何若苹辨治灼口综合征经验探析

[目的]探讨何若苹教授治疗灼口综合征的临床经验。[方法]通过随师侍诊,收集整理和记录分析何教授治疗灼口综合征的医案,分析何教授治疗灼口综合征的辨治思路,阐述何教授对该病病因病机的认识,详细论证其辨证分型,并举验案加以分析。[结果]何教授认为灼口综合征病机为肝肾亏虚、阴虚火旺,湿郁化火、熏蒸于口,气滞血瘀、瘀血阻络,通过舌诊将灼口综合征分为肝肾亏虚、湿热内蕴、气滞血瘀3个证型,以滋阴降火、清热化湿、活血化瘀之法治之,分别予六味地黄丸、甘露消毒丹、血府逐瘀汤施治,并随症加减。所举验案,何教授辨为肝肾亏虚、气阴两虚和气滞血瘀、瘀血阻络之证,分别治以滋补肝肾、益气养阴,理气活血、化瘀止痛,以六味地黄丸合黄芪生脉散、血府逐瘀汤加减治疗,获得良好疗效。[结论]何若苹教授治疗灼口综合征以辨舌为主,对灼口综合征的病因病机、辨证分型及治法方药见解独到,在辨证的基础上灵活遣方,对改善患者的临床症状、提高患者的生活质量,效果明显,值得学习与推广。     

血府逐瘀汤治疗老年性胸痹120例临床观察

血府逐瘀汤是清代名医家王清任的中医传统名方。是中医活血化瘀剂的代表方，它以其组方精当、疗效确切受历代医家推崇。笔自1992年应用血府逐瘀汤加减治疗老年瘀血性胸痹120例，临床观察总结如下。     

加减血府逐瘀汤 治疗顽固性呃逆

呃逆是以气逆上冲动膈而致的喉间呃呃连声,声短而频,令人不能自止的常见病。多数可自行消失,但一些顽固性呃逆患者长期不愈,痛苦不堪。笔者应用血府逐瘀汤治疗顽固性呃逆,取效显著。 祖国医学认为:许多顽固性疾病都是由于瘀血久滞所致,顽固性呃逆也不例外。血府逐瘀汤方出自     

何若苹教授治疗舌癌临床经验探析

[目的]介绍何若苹教授治疗舌癌的临床经验。[方法]通过跟师抄方学习、整理医案及临床观察等方式，总结探讨何若苹教授对舌癌病因病机的理解以及辨证施治的思路，并举验案加以佐证。[结果]何若苹教授认为，舌癌是由于患者心、脾、肝、肾功能失调，气血津液代谢失常，正虚邪盛，内脏毒热积聚于舌而产生的一种疾病，可分为气阴亏虚、毒热内生，心脾火毒、火毒伤络，气滞血瘀、瘀久化热3个证型，分别以益气养阴、泻热解毒，清心泻脾、解毒散结，行气活血、泻热散结之法治之。所举验案，何若苹教授辨为气阴亏虚、毒热内生证，治以益气养阴、泻热解毒，以参芪苓蛇汤、半夏厚朴汤合甘麦大枣汤加减治疗，取得了较好疗效。此外，何若苹教授强调患者需畅达情志、合理饮食以促进恢复。[结论]何若苹教授对舌癌的病因病机、辨证分型及治法方药见解独到，根据患者情况灵活遣方，在改善临床症状、提高生活质量方面效果良好，其经验值得临床推广学习。     

临证拾萃

一、血府逐瘀汤临证拾零贵德县医院高瑛玲应用血府逐瘀汤治疗瘀血引起的不寐;肠覃男性老年患者各一例。因经期涉水致额汗青年女患者一     

何若苹对膀胱癌分阶段治疗经验

[目的]总结何若苹主任中医师分阶段治疗膀胱癌的经验。[方法]通过多年侍诊及自身临床实践,从病因病机、治则治法、辨证用药特点等方面出发,归纳总结何若苹老师分阶段治疗膀胱癌的特点,并通过案例具体说明。[结果]何若苹老师倡导中西医结合,采用中医辨证和西医辨病相结合的方法,对膀胱癌提出阶段性治疗原则,分为术后灌注、随访以及姑息转移3个不同阶段。根据不同阶段的证型特点遣方用药:术后灌注阶段分灌注期与间歇期区别用药;随访阶段分瘀毒蕴结型、湿热下注型、脾肾两虚型3型辨治;姑息转移阶段以扶正为主、祛邪为辅原则治疗。所举案例经中医辨证治疗,诸证平稳。[结论]何若苹老师运用分阶段法辨治膀胱癌,取得了良好的临床疗效,对临床实践具有启示意义,具有推广应用价值。     

血府逐瘀汤治疗视网膜静脉阴塞49例

目的:观察应用血府逐瘀汤治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床疗效.方法:对49例视网膜静脉阻塞患者应用血府逐瘀汤加减治疗.结果:显效17例,有效23例,无效9例,总有效率达81.6%.结论:血府逐瘀汤可以有效的治疗视网膜静脉阻塞.     

何若苹教授运用二苓和安汤治疗肺腺癌经验

[目的]总结何若苹教授运用二苓和安汤治疗肺腺癌的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师侍诊、收集病例,从中医病因病机、汤药方义、随证加减三个方面对何若苹教授运用二苓和安汤治疗肺腺癌的理论及思路进行分析总结,并举隅医案加以佐证。[结果]何若苹教授认为,肺腺癌病机多以肺脾肾三脏不足为本,以气滞、水湿、痰饮搏结为标,故从益气养阴、补肾填精、利水渗湿、清热解毒等四个方面着手,创制二苓和安汤,随证化裁,治疗肺腺癌。对于阴亏与痰浊并存之患者,何教授先以甘露消毒汤祛其标,再对症治疗。所举验案为老年肺腺癌患者,辨证为气阴不足、痰浊内蕴,治以扶正祛邪、养阴利水,方用二苓和安汤,病情缓解,疗效确切。[结论]何若苹教授运用二苓和安汤治疗肺腺癌,体现出中医专病专方、辨病与辨证相结合的治疗特色,值得学习、总结和推广。     

何若苹辨治失眠的临证经验探析

[目的]探讨何若苹治疗失眠的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师学习及搜集、整理何师治疗失眠的典型医案,从诊治思路、遣方用药方面总结其辨治特色与临证经验,并举两则验案予以佐证。[结果]何师认为,失眠病位主要在心,与脾、肝、肾关系密切。虽病因病机多样,但不离虚、实两方面。虚者,包括心、脾、肝、肾四脏亏虚,从补心、健脾、养肝、益肾入手,分别予天王补心丹、归脾汤、酸枣仁汤、六味地黄丸加减治疗;实者,包括气滞与瘀血,以疏肝解郁、活血化瘀为治,分别予逍遥散、血府逐瘀汤、癫狂梦醒汤施治,同时随症加减,灵活使用药对。所举验案,分别以活血化瘀、疏肝健脾养心为法,方选血府逐瘀汤、逍遥散加减,患者睡眠质量均得到改善。[结论]何师从虚与实两方面论治失眠,临床疗效肯定,值得后辈学习借鉴。     

血府逐瘀汤治疗视网膜静脉阻塞49例

目的：观察应用血府逐瘀汤治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床疗效。方法：对49例视网膜静脉阻塞患者应用血府逐瘀汤加减治疗。结果：显效17例，有效23例，无效9例，总有效率达81．6％。结论：血府逐瘀汤可以有效的治疗视网膜静脉阻塞。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.