耳前长角形切口在复杂颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定术中的应用

目的：探讨应用耳前长角形切口在复杂颧骨复合体骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用效果。方法：在106例复杂颧骨复合体骨折切开复位内固定术中采用耳前长角形切口,术区皮下肿胀分离后沿皮下翻瓣,在颧弓上方2cm切开颞深筋膜浅层并沿此层深面剥离到颧弓,分离显露骨折部位,直视下行骨折复位内固定术。结果：术后通过临床及影像学检查随访,效果满意,无严重并发症。结论：耳前长角形切口结合皮下肿胀分离技术不但为复杂颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定术提供良好的视野,方便骨折复位固定,而且与头皮冠状切口相比大大减少了损伤和出血,值得临床推广。     

耳前角形切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用

目的:探讨应用耳前角形切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用效果。方法:对78例100侧下颌骨髁突骨折患者采用耳前角形切口术区皮下行肿胀液注射后沿皮下翻瓣在颧弓上方2 cm切开颞深筋膜浅层并沿此层深面剥离到颧弓,分离显露骨折部位,直视下行髁突骨折解剖复位内固定术。结果:术后通过临床及影像学检查随访,效果满意,无严重并发症。结论:耳前角形切口结合皮下肿胀分离技术可为髁突骨折切开复位内固定术提供良好的视野,方便骨折复位固定,安全便捷,值得临床推广。     

3D打印术前设计和内镜辅助在颧骨颧弓骨折复位固定术中的应用

目的: 探讨3D打印术前设计和内镜技术应用于颧骨颧弓骨折复位固定手术的可行性及效果。方法: 选择4例B型颧骨颧弓骨折患者,均伴发颧弓骨折,面部凹陷明显伴开口受限。术前行CT扫描后将数据转化为STL格式,3D打印骨折模型和镜像模型,在模型上完成手术设计和钛板预弯制。手术采用耳屏前小切口和颧弓表面隧道手术入路,内镜辅助下完成颧弓骨折的复位及坚固内固定。结果: 所有患者术后面部恢复对称性,面部凹陷消失,开口度正常,面部瘢痕不明显,无感染和神经损伤等并发症。结论: 术前3D模型手术设计降低了内镜辅助下行颧弓骨折复位固定术的难度,提高了手术精准度,避免了头皮冠状切口,创伤小,美容效果好。     

内镜辅助下颧弓骨折切开复位内固定治疗的临床研究

目的探讨内镜辅助下行颧弓骨折复位内固定的相关技术及临床价值。方法选择18例患者,其中单侧颧弓骨折10例,单侧颧骨颧弓骨折8例,均在内镜辅助下经面部小切口暴露颧弓骨折断端,行断端解剖复位后,采用钛板在内镜辅助下进行颧弓骨折坚固内固定,恢复颧弓解剖形态。结果所有病例术后双侧颧部对称,无张口、咀嚼功能障碍及明显并发症发生。面部瘢痕隐蔽,无明显瘢痕畸形。术后CT检查显示颧弓颧骨基本解剖复位,钛板固定位置良好。结论 内镜辅助下经面部小切口行颧弓骨折复位内固定治疗,手术创伤小,骨折复位效果好,并发症少,可作为部分颧弓骨折病例治疗的选择术式。     

Modified Gillies approach for zygomatic arch fracture reduction in the setting of bicoronal exposure

Zygomatic arch fractures are common injuries, occurring in isolation in 5% of all patients with facial fractures and in 10% of patients with any fracture to the zygomaticomaxillary complex. Isolated noncomminuted depressed zygomatic arch fractures are easily treated with the minimally invasive Gillies approach, which most often provides long-term stability. However, zygomatic arch fractures often occur in conjunction with zygomaticomaxillary complex, Le Fort, calvarial, and naso-orbitoethmoid fractures. In situations requiring a bicoronal incision to address concomitant injuries, zygomatic arch fractures are frequently treated with wide dissection and rigid fixation. Using principles obtained from isolated arch fractures, we present for the first time to our knowledge the use of a modified Gillies approach to noncomminuted zygomatic arch fractures in a case requiring a bicoronal incision. With the deep temporal fascia exposed from the reflected bicoronal flap, a 1-cm horizontal incision is made within the deep temporal fascia allowing a Gillies elevator to easily reduce the arch fracture in a plane between the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia and the temporalis muscle. This technique exploits the advantages of the traditional Gillies approach, preserving fascial attachments, avoiding neurovascular injury, and obviating the need for rigid fixation. Moreover, this method saves time and money and decreases morbidity. Our modified Gillies approach to zygomatic arch fractures in the setting of a bicoronal incision can be applied to a wide range of cases because of the frequency with which arch fractures occur with concomitant craniomaxillofacial injuries requiring wide exposure.     

近中骨折端稳定的颧骨、颧弓骨折的简略复位固定技术

目的 颧骨、颧弓骨折通常需要冠状切口、下睑切口和口内切口进路,逐一进行裂开骨折段的复位固定。本文旨在探索一种简便而可靠的修复方法。方法 针对颧骨、颧弓骨折其内侧相邻的上颌骨结构稳定、颧骨的近中骨折端移位不明显的6例患者,采取半冠状切口,按顺序复位固定的方法,由后向前做颧弓骨折段的复位固定,核查眶外壁颧额缝和颧蝶缝的衔接无误,最后完成颧额缝处骨折的固定。不需做下眼睑、口内切口以及眶下缘颧上颌缝的固定和口内颧牙槽嵴的骨折固定。结果 本组6例病例均顺利完成骨折复位与固定。术后CT扫描显示各个骨折断端,包括上颌窦后外壁、眶外壁等,都获得精确的解剖复位和牢固固定。两侧面部宽度和颧骨突度基本对称,面形恢复满意。开、闭口功能正常。未发生颞下颌关节损伤、视力损害及面神经额支损伤。结论 应用近中骨折端稳定的颧骨骨折的简略复位固定技术,可恢复颧骨、颧弓的解剖位置。     

Analysis of zygomatic fractures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural history of zygomatic fractures in 469 cases over 14 years. The medical records of patients seeking treatment for zygomatic fractures were reviewed. The zygomatic fractures were classified as monopod, dipod, or tripod fractures for most patients. The monopod fractures included (1) zygomaticofrontal, (2) zygomaticomaxillary, and (3) zygomatic arch fractures. The dipod fractures were subclassified into 3 types according to combination of the previously mentioned 3 sites, which were 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3. Tripod fracture included all 1, 2, and 3. Among 469 cases of zygomatic fractures, tripod fractures (n = 238, 50.7%), zygomaticomaxillary fracture (n = 121, 25.8%), and isolated fracture of the zygomatic arch (n = 98 20.9%) formed most of the cases (n = 457, 97.4%). About one-half cases were tripod fractures (n = 238, 50.7%), and another half cases were monopod fractures (n = 220, 46.9%). Only 11 cases (2.4%) were dipod fractures. Most of the monopod fractures were zygomaticomaxillary (n = 121, 25.8%) and zygomatic arch fractures (n = 98, 20.9%). Among the dipod fractures, no cases of zygomaticofrontal and zygomatic arch fractures were reported. An open reduction was performed in 73.8% (346 cases), closed reduction in 24.5% (115 cases), and conservative treatment in only 1.7%. In tripod fracture (n = 238), an open reduction and internal fixation was performed for most of the cases (n = 225, 94.5%), and closed reduction was performed in only 11 cases (4.6%). In monopod zygomaticomaxillary fracture (n = 121), internal fixation was performed for most of the cases (n = 108, 89.3%), and closed reduction was performed in only 9 cases (7.7%). However, in monopod fracture of the zygomatic arch (n = 98), most of the cases (n = 95, 96.9%) were treated with closed reduction; open reduction was performed in only 1 case (1.0%). At zygomaticofrontal area (n = 241), internal fixation was performed in most of the cases (n = 198, 82.2%). At the infraorbital rim (n = 364), internal fixation was carried out in most cases (n = 257, 70.6%). At the zygomaticomaxillary buttress (n = 279), internal fixation was performed in about one third of the cases (n = 91, 32.6%). At the zygomatic arch (n = 339), only 1 case (0.3%) was fixed internally. The postoperative complication rate occurred in 88 cases (19.1%) among 461 cases operated. The most common complication was hypesthesia (50 cases, 56.8%), followed by diplopia (15 cases, 17.0%), limitation of mouth opening or closure (11 cases, 12.5%), infection (6.8%), and hematoma (4.5%). Most patients with hypesthesia improved at 2 months. About 90% of the patients with diplopia improved within 2 months. Limitation of mouth opening was improved immediately after operation in most of the cases. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in the demographics and clinical presentation that will enable a more accurate diagnosis and prediction of concomitant injuries and sequelae.     

耳颞切口联合可吸收接骨板治疗颧弓粉碎性骨折——附8例报告

目的：评价耳颞切口联合可吸收板治疗颧弓粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法：采用耳颞切口,显露复位颧弓骨折段后应用可吸收接骨板对8例单纯颧弓粉碎性骨折病例进行坚强内固定,通过面形、张口度、伤口愈合情况及X线片评价手术效果。结果：8例患者除1例术后有轻度张口受限,1例出现暂时性面瘫外,其余均开口度正常,面形对称,切口甲级愈合,手术效果良好。结论：以耳颞切口入路,可吸收接骨板行颧弓骨折坚强内固定,操作简便,损伤小,并发症少,效果良好,是一种较好的颧弓粉碎性骨折治疗方法。     

双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用

目的　探讨双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用效果。方法　选取12例颧骨复合体骨折、骨折段移位明显、伴有面部塌陷或张口受限等功能障碍患者,行局部小切口切开复位内固定术,其中颧额缝采用双重睑切口入路,术后评价骨折复位固定、功能和畸形改善、术后瘢痕等情况。结果　所有骨折复位固定方便,患者颧面部外形满意,功能改善明显,术后瘢痕隐蔽。结论　双重睑切口作为颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定其中的手术入路,既能达到骨折复位,又能减少创伤,具有一定的临床使用价值。     

Intraoral approach to zygomatic fracture: modified technique for infraorbital rim fixation

The intraoral approach to zygomatic fracture treatment was introduced by Keen in 1909. This technique allows both an adequate visualization of the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and intraoral reduction of zygomatic arch fractures. Similar techniques have been published over the last 30 years. The aim of this study was to describe a modification of the Keen technique that promotes adequate visualization of the infraorbital rim and permits reduction and fixation of this region in cases of zygomatic fractures. The present technique has several advantages such as that (a) only 1 incision is necessary to approach the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and infraorbital rim, (b) it optimizes surgical time, and (c) it avoids periorbital scars.     

口内入路治疗髁突低位骨折

目的:探讨口内入路治疗髁突低位的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性研究本院2014年1月~2016年4月所收治8例髁突低位骨折的患者,选择口内入路对髁突低位骨折进行切开复位内固定术。结果:8例患者,10侧髁突低位骨折,其中5例患者合并下颌骨体部骨折。髁突低位骨折患者行内窥镜辅助下穿颊器或侧壁螺丝刀口内入路进行手术治疗。术后患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合,未发现面瘫及涎瘘等并发症,术后复查全口曲面断层片和三维CT示骨折断端对位良好。3个月后复查,面部无明显疤痕,张口度正常,咬合关系良好。结论:利用穿颊器或侧壁螺丝刀口内入路治疗髁突低位骨折,相对于传统的耳前、颌下及颌后入路,手术创伤小,面部无明显瘢痕,外形良好,配合内窥镜的使用,更加便于直视下完成骨折复位固定,是治疗髁突低位骨折安全有效的手术入路。     

应用计算机辅助手术导航系统经口内径路复位颧弓M型骨折临床观察

目的    探讨应用计算机辅助手术导航系统经口内径路复位颧弓M型骨折的技巧及经验。方法    2012年1月至2014年12月武汉大学口腔医学院47例颧弓M型骨折分为非导航组（26例）和导航组（21例）。非导航组患者20例经口内径路,6例经颞部小切口,26例中低年资医师开展3例。导航组患者均应用计算机辅助手术导航系统经口内径路进行开放复位,其中7例由低年资医师完成。术后随访3 ~ 6个月。 结果    非导航组1例经口内径路复位效果不佳,另1例术后复查X线片显示颧弓骨段塌陷,其他病例以及导航组全部病例均复位效果满意。结论    应用计算机辅助手术导航系统经口内径路复位颧弓M型骨折是一种安全、高效、易于掌握的方法,尤其有利于低年资医师快速掌握手术技巧。     

数字化及3D打印联合内镜辅助技术治疗12例颧骨颧弓骨折效果评价

目的：探讨数字化及3D打印联合内镜辅助技术在颧骨颧弓骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法：选择2020年12月—2021年9月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行手术治疗的12例单侧颧骨颧弓骨折患者纳入研究。所有患者术前均行全头颅薄层CT检查,利用镜像反求原理对骨折部位进行模拟复位,并打印复位后的骨折模型,在模型上进行钛板预弯。术中在内镜辅助下采用前庭沟切口结合耳屏前切口对骨折断端进行解剖复位。术后所有患者均再次行全头颅薄层CT检查,将术后重建的三维模型数据与术前模拟复位的三维模型数据进行光谱融合色差对比分析,评价术后效果。结果：12例患者手术顺利,术后面部外形及功能恢复良好,无明显并发症,面部皮肤瘢痕隐蔽。术后CT与术前模拟设计光谱融合色差对比分析最大上偏差为2.998 7 mm,最大下偏差为-2.998 6 mm,平均上偏差为（0.243 0±0.025 0）mm,平均下偏差为（-0.310 0±0.180 0）mm。结论：数字化及3D打印联合内镜辅助技术在直视下对骨折部位进行解剖复位,有助于提高骨折复位的精准度,减少术中组织损伤、术后并发症的发生,术后瘢痕隐蔽,具有良好的美观效果。     

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??Objective    To analyze surgical reduction of zygomatic arch M-shaped fractures?? and to summarize experience of the application of navigation. Methods    Forty-seven zygomatic arch M-shaped fractures were divided into two groups??group without navigation??26 cases??and group with navigation??21??. In group without navigation??20 cases were reduced by intraoral incision??and 6 by temporal incision??junior surgeons conducted the reduction in 3 cases. In group with navigation??all the cases were treated by intraoral reduction with navigation??junior surgeons conducted the reduction in 7 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 6 months. Results    In group without navigation??one case failed to be restored by intraoral incision??and another case was identified fracture fragment collapse postoperatively. All other fractures healed without complications in both groups. Conclusion    Intraoral reduction of zygomatic arch M-shaped fracture with computer-assisted navigation system is an effective and useful way to achieve better treatment effects??and especially easy for junior surgeons to master.     

Treatment of zygomatic fractures without inferior orbital rim fixation

Zygomatic fractures can be associated with functional and esthetic problems. Recent improvements in surgical techniques and materials have enabled stable fixation of zygmomatic fractures. Multiple-point fixation is most commonly used for internal fixation. Generally, reduction and fixation are performed through lateral brow, subciliary, temporal, or intraoral incisions (three-point fixation). Our experience indicates that postoperative scarring and sensory disturbances are caused by a subciliary incision with inferior orbital rim fixation. It is thus recommended that inferior orbital rim fixation with mini- or microplates be avoided. In patients in whom the fracture does not involve the orbital floor, reduction of the zygoma and zygomatic arch through a temporal incision is performed at this institution. Fixation of the lateral zygomaticomaxillary buttress and anterior wall of the maxilla with miniplates through an intraoral incision is also performed. If necessary, zygomaticofrontal suture fixation with a miniplate or wire is performed through a lateral brow incision. The status of inferior orbital rim reduction is confirmed by palpitation. Inferior orbital rim fixation with mini- or microplates is recommended for reduction of comminuted fractures and orbital floor fractures with herniation of internal orbit components. Patients who did not undergo inferior orbital rim fixation were free of inferior orbital rim deformity, diplopia, and postreduction rotation.     

“A Bend to a Needle Makes the Arch Stable” a Modified Technique for Zygomatic Arch Reduction and Stabilization

BackgroundGillies temporal approach and intra oral supraperiosteal approach are the most commonly used approaches for reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fractures.PurposeTo set forth a less invasive technique for reduction and stabilization of isolated zygomatic arch fractures.Materials and MethodsA 24-G stainless steel wire is passed through a 16-G cannula needle and is shaped to form a semi-circle. The precontoured needle was then inserted into the inferior part of the depressed zygomatic arch and the tip passed out through the superior part. The wires are then twisted and pulled laterally to reduce the fracture and are tied over an external splint to stabilize the arch.ConclusionThe technique discussed in this article is simple, less time consuming, cost effective and less traumatic than the conventionally performed techniques for reduction and stabilization of isolated zygomatic arch fractures.     

颧骨骨折手术复位和固定方法的探讨

目的 :探讨颧骨骨折早期手术复位径路和固定方法。方法 :根据颧骨骨折临床研究计划 ,本文对 1996 .1～1999.8收治的 40例颧骨骨折临床资料 ,着重手术复位和固定方法进行总结分析。结果 :40例中 36例早期手术复位和固定。 36例中 2 9例采取头皮冠状切口 ,7例采取局部小切口。应用坚固内固定及其与钢丝骨间栓结联用占76 .4% (2 6 / 34 ) ,单纯钢丝骨间栓结为 14.7% (5 / 34 )。结论 :早期手术复位固定者达 90 % (36 / 40 ) ,较陈旧性颧骨骨折二期复位容易、效果好。坚固内固定稳定性好。     

内镜辅助髁突下骨折的复位与内固定

目的：为减少明显的瘢痕和面神经损伤的机会,采用内镜辅助经口内入路进行成年人髁突下骨折的复位与固定。方法：从2003年4月—2005年12月就诊的11例髁突下骨折病例,全麻下口内切开,内镜辅助下进行髁突下骨折的复位与内固定,同期行其他部位骨折的复位与固定。结果：11例患者中有9例获得了良好的解剖复位,另2例因存在骨质缺损未能达到精确的解剖复位。手术后恢复较快,均无面神经损伤症状。随访期为1.5～3.8a,平均2.2a。术后6个月内关节功能正常,瘢痕不明显;随访期末,平均开口度为3.6cm,2例患者出现关节弹响,但不影响生活。结论：经口内入路内镜辅助的下颌骨髁突下骨折复位与固定可达到开放性手术类似的疗效,并可减少瘢痕的形成和面神经损伤的发生。     

A Modified Temporal Incision: An Alternative Approach to the Zygomatic Arch

Zygomatic arch fractures occur due to a direct injury to the lateral aspect of the head. When there are multiple fractures of the arch, open reduction and internal fixation is indicated. Conventionally hemi-coronal and pre-auricular incisions are placed to approach the arch. A modified temporal incision has been described. Open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic arch fractures has been done.     

A study on coronal incision for treating zygomatic complex fractures

Objective  To study the value of coronal incisions for treating zygomatic complex fractures and evaluate the advantages, indications and complications associated with it. Method  In this prospective study, 12 patients were randomly selected regardless of age, sex requiring open reduction and internal fixation of communited zygomatic complex fractures with or without other associated fractures of the midface. Patients were all treated by coronal approach for open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of the zygomatic complex. Other local incisions were used if required. Results  In all cases postoperative complications were relatively minor except in one case were the temporal branch of facial nerve weakness persisted at 3 months. Whereas 5 cases reported with slight weakness of the temporal branch of the facial nerve which resolved at the end of 3 months. The time taken for exposure of the fracture site via the coronal incision had a mean of 28.7 minutes. There were no cases of flap infection and just 1 case of stitch abscess reported. The same case later reported with a hypertrophic scar formation of greater than 0.5cm at 3months. In all other cases scar formation was negligible and well hidden within the hairline. There were no reported cases of paraesthesia at the operated site or hollowing of the temporal fossa. Conclusion  The coronal incision provides excellent access to the zygomatic arch and zygomatic complex, aiding in good anatomical reduction and also has the added advantage of the scar hidden in the hairline. It also has disadvantages like long operating time, risk of facial nerve injury, scarring in patients with male pattern baldness, paraesthesia of operated site etc. Therefore the incision should be judiciously used and not overused and indications strictly applied.