鼻内镜下鼻整形术同期鼻中隔偏曲畸形矫正

目的探讨鼻内镜下同期矫治鼻畸形及鼻中隔偏曲的手术方法与效果。方法鼻内镜下采用Killian切口和与其相连的大翼软骨间切口,显露畸形鼻骨结构及鼻中隔偏曲部位,松解牵拉力量,鼻中隔成形术消除鼻中隔畸形,截骨及复位鼻骨,使其解剖复位,重塑鼻支架。结果本组27例,均获满意效果,无复发和并发症。结论本方法可同时矫正鼻中隔及外鼻畸形,消除致畸原因,重塑外鼻支架,达到了恢复鼻腔通气功能与外鼻美容的双重效果。     

同期鼻中隔和鼻整形术

目的：探讨同期鼻中隔和鼻整形术治疗伴有鼻中隔偏曲的歪鼻、驼峰鼻、鹰嘴鼻等外鼻畸形的手术方法和效果。方法：采用鼻侧软骨与大翼软骨间切口，单面一边骨膜蒂骨瓣截骨法处理骨锥畸形，联合“转门法”矫正鼻中隔偏曲。结果：36例均获满意效果，随访32例受术者1～15年，无复发和并发症。结论：本手术方法既避免了鼻骨及鼻中隔软骨的游离移位和鼻黏膜损伤，又保证了鼻骨和鼻中隔软骨的血供，在矫正了外鼻畸形的同时，又矫正了偏曲的鼻中隔，收到外鼻美容与恢复鼻腔通气功能的双重功效。     

鼻中隔偏曲矫正合并鼻尖整形术

目的 探讨鼻中隔偏曲矫正术同时行鼻尖整形术的方法与效果.方法 采用鼻小柱"V"形切几、鼻小柱人中结合部"V"形切口以及鼻侧软骨和鼻翼软骨间切口入路,显露畸形的鼻中隔软骨及侧鼻、鼻翼软骨和鼻骨结构,采用弯曲侧鼻中隔软骨切开及鼻巾隔软骨完伞游离等方法矫正鼻中隔畸形.利用鼻翼软骨外侧角离断或切除以提升鼻尖,缩小鼻头或利用鼻中隔软骨移植方法进行鼻尖整形,加固鼻中隔并调整鼻背对称性.适情况行"V-Y"皮瓣推进以减少鼻尖张力.结果 本组共15例患者,经1～12个月的随访,均获得满意效果,无复发和并发症发生.结论 本手术方法不但矫正了弯曲的鼻中隔,改善了鼻通气,同时利用鼻中隔软骨移植等方法重塑了鼻尖结构,矫正畸形的同时重塑鼻尖美容.     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形伴鼻中隔高位偏曲的同期整复

目的 观察并探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形伴鼻中隔高位(筛骨垂直板)偏曲同期整复术的临床效果.方法 采取跨鼻小柱鼻翼软骨边缘切口,充分游离移位的组织并将其复位,同时行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术.在传统切除鼻中隔软骨偏曲部分及矫正犁骨沟偏斜的基础上,凿除偏曲的筛骨垂直板部分,并利用所取鼻中隔软骨重建鼻尖支架.结果 本组共30例患者.经1～12个月随访,所有患者鼻外形明显改善,鼻小柱居中,两侧鼻孔大小基本相等,偏曲鼻中隔软骨得到矫正,鼻塞、头痛等症状均得到明显改善.结论 单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形伴鼻中隔高位偏曲同期整复术,即通过矫正鼻中隔软骨与硬骨偏曲,从而较彻底地解决了鼻中隔偏曲问题;又通过合理利用所取鼻中隔软骨重建鼻尖支架,改善了鼻尖美学形态,是一种值得推广的手术方式.     

单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形伴歪鼻畸形的同期矫正

目的探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形伴鼻中隔偏斜及歪鼻同期矫正的手术方法。并对治疗效果进行评估。方法选择2005--2007年就诊的15例唇裂术后鼻畸形伴鼻中隔偏斜畸形患者，常规进行鼻下外侧软骨悬吊手术矫正鼻翼塌陷畸形的同时，对鼻中隔偏曲及歪鼻进行矫正。结果手术后鼻翼塌陷及鼻小柱歪斜得到有效矫正，偏斜鼻中隔软骨前端复位，术后效果比较满意。结论单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形伴鼻中隔偏斜及歪鼻的同期矫正，是一种值得推广的手术方法。     

开放式手术矫正陈旧性外伤性歪鼻畸形

目的总结治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的经验,掌握正确的歪鼻矫正技术,提高临床治疗效果.方法 1996年12月至2004年2月,采用开放式手术,完全显露歪曲的结构,松解外在及内在牵拉力量,复位鼻骨、矫直鼻中隔使其解剖复位,重塑鼻支架.结果本组患者36例,术后随访4个月至5年,优31例,良5例.鼻畸形获得满意的矫正,鼻外形恢复良好.结论外伤性歪鼻畸形多因伤后早期未获得及时有效地处理所致,经开放式手术复位鼻骨、矫直鼻中隔及鼻部整形术,消除引起畸形的原因,可取得较满意的效果.     

隆鼻入路单侧鼻翼侧缘切口歪鼻矫正术

目的:探讨歪鼻矫正并鼻中隔偏曲同期整形手术的治疗效果,改进手术方法。方法:采用隆鼻入路单侧鼻翼侧缘切口,彻底分离鼻骨上覆盖组织,凿断两侧鼻骨与上颌骨额突结合部,凿开左右鼻骨中缝,复位骨折片,术中矫正弯曲鼻中隔,鼻腔填塞凡士林油纱条,外鼻固定。结果:本组42例歪鼻畸形术后随访6月～5年,外鼻形态和功能均获满意效果,有效率100%。结论:隆鼻入路矫正歪鼻畸形合并鼻中隔偏曲不失为一种有效的方法。     

开放式手术矫正陈旧性外伤性歪鼻畸形

目的总结治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的经验，掌握正确的歪鼻矫正技术，提高临床治疗效果。方法1996年12月至2004年2月，采用开放式手术，完全显露歪曲的结构，松解外在及内在牵拉力量，复位鼻骨、矫直鼻中隔使其解剖复位，重塑鼻支架。结果本组患者36例，术后随访4个月至5年，优31例，良5例。鼻畸形获得满意的矫正，鼻外形恢复良好。结论外伤性歪鼻畸形多因伤后早期未获得及时有效地处理所致，经开放式手术复位鼻骨、矫直鼻中隔及鼻部整形术，消除引起畸形的原因，可取得较满意的效果。     

鼻中隔软骨在单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形矫治术中的应用

目的 探讨自体鼻中隔软骨在单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形矫治术中的应用及效果.方法 对31例单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形患者,将错位畸形的鼻软骨松解复位后,用自体鼻中隔软骨移植,抬高塌陷鼻翼,重塑鼻尖软骨结构以矫正单侧唇裂鼻继发畸形.结果 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,供软骨区无严重并发症发生,切口瘢痕隐蔽,经6个月至2年随访,无软骨吸收变形,鼻整形效果稳定.结论 单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,采用自体鼻中隔软骨移植矫治,既解决了软骨的取材来源,又对鼻中隔歪斜进行矫正,同时外鼻畸形矫正效果也良好.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫正的手术技巧

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫正的手术技巧,尤其是软骨支架部分的处理。方法 2006年2月~2009年5月行59例鼻中隔偏曲手术,其中42例鼻中隔软骨偏曲在非支架部位,行常规切除;6例为鼻中隔软骨部前部偏曲,以＂软骨划痕法＂矫正;11例为鼻中隔软骨部高位偏曲,以＂软骨-骨离断法＂矫正。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）对术前及手术后3个月的鼻塞症状进行评估。术后平均随访时间1年（0.25~2年）。结果术后3个月内镜下检查,58例鼻中隔矫正理想,1例以＂软骨划痕法＂矫正患者,软骨前部仍存在轻度偏曲。2例术后早期鼻中隔血肿,5例鼻腔粘连。术后3个月与术前相比,鼻塞VAS评分显著降低（P〈0.001）。结论鼻内镜下通过适当的手术方法处理不同类型的鼻中隔偏曲,尤其是以＂软骨划痕法＂和＂软骨-骨离断法＂矫正鼻中隔软骨前部及高位偏曲,疗效良好,避免了鼻中隔动、外鼻畸形及鼻中隔穿孔等并发症的发生。     

Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft nose deformity with an endonasal technique

Summary Malposition of the nasal bone, septum and the alar cartilage are striking features of the unilateral cleft nose deformity. An endonasal technique (the extramucosal) was used in 26 patients, aged 13–38 (median 19), to correct aesthetic and functional problems. Twenty-four patients were secondary and two were tertiary. The patients were followed from 1–9 years. The pathological anatomy of the septum varied considerably, so different types of septoplasties had to be done. In 20 patients, satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were obtained in one operation. Secondary corrections were indicated in six patients. In cases with no gross scarring in or around the alar cartilage, the form and position of this cartilage will be more normal once the alar cartilages have been undermined and the deviation of the nasal bone and the septum is corrected.     

Severe respiratory dysfunction in a patient with relapsing polychondritis: should we treat the saddle nose deformity?

SUMMARY: We report a case of surgical correction of a saddle nose deformity, causing severe ventilation restrictions in a 42-year-old man diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis. Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disorder, in which antibodies to type II collagen cause an inflammatory destruction of cartilage. If septal cartilage of the nose is involved, destruction leads to collapse of the dorsum of the nose, causing a saddle nose deformity. Patients suffer from a ventilation disorder of varying degree depending on the response to or onset of immunosuppressive therapy. In the described patient, the destruction of the nasal septum, in addition to unstable tracheal cartilage, caused a severe restriction in ventilation, with total collapse of the internal nasal valves during forced inspiration. To improve the function of the external airways the patient underwent surgery to reconstruct the nasal septum. Although cartilage grafts are the state of the art to reconstruct the nasal septum, we used a bone graft from the iliac crest, because the autoimmune polychondritis precludes cartilage grafting due to expected cartilage destruction. At follow up 2 years postoperatively no signs of bone resorption or deterioration of the improved airway were observed. We conclude that the use of bone grafts is a promising method to restore and improve ventilation disorders caused by a saddle nose deformity in relapsing polychondritis.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Different Approach to the Reconstruction of the Stubborn Crooked Nose with a Different Spreader Graft: Nasal Bone Grafts Harvested from the Removed Nasal Hump

Background Correction of a crooked or deviated nose is a complex cosmetic and functional problem as well as a big challenge for the rhinoplasty surgeon. Although corrections using a wide range of surgical techniques to straighten the nose and maximize nasal function have been proposed, recurrence is very common because of cartilage memory and scar contracture. Therefore, to prevent recurrence and maintain the correction of the septum, a permanent support that is stable and strong with the ability to maintain its given shape after placement on one or both sides of the septum is needed. Methods The author used a nasal bone graft. In this study, the concept and technique for correction of the crooked nose and the author’s experience using it are presented. Results This graft material was used for 12 patients with crooked noses (8 with C-type and 4 with S-type noses). During a mean follow-up period of 20 months (range, 12–36 months), there were no complications, recurrences, or extrusions. Functional evaluations were performed using a visual analog scale before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Patients were asked to score their nasal breathing on a scale ranging from 0 to 100. The mean preoperative value was 17.67% ± 1.22% (range, 15–25%), and the postoperative value was 89.88% ± 1.24% (range, 85–95%). Conclusion Use of nasal bone grafts as the spreader graft is a safe, effective, reliable, and permanent method for correction of the crooked nose. The author advises using this technique with nasal bone grafts for functional recovery and increased strength against further trauma or forces of scar contracture. This technique may prevent recurrence attributable to cartilage memory.     

Bone Chips and Diced Cartilage: An Anatomically Adopted Graft for the Nasal Dorsum

Since 1996, cranial bone chips or septal bone chips harvested during septal deviation surgery and small chips of ear or septal cartilage have been used in 67 patients for dorsal nasal augmentation or for smoothing dorsal nasal irregularities. In this study, 59 overresections of ostecartilaginous nose structures during previous aesthetic nose surgeries and 8 primary rhinoplasties occasioned the use of bone or cartilage grafts. For 57 patients both bone and ear cartilage grafts were used for the reconstruction. Bone grafts were used for seven cases and cartilage grafts for three cases.The results from 7 years, of experience with this method of nasal dorsum reconstruction were satisfactory and durable. The most important advantage of this method is that the bony side of the nose is reconstructed with bone and the cartilage side with cartilage. Another advantage is that the bone chips are incorporated with both nasal bones, building a strong dorsal nasal bony monoblack.This technique also is useful for augmenting mild saddle nose deformity and dorsal nasal projection deficiency on the bony part, cartilage part, or both parts.Presented at 16th Congress of ISAPS, Istanbul, Turkey, 26–29 May 2002 and 24th National Meeting of the Turkish Plastic Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery Society, Ankara, Turkey, 18–20 October 2002.     

The crooked nose: principles of treatment

Correction of the crooked nose is one of the most challenging procedures in rhinoplasty. The goals of the surgery are creation of a rigid and straight cartilaginous L-strut, correction of the deviated bony structures, and improvement of the nasal airway. Curvatures of the dorsal septum can be corrected with several techniques. Spreader grafts, cartilage batten grafts, or ethmoid bone grafts can be utilized for internal stenting to straighten the dorsal deviations. The surgical treatment for a deformed caudal septum with the most predictable and successful outcome is resection and replacement with a straight septal cartilage graft. In severe deviations of septum cartilage involving both dorsal and caudal portions of the L-strut, extracorporeal reconstruction of the septal cartilage may be the required method. For correction of the deviated bony pyramid, several osteotomy methods can be employed. Medial osteotomy, low-to-low or low-to -high internal lateral osteotomy, double-level lateral osteotomies, and external lateral osteotomy are the options, depending on the deformity. Dorsal onlay grafts can provide camouflage for any residual asymmetries after septal reconstruction or can be applied for dorsal augmentation.     

One-stage correction of severe nasal deformity associated with a unilateral cleft lip.

Correction of one of the abnormal features is never enough to alleviate the entire deformity in a patient with a unilateral cleft lip and deformed nose, because the factors that led to the nasal deformity have already produced changes in the lower lateral cartilage, nostril, columella, septum, and alar base. These changes should be treated together with the contributory factors. By restoring the balance of the muscles by primary repair of the lip, orthodontic treatment, and orthognathic surgery, a more symmetric skeletal base can be established. The method of repair of the lip will also influence the deformity. Bone grafting can augment the skeletal base, but it will not improve the position of the lower lateral cartilage or the deviated septum. In this paper we describe a single stage correction of all the irregularities of the nose in patients with unilateral clefts which alleviates the asymmetrical nasal deformity.     

自体肋软骨联合Medpor修复Binder综合征鼻畸形

目的:探讨利用自体肋软骨修复Bi nder综合症患者的鼻畸形并观察手术效果。方法:鼻中隔取V字形切口,沿下外侧软骨缘做边缘切口,取鼻中隔软骨,植入雕刻的肋软骨支架和鼻中隔软骨支架,利用Medpor材料进行固定成形,对6例患者进行手术,并进行为期六个月以上的随访。结果:对随访患者的鼻外形进行综合评估,受术者和术者都满意,无重大并发症发生。结论:这种方法简便可行,花费少,改善大,效果好,值得进一步推广。