Isolation and characterization of recombinant single chain fragment variable anti-idiotypic antibody specific to Aspergillus fumigatus membrane protein

Aspergillus fumigatus causes the highly lethal form of invasive aspergillosis (IA). In the present study to develop a novel anti-fungal drug for protection against invasive disease, we identified a single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody (scFv AF1) by panning against A. fumigatus membrane fraction (AMF) or HM-1 killer toxin (HM-1) neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb-KT) as antigen. The key step was elution of bound phages with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0 containing AMF. The specificity of soluble scFv AF1 antibody to antigens was verified by ELISA, which specifically binds to both AMF and nmAb-KT. After nucleotide sequencing, clone expression and purification by HisTrap HP affinity column, scFv AF1 showed in vitro anti-fungal activity against A. fumigatus. By SPR analysis it showed high binding affinity to nmAb-KT (K(d)=5.22×10(-11) M). The method used to isolate scFv AF1 was a new method and we believe that it will be applicable to isolate the specific scFv against any kind of membrane protein of yeast or fungus.     

抗人大肠癌单链抗体与绿色荧光蛋白融合基因的构建和表达

目的构建并表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和鼠抗人大肠癌单链抗体ND-1scFv的融合蛋白,产生具有荧光的抗体。方法将鼠抗人大肠癌单链抗体ND-1scFv的基因克隆到pET28a(+)-GFP的表达载体,转化到大肠杆菌BL21中进行融合基因ND-1-scFv/GFP诱导表达。Ni-NTA亲和层析对表达产物进行分离、纯化,免疫印迹和荧光显微镜方法验证融合蛋白的表达。结果 ND-1scFv被克隆到表达载体pET28a(+)-GFP中,诱导表达的融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,分子量为58kDa。SDS-PAGE灰度扫描结果显示纯化后的蛋白纯度为90%,荧光显微镜检测显示,表达有目的蛋白的大肠杆菌BL21具有明显的绿色荧光。结论成功构建并表达融合基因ND-1-scFv/GFP,为该单抗的肿瘤特异成像研究奠定了基础。E.coli     

人活化血小板单抗SZ-51单链抗体的基因构建及高效表达

目的　为降低鼠源性抗体对人体的免疫原性并降低其分子量 ,进行了人活化血小板单克隆抗体SZ 5 1单链抗体 (ScFv)的基因构建及表达 ,希望摸索出一套稳定、高效表达SZ 5 1ScFv的方法。方法　同时构建了两种不同的SZ 5 1ScFv表达载体pHEN1 5 1ScFv及pET2 0b 5 1ScFv ,并分别导入大肠杆菌HB2 15 1及BL2 1(DE3)plys中进行表达 ,同时对它们的表达特性进行了比较。结果　pHEN1 5 1ScFv在HB2 15 1中经IPTG诱导后 ,SZ 5 1ScFv以可溶性形式分泌至细菌培养上清中。pET2 0b 5 1ScFv在BL2 1(DE3)plys中经IPTG诱导后 ,SZ 5 1ScFv以可溶性与不溶性的包涵体两种形式存在 ,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的 2 0 %。经Westernblot证明两种体系表达产物均维持了亲本抗体与活化血小板特异性结合的能力。结论　pET2 0b表达体系对于SZ 5 1ScFv而言是一种稳定、高效的表达体系。但其包涵体部分的变复性条件仍需进一步探讨。     

抗血小板膜糖蛋白单克隆抗体SZ—21基因克隆及单链抗体的构建和表达

目的 将能与血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅲa特异结合的单克隆抗体SZ-21构建成单链抗体,为其临床应用奠定基础。方法 通过逆转录及多聚酶甸反应,扩增并克隆SZ-21的可变区基因VH、VL,经测序后构建SZ-21单链抗体（SZ-21AScFv),在大肠杆菌中进行表达,ELISA和Western印迹检测其与血小板的结合特性。结果 VH、VL可变区基因符合小鼠抗体可变区特征,SZ-21ScFv基因拼接正确。表达产物除少量为分泌型外,主要以包涵体形式存在,表达量占菌体蛋白的21%,经过变性和复性后,该单抗体保留了与血小板特异结合的能力。结论 成功表达了SZ-21单链抗体。该小分子抗体具有特异结合血小板的能力,有望用于抗血栓治疗。     

抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的单链抗体(scFv)筛选

目的筛选出抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的单链抗体。方法利用原核表达所获得的SARS病毒N蛋白,筛选人源单链抗体噬菌体展示库,经特异性的检测,以期得到抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白的特异单链抗体。结果获得了8个抗SARS病毒N蛋白的候选克隆。经测序,获得了编码抗体可变区的基因序列,并进行了原核表达。结论筛选得到的抗SARS-CoV病毒N蛋白单链抗体具有高度的特异性,可以用作临床实验或研究SARS病毒过程中快速检测SARSN蛋白或SARS病毒粒子的候选抗体。     

基于TNF功能表位设计新型人源单链抗体

目的开发基于TNF功能表位的新型人源单链抗体。方法利用自主研制的鼠抗TNF-α中和单抗Z12能特异性识别TNF-α的141~146位功能表位特性,通过理论模拟构建TNF/抗体Z12相互作用的复合物模型设计获得功能性拮抗肽(PT2、PT3、PT4、PT7)以及单域抗体PTVH5(以人抗体可变区重链框架VH5为支架合理展示PT2、PT3、PT4),利用计算机辅助分子设计以及同源模建、分子对接方法,进一步合理选择人抗体可变区轻链框架(Vκ1)作为展示支架,通过构象判别、作用能比较以及识别区域确认并选择合适的连接肽设计新型单链分子ScFv_AB1。结果理论分析发现,ScFv_AB1稳定性较好,识别TNF-α的141~146功能位点(即Z12识别的位点)。生物学实验证明,ScFv_AB1能与TNF-α结合、抑制TNF-α与TNFR的结合、抑制TNF-α介导的细胞毒作用。结论初步验证了"借助计算机模建,基于人抗体可变区的框架结构和拮抗肽设计单链抗体分子"的策略是可行的,从而为人源小分子抗体的制备提供了一条可供选择的途径。     

β-淀粉样蛋白特异性单链抗体的制备及鉴定

目的制备1株人源性的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)特异性单链抗体(scFv),并进行性能鉴定。方法利用噬菌体展示技术,用20个AD病人的外周血B细胞首次构建了AD患者的单链可变区噬菌体抗体库。以Aβ1-40为靶,挑选出77个阳性抗体克隆,从中筛选出一株抗Aβ单链抗体H1,对其重链和轻链可变区基因进行测序分析。通过表达载体pET28a(+)对目的蛋白进行大量表达,并利用Western-blot对单链抗体H1的免疫活性进行鉴定。结果成功构建出AD患者的单链可变区噬菌体抗体库,库容量为1.5×106。从库中筛选并表达出一株抗Aβ1-40的单链抗体H1,DNA测序结果证实了其抗体的基因结构及氨基酸序列。Western-blot检测证实该抗体可特异性结合Aβ1-40。结论利用噬菌体抗体库技术可成功制备Aβ肽特异性单链抗体,为AD患者的临床诊断和被动免疫治疗提供了一种新的可供选择的途径。     

人源化抗肾小球基底膜抗体的单链抗体scFv3的原核表达及鉴定

目的:在原核细胞中构建并表达抗肾小球基底膜(GBM)抗体单链抗体scFv3,并鉴定其活性。方法:用PCR扩增抗GBM抗体单链抗体scFv3基因,将scFv3 DNA与pGEM-T Easy质粒连接,构建克隆载体pGEM-scFv3。用酶切后电泳鉴定构建载体的正确性;测序检测质粒重组后序列有无改变。再将scFv3亚克隆入表达载体pQE-80L,构建pQE80L-scFv3重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta2,酶切鉴定。IPTG诱导表达蛋白后,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定表达产物的抗体活性。结果:PCR扩增scFv3 DNA片段约为750 bp,与预期结果相同;克隆载体pGEM-scFv3酶切后显示scFv3成功的克隆入pGEM-T Easy质粒;测序验证插入片段全序列无改变;表达载体pQE80L-scFv3酶切图谱与预期相同;SDS-PAGE显示,在分子量约为27 kD处可见目的蛋白带,Western blot证实scFv3能与抗GBM抗体结合。结论:成功构建并表达了抗GBM抗体的单链抗体scFv3蛋白,为进一步研究scFv3的生物学特性和基因工程抗体的制备奠定了基础。     

抗CD147人源单链抗体的筛选及生物特性初步鉴定

目的利用噬菌体展示技术筛选特异性抗CD147人源单链抗体(human anti-CD147 sc Fvs)并进行生物特性鉴定。方法以真核表达的CD147蛋白为抗原,采用"酸洗脱法"对库进行4轮富集性筛选、以ELISA法对筛选克隆的结合活性进行测定,以竞争ELISA和Western blot实验对获得的噬菌体抗体和可溶性sc Fv的特异性进行鉴定,通过DNA测序核实特异性sc Fvs的人源性及其亚群,以硫氰酸盐洗脱法对获得的抗体进行相对亲和力分析。结果经过4轮的富集性筛选,共筛出4个与CD147特异性结合的阳性克隆,其中3个获得可溶性表达,竞争抑制及Western blot实验证实其能与CD147特异性结合。DNA序列分析证实3个阳性克隆具有不同的基因型,三者的轻链可变区分别属于V_λⅠ、V_κⅡ、V_λⅢ亚群,重链可变区分别属于V_HⅠ、V_HⅢ、V_HⅢ亚群。硫氰酸盐洗脱法测出13号、15号和168号3个human anti-CD147 sc Fvs的亲和力分别为0.20 mol/L、0.35 mol/L和0.6 mol/L。结论成功从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选到特异性human anti-CD147 sc Fvs,为进一步研究该抗体的功能及应用前景奠定了基础。     

溶藻弧菌抗独特型抗体scFv的原核表达及免疫原性鉴定

目的 构建溶藻弧菌抗独特型单链抗体(scFv)的原核表达载体,并对其表达的蛋白进行免疫原性鉴定.方法从分泌溶藻弧菌抗独特型单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(2F4)中已获得的该抗体重链可变区基因(VH)和轻链可变区基因(VL),通过基因重组构建scFv及原核表达载体pET32a-AL,转化大肠杆菌BL21后用IPTG诱导表达.表达后的重组蛋白利用动物免疫试验进行免疫原性鉴定.结果 scFv基因序列全长747碱基对,编码249个氨基酸,符合小鼠免疫球蛋白可变区基因特征,含有框架区(FRs)、抗原互补决定区(CDRs)及抗体特征性的半胱氨酸残基.ELISA测定和动物免疫试验显示抗独特性抗体的scFv具有藻弧菌一样的免疫原性.结论 成功构建了抗溶藻弧菌独特型抗体scFv原核表达载体并表达于包涵体中,表达的融合蛋白具有与溶藻弧菌一样的免疫原性,为溶藻弧菌抗独特型单链抗体scFv成为鱼用基因工程疫苗奠定了初步基础.     

抗登革3型病毒单链抗体的可溶性表达和鉴定

目的为解决鼠源性单克隆抗体用於临床会引起变态反应等负作用问题，试图从基因水平上对登革３型病毒鼠源性单抗进行人源化改造以减少其鼠源性。方法选用对登革病毒４个血清型及部分黄病毒具有中和活性的抗登革３型病毒单克隆抗体３Ｄ３的轻重链可变区基因，通过反转录和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩，扩增后的轻重链可变区ＰＣＲ产物通过连接引物连接成单链抗体基因，然后与噬菌体载体ｐＣＡＮＴＡＢ５Ｅ连接，转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ２１５１，使单链抗体以可溶性的形式表达在上清液中。结果通过免疫荧光和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明，可溶性表达的单链抗体能与登革３型病毒抗原发生特异性结合，在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中在２８ｋＤ处有一条带和单链抗体的分子量大小一致。结论表达产物与原单抗３Ｄ３一样，具有与登革３型病毒抗原结合的特性。     

溶藻弧菌抗独特型抗体单链抗体在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的构建溶藻弧菌抗独特型抗体的单链抗体(scFv)基因的毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体,并对其表达的蛋白进行免疫原性鉴定。方法从分泌溶藻弧菌抗独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(2F4)中克隆该抗体的重链可变区(VH)基因和轻链可变区(VL)基因(GenBank accession No:DQ011530和DQ011531),并通过基因重组为scFv基因。然后将其克隆入毕赤酵母菌分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,经序列测定后,电转化入毕赤酵母菌SMD1168中,将经表型筛选和G418抗性筛选的重组酵母菌株进行PCR鉴定。以甲醇进行诱导表达,表达后的重组蛋白利用动物免疫试验进行免疫原性鉴定。结果获得毕赤酵母菌分泌型表达载体pPIC9K-scFv,经G418浓度梯度筛选及PCR鉴定得到高拷贝整合的重组酵母菌株,ELISA测定和动物免疫试验显示抗独特性抗体的scFv具有与溶藻弧菌一样的免疫原性。结论构建溶藻弧菌抗独特型抗体的scFv基因的真核表达载体并成功表达,为进一步研究其生物学活性奠定了基础。     

抗人大肠癌单链抗体的构建、表达及其体内外生物学活性的检测

目的 将抗人大肠癌单克隆抗体ND-1(mAb)的VR和VL基因进行重组，构建和表达ND－1scFv，并对其在体内外的生物学活性进行检测。采用RT－PCR技术，从能够分泌mAb ND-1的鼠杂交瘤细胞中扩增VH和RL基因，通过重叠延伸拼接PCR在VH和VL基因间引入连接短肽，体外构构建ND－1scFv基因，并在大肠杆菌中表达。采用间接免疫荧光（IFA）EY IF工IMPG-1scFv的免疫学活性。用^99Tc^m标记ND－1scFv后，将偶联物给予荷瘤裸鼠，观察其在动物体内的显像及生物学分布。结果 SDS－PAGEW显示，重组蛋白Mr为30000，同预期结果一致。IFA及ELISA检测表明，ND－1scFv保留了与亲本抗体相近的免疫学活性，对表达相应抗原的靶细胞具有行异结合活性。体内放射免疫实验显示，^99Tc^m-ND-1scFv在荷瘤小鼠体内的生物学分布，呈明显的肿瘤积聚趋向，注入体内1h血中T／NT即在2．61。结论 获得免疫学活性良好的ND－1scFv，对荷瘤动物体内肿瘤的定位快速，准确，可望成为有效的肿瘤诊断和治疗的导向载体。     

Identification of a human heavy chain antibody fragment directed against human platelet alloantigen la by phage display library

Abstract: The human platelet alloantigen HPA-la (Pl^A1) is responsible for most cases of post-transfusion purpura and neonatal alloimmune thrombo-cytopenia in the Caucasian population. HPA-la and HPA-lb are two allelic forms of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) gene that differ by a single amino acid. In this report, we describe the development of a recom-binant heavy chain antibody fragment capable of distinguishing between the homozygous forms of HPA-la and HPA-lb. This antibody fragment was isolated from the lymphocytes of an immunized individual through the use of a phage display library system. The recombinant antibody fragment reacted with human platelet lysates from HPA-la homozygous donors, the HPA-la form of recombinant N-terminal GPIIIa and intact HPA-la platelets, but did not react with platelet lysate from HPA-1b homozygous donors, reduced HPA-la form of platelet GPIIIa or other platelet glycoproteins. This HPA-la specific human antibody fragment works well in common laboratory assays such as ELISA and flow cytometry, which can assist in identifying HPA-lb homozygous individuals who are known to have a higher risk for developing neonatal alloimmmune thrombocytopenia and post-transfusion purpura. Thus, selection of recombinant antibody fragment using phage display offers a promising alternative to hybridoma technology for the production of human antibodies against human alloantigens and holds potential as a technique in therapeutic applications.     

A single chain antibody obtained by cell panning of antibody phage inhibits homoaggregation of human leukemia cells

The aim of this study was to establish a method to obtain antibodies against cell-surface molecules of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in situ. A phage-displayed scFv antibody library with a size of 2 x 10(6) clones was constructed from spleens of mice immunized with living KG1a human leukemia cells. Living cell panning was used to screen anti-KG1a cell antibody fragments. After four rounds of panning, 27 out of 126 scFv fragments showed detectable binding to KG1a cells without cross-reaction to non-hematopoietic cell lines. Individual clones were analyzed by cell-based ELISA and flow cytometry for their binding specificity. Their sequence analysis showed highest homology to mouse gamma heavy chain subgroup II and mouse Kappa subgroup III genes, with four amino acids difference in VH and identical VL. Further, a fusion protein of scFv 5C1 to core-streptavidin was cloned and produced. It was used to search for cell-surface antigen on immunoblots and to test its effect on KG1a cell growth in cell culture. The scFv5C1::core-streptavidin fusion protein recognized a molecule with MW 85/125 KDa in immunoblots of KG1a cell membrane proteins and inhibited KG1a cell homoaggregation in cell cultures. The results validate an efficient approach of making antibodies against living cells and searching for functional inhibitors of cell-surface molecules.     

Single chain antibody fragments for the selective targeting of antigens to dendritic cells

In order to target antigens (Ags) selectively to dendritic cells (DC), we derived single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) from NLDC-145 and N418, two monoclonal antibodies binding the mouse dendritic cell-restricted surface molecules DEC-205 and CD11c. Recombinant hexahistidine-tagged forms of the scFvs (scNLDC and scN418) were efficiently produced in a baculovirus expression system. Both scFvs bound DEC-205(+) Langerhans cells and CD11c(+) fetal skin-derived dendritic cells (FSDCs) comparably to their parental antibodies. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with a DNA vaccine encoding a model protein antigen fused to scNLDC stimulated specific immune responses in both the humoral and cellular compartments, in contrast to DNA vaccines expressing scN418-targeted or untargeted antigen. Our results show that antigen targeting to DCs via a DEC-205 binding scFv leads to enhanced immunogenicity. Further, this work suggests that scFvs fused to protein antigens and delivered as DNA vaccines may provide a generic means for delivering vaccinal molecules to selected cell populations.     

Humanization of an agonistic anti-death receptor 4 single chain variable fragment antibody and avidity-mediated enhancement of its cell death-inducing activity

Development of agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the pro-apoptotic molecule death receptor 4 (DR4) [or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1] is an attractive anti-cancer strategy because of their potential for inducing tumor-specific cell death. In this study, we humanized an agonistic anti-DR4 AY4 scFv raised in mice (mAY4) by grafting the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) onto a fixed human framework, while preserving the so-called Vernier zone residues, a group of framework (FR) residues directly underneath the CDRs, with the murine residues in the humanized antibody, hAY4. The humanized hAY4 scFv maintained the antigen binding affinity and epitope specificity of mAY4. To investigate how the valence of hAY4 scFv affects DR4-mediated cell death, bivalent and trivalent forms of hAY4 scFv were generated by linking a hinge region to the coiled-coil domain of a dimerizing leucine zipper and trimerizing isoleucine zipper, respectively. Compared to the monovalent and bivalent forms, the trivalent hAY4 scFv induced more potent caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death as evidenced by increased activation of caspase-8 and downstream pro-apoptotic molecules. Our results suggest that like other TNF family receptors, avidity-mediated oligomerization of DR4 augments the receptor-mediated apoptotic cell death by promoting intracellular cell death signaling.