过硫酸氢钾复合盐对鸡新城疫病毒杀灭效果观察

摘要 目的 观察硫酸氢钾复合盐对鸡新城疫病毒的杀灭效果,为禽类圈舍消毒提供依据。方法 采取悬液定量方法,对过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀灭鸡新城疫病毒的效果进行观察,同时与二氧化氯泡腾片作并行比较。结果 以浓度为138 mg/L的过硫酸氢钾复合盐作用30 min,对悬液内鸡新城疫病毒达到完全杀灭;用浓度为1 300 mg/L二氧化氯消毒液作用10 min,可完全杀灭悬液内鸡新城疫病毒。结论 低浓度过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒液对鸡新城疫病毒有较好的杀灭效果。     

两种化学消毒剂对猪流行性腹泻病毒的灭活效果观察

摘要〓目的〓观察2种化学消毒剂对猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的灭活效果。方法〓采用细胞培养法和悬液定量病毒灭活试验方法，对过硫酸氢钾复合盐和二氧化氯泡腾片2种化学消毒剂灭活PEDV的效果进行观察。结果 在常温下，用浓度为115 mg/L的过硫酸氢钾复合盐或300 mg/L二氧化氯的消毒泡腾片水溶液对悬液内PEDV作用5 min，对悬液内浓度为105.25TCID50/0.1 mL的PEDV灭活对数值＞4.0。结论〓过硫酸氢钾复合盐和二氧化氯泡腾片对PEDV均有较好的杀灭作用。     

单过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀菌效果与影响因素研究

摘要 目的 〖HT5"SS〗研究单过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒剂杀菌效果与影响因素。方法 采用悬液定量杀菌实验方法,对该单过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒剂的杀菌效果与影响杀菌效果的因素进行观察。结果 用含单过硫酸氢钾复合盐1 000 mg/L的消毒液作用60 min,对悬液内枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种芽孢杀灭对数值>5.00。用含100 mg/L单过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒液作用20 min,对悬液内金黄色葡萄菌和大肠杆菌杀灭对数值均>5.00;作用7.5 min,对悬液内铜绿假单胞菌的杀灭对数值>5.00;对白色念珠菌作用20 min杀灭对数值>4.00需要150 mg/L。在10～30℃范围内,温度升高可增强单过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀菌效果;消毒液 pH值超过5.0使该消毒剂杀菌效果下降;在菌悬液内含25%以上的小牛血清可降低该消毒剂杀菌效果。结论 该单过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒剂具有广谱、高效杀菌效果,作用温度、pH值和有机物对单过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀菌效果均有影响。     

5种常用消毒剂对鸡新城疫病毒的灭活效果

摘要 目的 观察5种消毒剂对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)的灭活效果。方法 采用细胞感染法,对常用的5种化学消毒剂灭活新城疫病毒的效果进行了观察。结果 0.625 mg/L的二氯异氰尿酸钠,12.5 mg/L的过氧乙酸,50 mg/L的次氯酸钠,25 mg/L的苯扎溴铵和5 mg/L的双癸基二甲基溴化铵作用10 min,均可有效灭活对悬液内新城疫病毒。结论 本研究5种常用消毒剂在较低浓度下均可有效灭活新城疫病毒,鸡胚成纤维细胞可作为新城疫病毒的敏感细胞,用作消毒效果评价试验。     

单过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液消毒相关性能研究

摘要 目的研究室温存放对单过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液理化性能与杀菌效果的影响。方法 将单过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒剂配制成水溶液,分别检测其金属腐蚀性和室温存放不同时间后单过硫酸氢钾复合盐含量及pH值,采用悬液定量杀菌试验观察水溶液存放前后的杀菌效果。结果 含单过硫酸氢钾复合盐1 000 mg/L的消毒液对不锈钢、铝、铜和碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.0015、0.0689、0.8047和2.7705。其水溶液 （25 ±1） ℃存放24 h,有效浓度下降率＞10%。存放5 d后,pH值由5.14下降至4.12,存放15 d,pH值下降至2.05,存放23 d,pH值下降至1.73。新鲜配制的单过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液有效浓度1 000 mg/L作用60 min对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的杀灭对数值>5.00;水溶液经（25±1） ℃存放5 d后,单过硫酸氢钾复合盐500 mg/L作用15 min对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢杀灭对数值>5.00。结论 单过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液能够杀灭枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢,对金属有不同程度腐蚀性,水溶液的稳定性差。     

过硫酸氢钾复合盐对禽类常见细菌病原微生物杀灭效果观察

摘要 目的 观察过硫酸氢钾复合盐对禽类常见细菌病原微生物的杀灭效果，为禽类圈舍消毒提供依据。方法 采取悬液定性和定量方法，评估过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀灭大肠杆菌、鸭疫里默杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌效果，并比较10 ℃、20 ℃和30 ℃试验温度对消毒剂杀灭大肠杆菌和沙门菌试验效果的影响。结果 以杀灭细菌对数值>5.00的评价标准判断，5 min内过硫酸氢钾复合盐杀灭大肠杆菌、鸭疫里默杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌时的最低杀灭浓度(活性氧含量)分别为230 mg/L、14.375 mg/L、57.5 mg/L和115 mg/L，试验温度10 ℃上升至30 ℃，过硫酸氢钾复合盐对大肠杆菌和沙门菌的杀菌效果明显升高。结论 过硫酸氢钾复合盐对禽类常见细菌病原微生物有较好的杀灭效果，升高温度有助于提高过硫酸氢钾复合盐的杀灭效果。     

一种过硫酸氢钾复合物粉对非洲猪瘟病毒的灭活效果研究

目的研究一种过硫酸氢钾复合物粉对非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)的灭活效果。方法采用悬液定量灭活试验和细胞培养法,观察一种过硫酸氢钾复合物粉对ASFV的灭活效果。结果用浓度为1 000 mg/L的该过硫酸氢钾复合粉溶液作用5 min,可有效灭活悬液内ASFV。结论过硫酸氢钾复合物粉对ASFV具有良好的灭活效果,可作为猪场防控非洲猪瘟的有效消毒剂。     

一种过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒相关性能观察

摘要 目的 〖HT5"SS〗观察过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒相关性能,为消毒应用提供科学依据。方法 采用悬液定量杀菌试验方法,对一种过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒粉剂的杀菌效果进行观察。结果 以含活性氧化物1 000 mg/L的过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液作用30 min,对悬液内大肠杆菌杀灭对数值均＞5.00;作用15 min,对悬液内铜绿假单胞菌杀灭对数值均＞5.00。以含活性氧化物1 500 mg/L过硫酸氢钾复合盐水溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用30 min和对白色葡萄球菌作用45 min,杀灭对数值均＞5.00。结论 该过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒粉对细菌繁殖体具有良好的杀菌效果。     

一种三氯生复方消毒剂对三种肠道病毒灭活效果的研究

摘要 目的 〖HT5"SS〗观察一种三氯生复方消毒剂对3种肠道病毒的灭活效果。方法 采用悬液定量灭活试验方法,对该复方消毒剂灭活3种肠道病毒的效果进行观察。结果 该复方消毒剂含三氯生4 000～5 000 mg/L与体积分数75%～85%乙醇。以该复方消毒剂原液作用0.5 min,对悬液内脊髓灰质炎病毒I型、肠道病毒71型和埃可病毒11型平均灭活对数均＞4.00。结论 该复方消毒剂原液对3种肠道病毒具有快速灭活效果。     

戊二醛-癸甲溴铵复合消毒剂对伪狂犬病病毒的灭活作用研究

摘要 目的 研究戊二醛-癸甲溴铵复合消毒剂对伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的灭活作用。方法 采用悬液定量方法和细胞培养法,观察戊二醛-癸甲溴铵复合消毒剂对伪狂犬病病毒灭活效果。结果 体外细胞消毒剂试验,中和产物对细胞生长繁殖无显著影响的消毒剂浓度为125 mg/L;消毒剂浓度为125 mg/L时,PRV(TCID50=10-8.1/0.1 ml)杀灭条件为室温30 min。结论 戊二醛-癸甲溴铵复合消毒剂对伪狂犬病病毒有很好的灭杀作用,选择有效的杀菌、杀毒剂量、作用时间是保证消毒效果的关键。     

Relationship of lychnis ringspot virus to barley stripe mosaic virus and poa semilatent virus

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), poa semilatent virus (PSLV), and lychnis ringspot virus (LRSV) have previously been assigned to the hordeivirus group because of similarities in their particle morphology, physicochemical properties and serological analyses. However, the serological relationships of the three viruses have not been determined by direct comparison. The present study evaluated the relatedness of these viruses by Western and dot immunoblotting and by nucleic acid hybridizations. Serological analyses of the coat proteins separated by gel electrophoresis and of intact virus particles bound to nitrocellulose membranes revealed that BSMV and PSLV are distantly related, but that they are more closely related to each other than to LRSV. The genomic RNAs of the viruses failed to cross-hybridize in northern hybridization tests conducted at different temperatures. These comparisons showed that BSMV, PSLV and LRSV are distinct viruses with little nucleotide sequence relatedness. Thus our data provide additional support for their inclusion as separate members of the hordeivirus group.     

Relationship of encephalomyocarditis virus to cricket paralysis virus of insects

Cricket paralysis virus was shown to share common antigen(s) with encephalomyocarditis virus (Cardiovirus: Picornaviridae), a virus normally associated with mammals. These viruses must be regarded now as being related strains of one and the same virus. These results pose interesting questions for the taxonomy and ecology of small RNA viruses.     

辛德比斯病毒和伪狂犬病毒制备方法的优化

目的优化辛德比斯病毒(Sindbis virus)和伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)的培养和制备方法,建立高效价病毒制备方法。方法从选用不同宿主细胞、不同的宿主细胞培养方式、以及不同的病毒悬液收集方式3方面考察病毒效价。病毒效价测定采用细胞病变法,按Karber氏法计算病毒效价。结果用非洲绿猴肾(Vero)细胞培养的Sindbis病毒效价(8.63±0.45)明显高于用幼仓鼠肾(BHK)细胞培养的病毒效价(7.63±0.30)(P<0.05);用Vero细胞培养的PRV效价(8.13±0.59)也明显高于用BHK细胞培养的病毒效价(6.94±0.71)(P<0.05);宿主细胞长满单层后继续换液培养或再传代培养2种提高病毒效价的方式所制备的病毒效价(7.69±0.98vs 7.54±0.69)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),可任选其一;收获病毒时,直接收集培养悬液离心组(直收-冻组)病毒效价(8.66±0.83)较先冻融2次再离心组(冻-收-冻组)病毒效价(8.14±0.91)高(P<0.05)。结论建立了制备高效价Sindbis病毒和PRV的方法;制备Sindbis病毒和PRV宜选用Vero细胞;病毒培养悬液直接离心分装即可,既简化操作又可获高效价病毒。     

Adeno-associated virus integration: virus versus vector

Although a large percentage of the world population is seropositive for exposure to various strains of adeno-associated virus (AAV), a human parvovirus, AAV has never been identified as an etiologic agent of human disease. Most likely contributing to the pronounced lack of pathogenicity is the fact that AAV is a naturally defective virus that requires a helper virus for productive replication of its genome. Another unusual aspect of wild-type AAV biology is the ability of the virus to establish latent infection by preferential integration of its genome into a specific locus of human chromosome 19. Site-specific integration was a major impetus for the development of recombinant AAV vectors, which typically lack all AAV coding sequences. It was soon realized, however, that expression of at least one species of the virally encoded initiator proteins, Rep78 or Rep68, is necessary for targeted integration of AAV-derived DNA constructs to occur. This article will present a chronological outline of studies characterizing site-specific integration of wild-type AAV sequences and the quasi-random target site selection observed with recombinant AAV vectors.     

Antiviral profiles of novel iminocyclitol compounds against bovine viral diarrhea virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis B virus

The antiviral activity of iminocyclitol compounds with a deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) head group and either a straight chain alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom have been tested in vitro against multiple-enveloped viruses. Several of these analogues were superior to previously reported DNJ compounds. Iminocyclitols that inhibit the glycan-processing enzyme endoplasmic-reticular glucosidase have been shown to inhibit the morphogenesis of viruses that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) has been used as a surrogate system for study of the hepatitis C virus, which belong to the virus family (Flaviviridae) as West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DV). N-Nonyl-DNJ (NNDNJ) was previously reported to have micromolar antiviral activity against BVDV, but a limiting toxicity profile. N-Butylcyclohexyl-DNJ (SP169) was shown to be as potent as NNDNJ in assays against BVDV and less toxic. However, it was inactive against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The present study reports efforts to improve the performance profiles of these compounds. Introduction of an oxygen atom into the N-alkyl side chain of DNJ, either as an ether or a hydroxyl functionality, reduced toxicity but sacrificed potency. Introduction of a hydroxyl group at the tertiary carbon junction of the cycloalkyl and linear alkyl group, as in N-pentyl-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-DNJ (OSL-9511), led to a structure that was as well tolerated as DNJ (CC50>500 microM), but retained micromolar antiviral activity against all ER morphogenesis budding viruses tested: BVDV, WNV, DV and HBV. The implication of this modification to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents is discussed.     

Hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus

Medical workers should have anti-HBV antibody to protect HBV infection in the hospital. If they have not anti-HBV antibody, they should receive HBV vaccination. HBV vaccination program is as follows: 10 micrograms, s.c., 0, 1, 6 months. In case of HBV contamination, 1,000 IU hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) and/or 10 micrograms HB vaccine should be administered judging from HBV markers of contaminated subjects and HBV load of patients. The HCV vaccine is not available. In case of HCV contamination, it is unnecessary to treat just after accident. If acute hepatitis C is evolved in those subjects during follow-up, it is recommended to treat with interferon. Eradication of HCV by interferon among patients with acute hepatitis C will be almost 100%.     

Influenza virus infection in the hamster; a study of inapparent virus infection and virus adaptation

A STUDY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN THE HAMSTER HAS YIELDED THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: 1. Two influenza A strains (Ga. 47 and PR8) multiplied readily in the hamster lung, although no lung lesions were produced during six serial passages. On further passage both viruses abruptly acquired the capacity to produce pulmonary consolidation and death of the animals. 2. Extracts of the lungs during the early passages contained complement-fixing antigen and infectious virus, as revealed by titration in mice and embryonated eggs. Agglutinins for chicken, human, and guinea pig red cells, however, were not demonstrable at this time. With further passage a close correlation was observed between the capacity of the virus to produce lung lesions in the hamster and to agglutinate mammalian types of red cells. In addition, quantitative changes in the virus population were demonstrated in the lung extracts by complement fixation tests and titrations in mice and eggs. 3. Incubation at 37 degrees C. was effective in bringing out agglutinins in high titer for chicken red cells in lung extracts, which originally failed to agglutinate chicken cells but agglutinated mammalian red cells. This method did not increase the titers of mammalian cell agglutinins. 4. The body temperature of the hamster was found to decrease within 1 to 4 days after inoculation of influenza virus. In the early passages the temperature returned to normal within 24 hours, but with the development of the pathogenic strain of virus the temperature remained at subnormal levels until death. 5. The Lee strain of influenza B virus produced pulmonary lesions in the hamster on the first passage and no increase in pathogenicity of the virus occurred during eleven serial passages. Virus was demonstrable in extracts of the lungs by all the methods used and no difference was observed in its capacity to agglutinate fowl and mammalian types of red cells. The implications of these findings are considered briefly in the discussion.     

Cytoplasmic localization of the DNA virus frog erythrocytic virus.

In situ hybridization, using a biotinylated clone of frog erythrocytic virus (FEV), was conducted to determine the location of viral sequences in bullfrog erythrocytes. FEV-specific hybridization signals were found to correspond to mature cytoplasmic viral particles and assembly sites. These data are consistent with electron microscopic observations of viral assembly in the erythrocyte cytoplasm. Although FEV has morphological and biochemical properties similar to frog virus 3, our data suggest that the site of DNA replication and assembly of FEV is more similar to that of the poxviruses.     

SEN virus: epidemiology and characteristics of a transfusion-transmitted virus

SEN virus (SEN-V) is a blood-borne, single-stranded, nonenveloped DNA virus. Although its prevalence varies by geographic region, it has been detected in as many as 30 percent of postoperative transfusion recipients, compared to 3 percent of postoperative patients who did not receive transfusions. A significant association has been observed between transfusion volume and the occurrence of SEN-V infection. Transmission by transfusion also has been confirmed by the detection of greater than 99 percent homology between SEN-V in donor and recipient sera. Concurrent infections with SEN-V and hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have been documented, and these observations probably reflect the blood-borne transmission of these viruses as well as SEN-V. Although SEN-V was discovered as part of a search for causes of posttransfusion hepatitis, there is no firm evidence so far that SEN-V infection either causes hepatitis or worsens the course of coexistent liver disease. Nevertheless, SEN-V appears to be transmitted by transfusion, and further studies may reveal more about its role in the future.