IL-17C参与炎症性疾病的机制概述

IL-17C是由上皮细胞分泌的细胞因子,通过与特异性的受体IL-17RE结合诱导炎症因子、趋化因子以及抗菌肽的释放,在抵抗胞外细菌、真菌感染的宿主防御以及各种自身免疫性炎症疾病的发病机制中起到重要的作用。本文主要从IL-17C的细胞来源、受体及信号转导等基本方面进行概述,并讨论IL-17C参与多种炎症性疾病的可能机制。     

IL-17+ γδT细胞

IL-17是一种重要的炎症介质,最近研究显示,除了Th17细胞,γδT细胞也能够产生IL-17,并且比αβT细胞产生得更为迅速.与Th17细胞一样,γδT细胞产生IL-17的能力受多种因素影响,并和某些与IL-17相关的疾病有着密切联系,这对相关疾病的致病机制有了新认识,也为这些疾病的治疗提供了新思路.现就近年来对γδTT细胞产生IL-17能力的研究,以及这群细胞和疾病的关系进行简要综述.     

IL-17F与疾病相关的研究进展

IL-17F是IL-17家族中一个新近发现的成员,目前认为其是促炎症细胞因子并与IL-17A有着相似而又独特的生物学功能。作为Th17细胞所分泌的另一重要细胞因子,IL-17F可诱导多种趋化因子和细胞因子的表达,参与免疫细胞应答及炎症反应,在感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病及过敏性疾病的发病过程中发挥重要作用。深入研究IL-17F将为进一步揭示相关疾病的发病机制并制定相应的免疫治疗策略提供新的理论依据和思路。     

IL-17/IL-17R与恶性肿瘤

IL-17是新近被确认的一种细胞因子,由T细胞、中性粒细胞等产生,其靶细胞分布广泛。IL-17具有强大的招募中性粒细胞、促进多种细胞释放炎性因子、促进细胞增殖的作用,被认为参与了机体多种炎症疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤等的发生,本文就IL-17/IL-17R在肿瘤中的研究进展做一综述。     

IL-17与疾病相关的研究进展

IL-17是目前新发现的主要由CD4+记忆T淋巴细胞、单核细胞等分泌的一种前炎性细胞因子,具有强大的招募中性粒细胞、促进多种细胞释放炎性因子、促进细胞增殖及抑制部分肿瘤生长等多种生物学作用,目前研究发现其与机体多种疾病相关,特别是肺部感染、哮喘、类风湿性关节炎、器官移植、肠道炎症等炎症性疾病关系密切,本文就IL-17在各种疾病中的作用加以综述.     

IL-23/IL-17炎症轴与炎症性肠病的关系研究进展

肠黏膜慢性炎症损伤是炎症性肠病(IBD)的重要病变特点,研究表明白细胞介素23(IL-23)/IL-17炎症轴参与肠黏膜炎性损伤并参与IBD的发生、发展、治疗与转归。IL-23为IL-17重要上游分子,可促进Th17细胞活化、增殖和炎性细胞因子的分泌,并参与IBD病变局部中性粒细胞、单核巨噬细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)和3型固有淋巴细胞(ILC3)等多种免疫细胞炎性应答过程。IBD病变局部IL-23和IL-17表达升高,其形成的IL-23/IL-17炎症轴一方面通过抑制Treg而破坏肠道免疫耐受微环境,另一方面可激活自身反应性T细胞应答加剧肠黏膜炎性病理损伤。尽管临床研究表明IL-23/IL-17为多种炎症相关疾病的治疗靶点,靶向阻断IL-23治疗IBD也初见成效,但动物实验表明阻断IL-17并未减轻IBD肠道炎症,因此,深入理解IL-17/IL-23炎症轴与IBD的关系对其治疗的研究十分必要。     

IL-17与疾病相关的研究进展

IL-17是目前新发现的主要由CD4 记忆T淋巴细胞、单核细胞等分泌的一种前炎性细胞因子，具有强大的招募中性粒细胞、促进多种细胞释放炎性因子、促进细胞增殖及抑制部分肿瘤生长等多种生物学作用，目前研究发现其与机体多种疾病相关，特别是肺部感染、哮喘、类风湿性关节炎、器官移植、肠道炎症等炎症性疾病关系密切，本文就IL-17在各种疾病中的作用加以综述。     

IL-17在宫颈癌患者中的表达

白细胞介素-17（interleukin-17,IL-17）是一类主要由活化CD4＋T淋巴细胞产生的具有促炎作用的细胞因子发挥着清除细胞外病原体的重要作用,与自身免疫和肿瘤发生发展密切相关。Thl7细胞的发现,改变了人们对免疫调节、免疫病理和宿主防御的认识[1]。     

IL-17+γδT细胞在相关疾病中的免疫作用

IL-17是一类重要的促炎症因子,近年来大量研究发现,除了Th17细胞外,γδT细胞也是IL-17的重要来源。IL-17+γδT细胞可以参与多种疾病的诱发和发展,在感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤等的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

产生IL-17的γδT细胞概述

IL-17是一类重要的促炎症因子,近年由于Th17细胞这种以产生IL-17为主的CD4+αβT亚群的发现而备受关注。然而大量研究发现γδT细胞也是IL-17的重要来源。在多种疾病的小鼠模型中,γδT细胞的某些亚群能通过早期产生大量IL-17,在感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤等的发生发展中扮演重要角色。有趣的是,γδT细胞经历了异于Th17细胞的胸腺内发育发育过程,未经胸腺内抗原致敏的γδT细胞即能分化为产生IL-17的功能亚群。最近有研究证实人类的γδT细胞也能产生的IL-17。下面就产生IL-17的γδT细胞的特征,发育及生物学作用等方面作一简短综述。     

Th17细胞与气道变应性疾病

气道变应性疾病传统上认为是以Th2型免疫应答占优势的Th1/Th2细胞功能失衡所致.近年来,大量研究证实Th17细胞在气道变应性炎症中发挥重要作用,使人们对气道变应性疾病有了崭新的认识.IL-17A能促进中性粒细胞的募集、活化,促进炎症反应;IL-23-Th1轴不仅能诱导中性粒细胞性气道炎症,还能正调节嗜酸性粒细胞性气...     

The roles of IL-17A in inflammatory immune responses and host defense against pathogens

Summary: T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are a newly discovered CD4⁺ helper T-cell subset that produces interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F. IL-17A plays important roles in allergic responses such as delayed-type hypersensitivity, contact hypersensitivity, and allergic airway inflammation. IL-17A promotes inflammation by inducing various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, recruiting neutrophils, enhancing antibody production, and activating T cells. IL-17A expression is also augmented in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Using mouse models of these diseases, we found that IL-17A plays a central role in their development. IL-6 is required for the development of Th17 cells and tumor necrosis factor functions downstream of IL-17A during the effector phase. IL-1 is important both for developing Th17 cells and eliciting inflammation. Th17 cells, like Th1 and Th2 cells, are involved in host defense against infections, but the contribution of these Th subsets to defense mechanisms differs among pathogens. The roles of IL-17F remain largely unknown. In this review, we introduce how IL-17A/IL-17F are involved in inflammatory immune responses and host defense mechanisms and discuss their relationship with other cytokines in the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases.     

Th17细胞的分化调控与自身免疫性疾病

Th17细胞是最近发现的一种在分化和功能上均不同于Th1和Th2的新型CD4＋T细胞亚群.该群细胞以主要分泌细胞因子IL-17而得名.IL-6、TGF-β、IL-21及IL-23等对Th17细胞的分化调控发挥重要作用.研究表明,Th17细胞可参与多种自身免疫性疾病的发生、发展与转归.     

IL-17B: A new area of study in the IL-17 family

The interleukin (IL)-17 superfamily, a relatively new family of cytokines, consists of six ligands (from IL-17A to IL-17F), which bind to five receptor subtypes (from IL-17RA to IL-17RE) and induce downstream signaling. IL-17A, a prototype member of this family, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergies, autoimmune diseases, allograft transplantations, and malignancies. Unlike IL-17A, which is mainly produced by T helper 17 cells, IL-17B is widely expressed in various tissues. Recently, the biological function of IL-17B in diseases, particularly tumors, has attracted the attention of researchers. We previously reported that the expression of IL-17RB increased in gastric cancer tissues and demonstrated that IL-17B/IL-17RB signaling plays a critical role in gastric tumor progression. However, studies on IL-17B are scant. In this review, we detail the structural characteristics, expression patterns, and biological activities of IL-17B and its potential role in the pathogenesis of diseases.     

IL-17 cytokine family

A new family of cytokines, IL-17, has recently been defined that reveals a distinct ligand-receptor signaling system. Functional studies have provided evidence for its importance in the regulation of immune responses. Notably, 3 members, IL-17A, IL-17E (IL-25), and IL-17F, have been best characterized both in vitro and in vivo , and have been shown to be proinflammatory in nature. This proinflammatory activity is exemplified by their involvement in pulmonary inflammatory responses, in which both IL-17A and IL-17F are involved in the recruitment of neutrophils, and IL-17E is able to induce T H 2 cytokine production and eosinophilia. Although the elucidation of a detailed mechanism of action continues to be an active area of research, the potent inflammatory activity and its association with various human disease states suggest this new cytokine family as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of human disease conditions, in particular the pulmonary diseases.     

Th17细胞及白细胞介素17A在慢性气道炎症性疾病中的作用

长期以来,人们对于T淋巴细胞的研究集中在辅助性T细胞1型、2型(Th1、Th2)、调节性T细胞(Treg)以及细胞毒性T细胞(Tc)等亚群上。传统理论认为,Th1细胞介导细胞免疫,在抗胞内菌感染的过程中发挥作用;而Th2细胞介导体液免疫,与过敏性疾病以及抗寄生虫感染的过程紧密相关。Th1/Th2失衡被认为是许多疾病产生和发展的重要因素。     

C-型凝集素家族在Th17细胞免疫反应中的作用

Th17细胞是近年来发现的一群新的细胞亚群,在感染、自身免疫性及肿瘤等疾病中发挥重要作用,是目前研究的热点之一.而C-型凝集素是一类重要的模式识别受体,能调节Th1细胞和Th17细胞间的免疫平衡,识别真菌等多种病原体,在抗感染免疫中具有重要作用.近年来有大量的研究发现,多种C-型凝集素受体参与Th17细胞的分化.因而对其深入研究可明确疾病的发病机制,为疾病的治疗提供了新的思路和靶点.     

Interleukin-17 and its expanding biological functions

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells have been shown to play important roles in inflammation and the immune response. IL-17 is believed to be mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a unique helper T-cell subset different from Th1 and Th2 cells. Other subsets of T cells such as γδT and natural killer T (NKT) cells have also been found to produce IL-17 in response to innate stimuli. IL-17 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that can induce the release of certain chemokines, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and antimicrobial peptides from mesenchymal and myeloid cells. This leads to the expansion and accumulation of neutrophils in the innate immune system and links innate and adaptive immunity in vivo. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, allograft transplantation and even malignancy. They may also play protective roles in host defense against infectious diseases and promote induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against cancer. Targeting of the IL-17 axis is under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.     

IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells and liver diseases,with focus on autoimmune liver diseases

The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-17-producing cells are important players in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune / inflammatory diseases. More recently, they have been associated with liver diseases. This review first describes the general knowledge on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells. The second part describes the in vitro and in vivo effects of IL-17 on liver cells and the contribution of IL-17 producing cells to liver diseases. IL-17 induces immune cell infiltration and liver damage driving to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and contributes to autoimmune liver diseases. The circulating levels of IL-17 and the frequency of IL-17-producing cells are elevated in a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases. The last part focuses on the effects of IL-17 deletion or neutralization in various murine models. Some of these observed beneficial effects suggest that targeting the IL-17 axis could be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent chronicity and progression of various liver diseases.     

IL-17 signaling in host defense and inflammatory diseases

Interleukin (IL)-17, the signature cytokine secreted by T helper (Th) 17 cells, plays important roles in host defense against extracellular bacterial infection and fungal infection and contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Here we review the recent advances in IL-17-mediated functions with emphasis on the studies of IL-17-mediated signal transduction, providing perspective on potential drug targets for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.