鼻内镜下行泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎临床分析

目的:探讨鼻内镜下行泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效.方法:将慢性泪囊炎患者随机分为两组,分别采用鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗和传统泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗并记录随访疗效.结果:传统泪囊鼻腔吻合术组共46眼,治愈28眼,好转15眼,无效3眼,有效率93.4%;鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术组共42眼,治愈34眼,好转6眼,无效2眼,有效率95.2%(P＞0.05).两种手术方法治疗慢性泪囊炎均取得了满意的疗效,两者之间差异无明显性.结论:鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术具有不影响美观、手术时间短、组织损伤小、出血少、视野清晰、可同期处理鼻腔病变等诸多优点,符合现代外科手术微创要求.     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎16例临床分析

目的总结分析慢性泪囊炎经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术的临床效果。方法回顾分析2005年12月到2010年12月间我科收治的16例(18眼)慢性泪囊炎采用鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术的临床资料。结果分别随访6个月～3年,16例(18眼)中,治愈9眼,好转7眼,无效2眼,有效率为88.9%,无1例严重手术并发症。结论鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术效果良好,创伤小,恢复快,是治疗慢性泪囊炎的有效方法。     

两种方法治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效比较

目的探讨鼻内镜下两种手术治疗慢性泪囊炎的手术效果。方法回顾性分析我科鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术与鼻内镜辅助下泪道扩张引流管植入术,对两组的手术效果进行比较。结果鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的总有效率82.7%,鼻内镜辅助下泪道扩张引流管植入治疗慢性泪囊炎的总有效率82.8%,两组相比无差异。结论鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术与鼻内镜辅助下泪道扩张引流管植入不改变泪道生理结构,可重复手术,是目前治疗慢性泪囊炎的一种较好的方法。     

鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效观察

目的观察探讨经鼻内镜鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年6月在我院采用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊患者48例的临床资料,与2009年之前行传统吻合术的48例患者的临床治疗做比较,对比观察鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊的临床疗效。结果 48例患者术后随访1年,治愈率为91.7%,有效率8.3%,总有效率100%,临床疗效明显高于对照组。结论鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术是治疗慢性泪囊炎的一种有效方法,可在临床推广应用。     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗二种慢性泪囊炎的疗效分析

目的 比较鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗单纯性慢性泪囊炎与泪道置管术后复发性泪囊炎的疗效观察。方法 选取2016年4月至2020年4月于山西省运城市中心医院就诊的慢性泪囊炎病人100例,均选择单眼,共100只眼行回顾性分析;将所有病人分为两组：单纯组和复发组,各50例,50只眼;所有病人均行鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗,术后随访6个月,并分析病人术后的治疗效果。结果 术后6月时单纯组的总有效率为92%,复发组的总有效率为76%,单纯组明显高于复发组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.17,P<0.05）。结论 泪道置管术后复发性泪囊炎经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗,其手术效果明显低于单纯性慢性泪囊炎。     

经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床研究

目的：观察经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法：选择2010年4月-2011年4月收治的经常规治疗方法无效的慢性泪囊炎患者36例（41眼）,在局麻鼻内镜下行泪囊鼻腔造口术。随访6～12个月。结果：本组36例（41眼）手术均顺利完成,其中治愈33例,好转2例,无效1例,总有效率为91．67％。均未出现明显手术并发症。结论：经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术对慢性泪囊炎治疗有较高的疗效,术中准确定位泪囊在鼻内的解剖部位是鼻内镜下鼻腔内造口术手术成功的关键。     

优质护理对鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎患者的护理满意度影响

目的观察优质护理对鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎患者的护理满意度影响。方法选择我院2019年1月至2020年1月收治的慢性泪囊炎患者120例,随机分成常规护理组和优质护理组,前者采取常规护理,后者采取优质护理。所有患者均经鼻内镜检查、CT检查和眼科专科检查,临床症状和检查结果均符合慢性泪囊炎诊断标准,具有鼻内镜治疗手术指征。比较两组患者的有效率及护理满意度。结果经过治疗后,120例患者中,治愈102例,占总数的85.83%;好转16例,占总数的12.54%;无效2例,占总数的1.72%,总有效率为98.33%。所有患者均安全出院,无严重并发症发生。优质护理组的满意度为96.67%,远高于常规护理组的88.33%。结论对鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎患者围手术期采取优质护理,疗效显著,且提高了患者的护理满意度。     

丝裂霉素在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中应用的体会

目的探讨丝裂霉素在鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中的应用。方法对50例56眼慢性泪囊炎患者,分为治疗组（36眼）和对照组（20眼）,鼻内镜下实施鼻腔泪囊吻合术,治疗组局部使用小剂量丝裂霉素,观察两组术后治愈率。结果治疗组治愈率94.44%,对照组治愈率60.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,χ2=5.826）。结论在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术应用丝裂霉素能够提高手术疗效,提高了患者的生活质量。     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎效果分析

目的 观察泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的效果.方法 分析84例104眼慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合的临床资料,就术前准备、手术方法与术后效果总结分析.结果 手术成功104眼,经6～24个月随访96眼元溢泪、溢脓症状,占92.31%;2眼1年后复发再次手术治愈占1.92%;4眼有溢泪,但泪道冲洗通畅占3.85%;2眼失访,失访率为1.92%.结论 泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎效果明显,复发率极低.     

鼻内镜下经鼻泪囊鼻腔吻合术

慢性泪囊炎是眼科的常见多发病,经鼻鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊手术已经有文章报导,现我们对鼻内镜下经鼻泪囊鼻腔吻合术作了一定的改进,使其更加简单,但又不影响疗效。经长期的随防,效果满意,报告如下。资料与方法2003年10月至2004年8月我院收治慢性泪囊炎病人39例。共40只眼,基中左眼2     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.