脉粥样硬化进程而导致脑梗死,监测血浆Hcy水平变化有助于脑梗死早期预防及干预治疗。     

急性脑梗死早期患者血糖水平对预后的影响

目的：观察急性脑梗死早期患者血糖水平对预后的影响。方法104例发病72 h内入院的急性脑梗死患者,入院后立即行血清葡萄糖测试,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（ NIHSS）进行评分,运用改良Rankin残障量表评分（mRs）评估预后。结果104例急性脑梗死患者中,43例（41．3％）出现高血糖,高血压（OR＝3．655,95％CI：1．218～10．969,P＜0．05）、糖尿病（OR＝17．714,95％CI：3．568～87．939,P＜0．05）、NIHSS评分（OR＝2．731,95％CI：1．637～5．458,P＜0．05）为急性脑梗死后高血糖的独立危险因素。 NIHSS评分（OR＝0．322,95％CI：0．181～0．572,P＜0．05）、高血糖（OR＝6．782,95％CI：1．654～26．373,P＜0．05）为预后不良的独立危险因素。结论部分急性脑梗死患者早期血糖升高,高血糖为急性脑梗死预后不良的独立危险因素。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血浆11—去氢—血栓烷B2测定及其临床意义

目的 观察系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者体内血小板活化状态。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测32例SLE患者血浆11－去氢－血栓烷B2（DH－TXB2）,同时测定TXB2,并与对照组比较。结果 与对照组比较,SLE患者血浆DH－TXB2、TXB2均显著增高（P＜0．01及P＜0．05）,且DH－TXB2增高程度明显高于TXB2,对对照组无重叠,肾受累者显著高于无肾脏受累者（P＜0．05）,经治疗者显著低于初发未治疗者（P＜0．01）,但仍高于对照组（P＜0．05）。血浆TXB2与DH－TXB2浓度与疾病活动指数均呈正相关（r1＝0．478,P＜0．05及r2＝0．530,P＜0．01）。结论 血浆DH－TXB2水平测定是准确反映血小板活化的指标,SLE患者体内血小板高度活化。     

扩张型心肌病血浆降钙素基因相关肽水平变化及其意义

为研究扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平的变化规律及意义，采用放射免疫分析法测定35例DCM患者及30例对照者的血浆CGRP水平。结果：DCM组血浆CGRP水平明显高于对照组（P＜0．05），与左室射血分数是显著负相关（r＝－0．79，P＜0．001），与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关（r＝0．87，P＜0．001），20例DCM患者治疗后血浆CGRP水平明显降低（P＜0．05）。提示血浆CGRP水平增高程度与病情严重程度一致，系作为重要的防御和代偿机制参与DCM充血性心力衰竭的病理生理过程。     

同型半胱氨酸、缺血修饰蛋白与非 ST 段抬高急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的：分析血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、缺血修饰蛋白（IMA）与急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者冠状动脉病变的程度的关系。方法选择NSTEMI患者89例作为观察组,40例健康者为对照组,检测并比较两组血浆同型半胱氨酸（ Hcy）、缺血修饰蛋白（ IMA）、心肌钙蛋白I（ cTnI）和血脂水平。观察组患者同时行冠状动脉造影检查,应用Gensini评分系统评价患者冠状动脉病变程度,比较NSTEMI患者不同冠状动脉病变支数、狭窄程度Hcy、IMA水平。结果观察组、对照组Hcy分别为（19．75±7．91）、（10．31±5．12）μmol/L;IMA分别为（35．31±12．74）、（5．28±1．33） U/mL。两组比较,P均＜0．01。 NSTEMI患者不同冠状动脉病变支数、狭窄程度Hcy、IMA比较均有统计学差异（ P均＜0．05）。 NSTEMI患者Hcy、IMA均与Gensini积分、cTnI、TC、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（ P＜0．05）。结论 NSTEMI患者血浆Hcy、IMA水平升高,病变支数越多患者Hcy、IMA水平越高,狭窄程度越严重患者Hcy、IMA水平越高。     

NT-proBNP、Hcy诊断急性冠脉综合征的临床研究

目的探讨NT—proBNP、Hcy诊断急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的临床意义。方法对70例AMI患者、50例UAP患者、50例SAP患者和50例健康体检者的血浆NT—proBNP、Hey水平进行比较分析。ACS患者均行冠状动脉造影术,并对其病变程度进行评估。结果AMI组和UAP组患者血浆NT—proBNP水平显著高于SAP组及对照组（P〈0．05）,而SAP组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;ACS组、SAP组血浆Hcy水平均高于对照组,各组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。随着冠脉病变支数增加,ACS患者血浆NT—proBNP、Hcy水平逐渐升高（P〈0．05）。ACS患者中,心血管事件组血浆NT—proBNP、Hcy水平明显高于无心血管事件组（p〈0．05）。结论急性冠脉综合征患者的血浆NT—proBNP、Hcy水平均与冠状动脉粥样化病变程度密切相关,是ACS心血管不良事件的预测因子。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.