阿奇霉素片的生物等效性研究

目的研究阿奇霉素片在健康人体的药代动力学,并评价其与同剂量参比片剂间的生物等效性。方法用双交叉试验设计,20名健康志愿者口服受试阿奇霉素片和参比片剂,服药后0~120 h内间隔取血,用HPLC-MS法测定血药浓度。计算主要药代动力学参数,以参比片剂计算受试阿奇霉素片的相对生物利用度,判断其生物等效性。结果受试阿奇霉素片和参比片剂的体内药物动力学参数分别为Cmax346.6±143.9μg/L和374.2±162.0μg/L、Tmax2.4±1.0 h和2.4±0.9 h、T1/241.9±7.8 h和40.7±6.6 h、CL/F 137.0±49.5 L/h和117.8±45.7 L/h、AUC0→1204 049.7±1 211.0μg.h//L和4 233.0±1297.1μg.h/L;受试阿奇霉素片的相对生物利用度F=96.6%±13.1%。结论两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

阿奇霉素分散片人体相对生物利用度及药动学

目的:研究阿奇霉素分散片受试制剂与参比制剂人体相对生物利用度及药物动力学。方法:20名受试者单剂量双周期随机交叉试验设计。口服受试制剂和参比制剂各2片(相当于阿奇霉素500mg),定时取血,用微生物法测定血药浓度。结果:受试制剂与参比制剂的血药浓度时间曲线基本一致,符合一级吸收二房室模型。受试制剂与参比制剂主要药动学参数分别为:血清中阿奇霉素的Tmax分别为(1.675±0.520)h(均值±标准差,下同)和(1.650±0.587)h,Cmax分别为(0.537±0.106)μg/mL和(0.516±0.137)μg/mL,t1/2分别为(43.744±12.298)h和(40.130±11.555)h,AUC0→t分别为(8.237±2.174)μg.h-1.mL-1和(8.341±2.083)μg.h-1.mL-1,AUC0→∞分别为(9.140±2.141)μg.h-1.mL-1和(9.110±1.989)μg.h-1.mL-1。以AUC0→t计算,阿奇霉素分散片的相对生物利用度平均为(100.2±19.5)%。结论:统计学结果表明受试制剂与参比制剂生物等效。     

RP-HPLC法研究盐酸伐昔洛韦片人体生物利用度

目的建立准确度高、灵敏性好的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定血浆中盐酸伐昔洛韦水解产物阿昔洛韦的浓度,以研究盐酸伐昔洛韦片在体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度。方法采用两制剂双周期交叉试验设计,18名男性健康志愿者先后分别单剂量口服盐酸伐昔洛韦受试片剂或参比片剂300mg,采用RP-HPLC,以更昔洛韦为内标,测定血浆阿昔洛韦浓度。用3P97药代动力学程序处理血药浓度数据并计算参数,并作出生物等效性评价。结果口服盐酸伐昔洛韦受试片剂和参比片剂后的药代动力学参数AUC0-t分别为(9.87±2.48)和(9.94±2.67)(μg.h)/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(10.84±2.98)和(10.83±3.18)(μg.h)/ml;Cmax分别为(3.06±0.66)和(3.16±0.66)(μg.h)/ml;Tmax分别为(1.25±0.26)和(1.17±0.24)h。受试盐酸伐昔洛韦片剂以AUC0-t和AUC0-∞计算其相对生物利用度分别为(100.6±11.7)%和(101.7±13.3)%。结论建立的阿昔洛韦血药浓度监测方法灵敏、准确,测定结果可靠;统计分析结果表明受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的 比较2种奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学与生物等效性.方法 20名健康志愿者,采用单剂量、随机、自身交叉对照实验设计,空腹口服奥美拉唑受试和参比制剂各40 mg,用反向高效液相色谱法分别测定血药浓度,用DAS程序进行药代动力学分析,并评价两制剂的生物等效性.结果 受试和参比制剂药代动力学参数AUC0→12、AUC0→∞、Cmax、tmax及t1/2分别为(3497.4±2759.1)、(3726.1±3200.5)μg/L·h-1;(3612.1±2854.6)、(3814.1±3259.1)μg/L·h-1;(1424.1±854.9)、(1421.3±951.6) μg/L;(2.23±0.50)、(2.13±0.60)h;(2.12±1.25)、(2.19±1.27)h,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.2±13.2)%.经交叉实验方差分析,上述药代动力学参数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 两种制剂具生物等效性.     

替米沙坦片和胶囊的人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性研究

目的 研究替米沙坦片及胶囊的人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性.方法 18名男性健康志愿者随机分别服用单剂量替米沙坦试验片剂、试验胶囊和参比制剂80 mg,采用高效液相色谱荧光法(HPLC)测定.用DAS 1.0程序计算药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度,并进行等效性评价.结果 单剂量口服80 mg的替米沙坦参比制剂和试验药片剂与胶囊的药代动力学参数:AUC(O→t)分别为(3 310.2±1 969.5)、(3 454.7±2 311.2)和(3 215.0±1925.8)(μg·h)/L,AUC(O→t)分别为(3 642.3±2 156.1)、(3 704.7±2 425.5)和(3 587.0±2 123.1)(μg·h)/L;Cmax分别为(888.5±586.0)、(746.1±497.1)和(814.9±598.4)μg/L;Tmax,分别为(1.0±0.7)、(1.2±0.6)、(1.2±0.6)h.试验药片剂与胶囊分别以AUC(O→t)与AUG(O→∞)计算其相对生物利用度分别为(105.77±18.21)%、(100.97±37.61)%和(105.63±29.14)%、(103.10±40.65)%.结论 两种受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究盐酸二甲双胍缓释片(受试制剂)和普通片(参比制剂)在健康受试者体内的药代动力学过程和相对生物利用度.方法:20名男性志愿者随机自身交叉口服受试制剂和参比制剂,单剂量两制剂各服用1 000 mg,多剂量受试制剂服用1 000 mg×1次/天,参比制剂服用500 mg×2次/天.血浆中二甲双胍浓度使用HPLC-UV法测定.采用二房室模型进行血药浓度-时间数据分析,并计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度.结果:受试制剂和参比制剂单剂量口服后二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.61±0.37)μg/ml和(2.47±0.74)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(3.1±0.6)h和(1.5±0.7)h;T1/2分别为(5.1±1.9)h 和(2.7±0.3)h;AUC0→1分别为(11.08±2.88)h·μg/ml和(12.03±2.63)h·μg/ml;受试制剂相对于参比制剂的生物利用度F为(92.6±14.7)%.受试制剂和参比制剂多剂量口服后二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.60±0.25)mg/ml和(1.57±0.40)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(3.2±0.4)h和(1.1±0.5)h;T1/2分别为(5.5±3.1)h和(3.0±0.6)h;AUCss分别为(13.24±3.08)h·μg/ml和(6.99±1.50)h·μg/ml.受试制剂的相对生物利用度F为(95.3±17.5)%.结论:受试制剂和参比制剂生物等效,且具有缓释特性.     

克拉霉素血药浓度HPLC-MS测定方法的改进及药代动力学研究

目的：建立快速、灵敏的高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法,测定克拉霉素片在健康人体血浆中药物浓度及其在相对生物利用度及药代动力学的应用 方法： 18名健康受试者自身交叉单剂量口服克拉霉素片受试制剂和参比制剂各500mg后,采用高效液相-色谱法测定用药后不同时间血药浓度,计算其主要药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度。结果：两制剂的血药浓度-时间曲线基本一致,符合二房室模型,受试制剂和参比制剂的药代动力学参数: t1 /2分别为(4.31±3.76),(3.75±0.76)h; tmax分别为(1.55±0.94),(1.72±1.33)h;Cmax分别为(2.21±0.75), (2.15±0.68) μg/mL;AUC0- 24分别为(13.30±3.88) , (14.48±5.21) h•μg/mL;两种制剂AUC0- 24 相对生物利用度为(103.645.3)%,主要药代动力学参数无显著性差异。结论：两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊的人体生物等效性研究

目的:评价盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊与已上市的盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊的人体生物等效性.方法:18名健康男性志愿者双周期自身交叉单剂量口服受试药物和参比药物各200 mg,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血清中药物浓度,用DAS软件计算药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度,并进行生物等效性评价.结果:盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊的受试药物与参比药物的Cmax分别为(3.206±0.498)μg/ml、(3.255±0.436)μg/ml;tmax分别为(0.931±0.307)h、(0.903±0.322)h;AUC0～36分别为(23.780±4.986)(μg·h)/ml、(23.934±5.625)(μg·h)/ml;AUC0～∞分别为(24.510±5.189)(μg·h)/ml、(24.684±5.973)(μg·h)/ml;受试药物的相对生物利用度为(103.9±29.1)%.结论:经统计学分析,两种盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊具有生物等效性.     

阿昔洛韦片在健康志愿者体内的相对生物利用度

目的:研究阿昔洛韦片的相对生物利用度.方法:采用标准二阶段交叉设计自身对照试验方法,应用反相高效液相色谱法测定20名健康自愿受试者单剂量口服400 mg阿昔洛韦片后,阿昔洛韦血药浓度变化情况,经3p97药动学程序处理.结果:药-时曲线下面积分别为(4.67±1.01) (μg·h)/L和(4.67±1.19) (μg·h)/L,达峰时间分别为(1.80±0.48) h和(1.75±0.49) h,峰浓度分别为(1.13±0.13)μg/L与(1.12±0.18)μg/L.配对t检验与双单侧t检验结果表明,二者药-时曲线下面积、峰浓度及达峰时间均无显着性差异(P>0.05).阿昔洛韦片供试品的相对生物利用度为101.3%.结论:阿昔洛韦片供试品与标准参比制剂为生物等效制剂.     

对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂在家犬体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度

目的:研究单剂量口服对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂在家犬体内的药代动力学和相对生物利用度.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,测定6条成年健康家犬(体质量10.5～11.5 kg,雌雄各半)单剂量(650 mg/只)口服对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂(受试制剂)和对乙酰氨基酚控释片(泰诺林)(参比制剂)后不同时间点(给药前及给药后0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、8.0、10.0、15.0和24.0 h)血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度.结果:本所建立的方法不受血浆中内源性物质的干扰,线性范围0.10～20.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 9),日内、日间精密度RSD＜7.0%,3种浓度(0.50、5.00、20.00μg/ml)的方法回收率分别为(104.21±6.57)%、(97.23±4.21)%、(99.57±1.19)%.对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂与参比制剂血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的tmax分别为(2.1±0.5)和(3.0±0.6)h;cmax分别为(9.09±3.58)和(8.77±3.40)μg/ml;用梯形法计算AUC0～24 h分别为(34.31±13.54)和(33.28±12.16)μg·h·ml-1,AUC0～∞分别为(34.96±13.46)和(33.88±12.18)μg·h·ml-1;受试制剂相对于参比制剂的平均生物利用度F0～∞为(102.58±10.15)%.结论:对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂与乙酰氨基酚控释片(泰诺林)在家犬体内的药代动力学过程相似,两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.