超声内镜引导下经胃行胰腺假性囊肿引流术的护理

胰腺假性囊肿在急性胰腺炎中发生率为7%~15%,在慢性胰腺炎中为25%,是常见的胰腺囊性损害,由急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、胰腺创伤、胰管阻塞等引起[1-2]。持续存在的胰腺假性囊肿可致感染、脓肿形成、侵蚀周边血管引起出血、破入邻近脏器或消化道、     

内镜超声引导下胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流术的护理

目的探讨内镜超声（endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）引导下胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流术的护理。方法回顾性总结2004年1月至2009年4月在EUS引导下行胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流术15例患者的临床资料及围术期护理措施。结果 15例患者均完成囊肿穿刺、置管,手术成功率为100%;发生并发症3例（20.0%）,其中胃壁出血2例、感染1例。手术后9例患者囊肿完全消失,4例患者囊肿较术前缩小50%,总有效率为86.7%（13/15）;术后随访3～6个月无复发。结论 EUS引导下胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流术是一种治疗价值高、安全、有效、并发症少的治疗方法 ,行之有效的护理配合是取得满意疗效的重要保证。     

9例胰腺假性囊肿超声内镜下经胃穿刺内引流的护理

[目的]探讨护理措施在保证超声内镜（EUS）引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺内引流术的顺利进行、减少并发症、降低复发率中的作用。[方法]对9例符合超声内镜引导下胰腺囊肿穿刺内引流适应证的病人,术前做好心理护理、术前指导、物品器械准备、病人准备并签署知情同意书,术中严密观察病情变化,做好手术配合。术后加强病情监测,注意并发症的预防和处理,做好饮食护理和用药指导及出院健康宣教,嘱病人定期随访。[结果]穿刺置管成功率为100%。4例囊肿完全消失,5例囊肿较术前缩小〉50%,术后随访3个月~6个月无复发。4例中2例手术当日呼吸得到明显改善,1例术后第2天黄疸明显消退,1例术后并发出血经治疗后痊愈。[结论]对超声内镜引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺治疗的病人采取有效的护理措施是保证手术成功的必备条件。     

9例胰腺假性囊肿超声内镜下经胃穿刺内引流的护理

[目的]探讨护理措施在保证超声内镜(EUS)引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺内引流术的顺利进行、减少并发症、降低复发率中的作用。[方法]对9例符合超声内镜引导下胰腺囊肿穿刺内引流适应证的病人,术前做好心理护理、术前指导、物品器械准备、病人准备并签署知情同意书,术中严密观察病情变化,做好手术配合。术后加强病情监测,注意并发症的预防和处理,做好饮食护理和用药指导及出院健康宣教,嘱病人定期随访。[结果]穿刺置管成功率为100%。4例囊肿完全消失,5例囊肿较术前缩小>50%,术后随访3个月~6个月无复发。4例中2例手术当日呼吸得到明显改善,1例术后第2天黄疸明显消退,1例术后并发出血经治疗后痊愈。[结论]对超声内镜引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺治疗的病人采取有效的护理措施是保证手术成功的必备条件。     

超声内镜引导下经胃肠道胰腺假性囊肿引流治疗： 疗效、安全性的分析报道

目的观察超声内镜(EUS)引导下经胃肠道胰腺假性囊肿引流的疗效及安全性。方法选择2008年1月~2012年12月共31例胰腺假性囊肿患者,行EUS引导下经胃肠道引流,囊肿平均最大直径9.5 cm(5~20 cm),在超声引导下选择穿刺点,用穿刺针穿刺后放r置导丝,分别使用针形刀(14例)及囊肿切开刀(11例)切开后,置双猪尾或鼻囊管引流。结果 31例患者中1例未能成功放置引流管引流,随访5~18个月中,3例患者术后复发并再次行EUS引导下经胃肠道引流,未成功1例转外科手术治疗,术后2例患者术后出现腹膜炎,其中1例行手术治疗,另1例经内科保守治疗好转,无出血发生,无死亡发生。结论超声内镜引导下经胃肠道胰腺假性囊肿引流术是一种安全、有效且并发症少、创伤小的方法。     

在超声内镜引导下治疗胰腺假性囊肿的护理

目的探讨在超声内镜引导下行胰腺假性囊肿治疗的临床护理。方法选择符合超声内镜引导下行胰腺囊肿治疗适应症的8例患者,运用护理程序实施整体护理。结果穿刺置管成功率为100%。3例囊肿完全消失,术后随访3～6个月,5例囊肿较术前缩小50%,6个月无复发。8例穿刺者未发生任何近期和远期并发症。由此总结得到最佳的护理方法。结论超声内镜引导下穿刺对胰腺假性囊肿的诊断与治疗有较大价值,并发症少,安全性好。而手术前后的护理是手术成功的关键。     

在超声内镜引导下治疗胰腺假性囊肿的护理

目的 探讨在超声内镜引导下行胰腺假性囊肿治疗的临床护理.方法 选择符合超声内镜引导下行胰腺囊肿治疗适应症的8例患者,运用护理程序实施整体护理.结果 穿刺置管成功率为100%.3例囊肿完全消失,术后随访3～6个月,5例囊肿较术前缩小50%,6个月无复发.8例穿刺者未发生任何近期和远期并发症.由此总结得到最佳的护理方法.结论 超声内镜引导下穿刺对胰腺假性囊肿的诊断与治疗有较大价值,并发症少,安全性好.而手术前后的护理是手术成功的关键.     

内镜下胃内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的探讨十二指肠镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术的临床效果。方法对该院2007年6月～2011年1月实施的10例内镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果该组10例均在胃镜、十二指肠镜下成功实施胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术,术后恢复良好,无近、远期并发症发生,随访17个月～4年,效果良好,囊肿全部消失。结论十二指肠镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术是治疗胰腺假性囊肿的一种有效、安全方法。但需要选择合适的病例。     

胰腺假性囊肿超声内镜下经胃穿刺内引流1例的护理

胰腺假性囊肿是常见的胰腺囊性损害,由急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、胰腺创伤、胰管阻塞等引起,为局限化富含胰酶的液体积聚,有完整的非上皮性包膜包裹。胰腺假性囊肿在急性胰腺炎中发生率为7％～15％,在慢性胰腺炎中为25％。     

超声内镜引导下经胃胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的中西医结合护理

总结25例行超声内镜引导下经胃胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的围手术期的中西医结合护理,术前做好患者术前评估,心理准备,术中护理严密观察,熟练配合,术后做好基础护理,健康指导和并发症护理,专业的中西医结合护理,使超声内镜引导下经胃胰腺假性囊肿内引流术疗效更有保证。     

胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌的超声内镜声像特征分析

目的旨在探讨胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌的超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography，EUS)声像特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经EUS检查并由病理检查诊断的42例胰腺癌及12例壶腹周围癌，对两类疾病的声像图特征及诊断正确率进行归纳总结。结果EUS对胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌的诊断具有较高的准确性，胰腺癌的诊断准确率为95．2％。壶腹周围癌的诊断准确率为83.3％。EUS对两类肿块的显示率均达100％。胰腺癌中胰腺呈局限性肿大37例(88．1％)，病灶呈低回声33例(78．6％)，伴胆管扩张29例(69．0％)，伴胰管扩张26例(61.9％)：壶腹周围癌中肿块呈低回声的10例(83.3％)，稍强回声的2例(16．7％)，伴肝内外胆管扩张12例(100．0％)，伴胰管扩张7例(58．3％)。结论EUS对胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌均有较高的诊断价值。     

Retrospective analysis of dual-phase MDCT and follow-up EUS/EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Background The optimal approach for detecting small pancreatic tumors is uncertain. We compared multidetector CT (MDCT) with follow-up endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) without or with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Methods Patients with suspicion of pancreatic cancer who underwent dual-phase MDCT and follow-up EUS were retrospectively reviewed. This consisted of scoring MDCT scans independently by three radiologists on a 1–5 scale of certainty, determining whether a stent was present, scoring EUS reports regarding presence of a mass and analyzing EUS-FNA results. Results A total of 117 patients underwent MDCT and EUS. ROC values for MDCT were 0.85, 0.87, and 0.91. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of EUS and MDCT. Follow-up EUS (99%) was significantly more sensitive than MDCT (89% and 93%), as interpreted by two radiologists. Follow-up EUS was statistically significantly more sensitive than MDCT (96% vs. 70%) for one radiologist for tumors < 2 cm. Specificity of EUS was 50%, and sensitivity of EUS-FNA was 82%. Negative predictive value of EUS-FNA was significantly less in patients with (21%) than without (70%) biliary stents. Conclusions Follow-up EUS improves lesion detection over MDCT alone. Close follow-up/repeat biopsy should be considered if FNA is negative, but EUS is positive.     

Inhibition of endogenous pancreatic enzyme secretion by oral pancreatic enzyme treatment

BACKGROUND: The existence of a feedback mechanism for exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans is controversial. Exclusion of proteases from the duodenum stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion. Conversely, addition of exogenous enzymes could reduce the enzyme secretion. Further investigation of the feedback mechanism should be performed under the most physiological conditions. In the present study we investigated exocrine pancreatic function by measuring fecal enzyme output in healthy volunteers consuming a normal diet, before and during a time course of exogenous pancreatic enzyme supplementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five healthy subjects (HS) were given two different doses (30 and 60 FIP proteases kg(-1) d(-1)) divided by the number of meals. In all subjects, fecal elastase-1 (E1) concentrations and chymotrypsin (ChT) activities were measured without and with enzyme supplements after 7 days of treatment. In eight subjects, E1 concentrations and ChT activities were measured daily for 10 consecutive days. The subjects were given a dose regimen of 100 FIP proteases kg(-1) d(-1)(divided by the number of meals) for the first 7 days. RESULTS: Oral pancreatic treatment dose-dependently inhibited endogenous pancreatic secretion measured with the use of E1 concentrations. In both regimen groups, the differences were statistically significant. The exogenous enzymes, which interfere with colorimetric method for ChT, dose-dependently increased ChT output. However, only the higher dose resulted in a statistically significant difference. In the subgroup of eight HS, time-dependent changes of fecal enzyme output occurred with a decrease of E1 concentrations and an increase of ChT activity from the second up to eighth or ninth day of the experiment. CONCLUSION: Exogenous applied pancreatic enzymes, dose- and time-dependently inhibited endogenous pancreatic secretion. The obtained results strongly support the existence of a protease mediated feedback mechanism in humans.     

腹腔镜胰管切开取石+胰管T管引流术在慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石中的应用价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰管切开取石+胰管T管引流术在慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月－2020年6月浙江大学医学院附属金华医院5例行腹腔镜胰管切开取石+胰管T管引流术治疗胰管结石的患者的临床资料。结果 5例患者均顺利完成手术。其中,1例Ⅳ_b型胰管结石予以EMS碎石清石系统碎石。手术时间120～180 min,平均145 min;术中出血量15～50 mL,平均29 mL;术后胃肠道功能恢复时间1.0～2.0 d,平均1.6 d;术后住院时间4.0～11.0 d,平均7.0 d;T管拔除时间32.0～60.0 d,平均42.4 d。术后无胰瘘、出血和腹腔感染等并发症发生。5例患者疗效均为优良。术后随访27.0～55.0个月,平均40.8个月。1例糖尿病患者胰岛素用量较术前减少;1例T管造影示胰管残余结石,行胆道镜检查术取出残余结石。患者均未见结石复发,无恶变。结论 腹腔镜胰管切开取石+胰管T管引流术创伤小,恢复快,疗效满意,操作简单,是一种安全有效的术式。     

超声内镜对结直肠黏膜下病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜(EUS)在结直肠黏膜下病变诊断和治疗中的作用。方法对结直肠黏膜下病变进行EUS检查。根据黏膜下病灶的起源层次,部分患者接受深挖活检、超声内镜引导下细针穿刺吸取活检术(EUS-FNA)、内镜下治疗或外科手术。回顾性分析EUS诊断结果与临床病理的相关性。结果 EUS检查的74例患者中,诊断神经内分泌肿瘤28例(均位于直肠);脂肪瘤15例(其中位于回盲部4例、横结肠1例、升结肠8例、乙状结肠2例);直肠间质瘤2例(固有肌层和黏膜肌层各1例);外压性改变14例(卵巢肿瘤9例,淋巴结2例,盆腔肿瘤3例);囊肿5例(横结肠4例、升结肠1例);气囊肿1例;乙状结肠子宫内膜异位3例;直肠周边恶性肿瘤侵犯4例;肠道淋巴瘤2例。所有病灶均接受深挖活检、EUS-FNA、内镜下治疗或外科手术。最终病理和EUS诊断符合率为68/74(91.9%),其中2例EUS考虑直肠类癌最后病理确诊为黏膜肌层来源的平滑肌瘤。1例考虑脂肪瘤最终确诊为肠道淋巴瘤。2例考虑直肠周边恶性肿瘤最终为炎性包块,1例考虑子宫内膜异位症最终诊断为直肠癌。结论 EUS能清晰地显示消化道各层结构,能清楚显示结直肠黏膜下病变的大小、起源及其与相邻结构的关系,并且能较精确地判断各种病变的性质,进而指导结直肠黏膜下病变的治疗。     

Utility of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of small pancreatic carcinomas

The aim of our study was to assess the utility of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS) for the depiction and differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors focusing in particularly those 2 cm or smaller. We compared different diagnostic procedures, contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (CE-CT) and EUS with the use of power Doppler (PD-EUS) and CE-EUS for detection and differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. The study included 156 consecutive patients with suspected pancreatic tumors, who underwent CE-CT, and EUS followed by PD-EUS and CE-EUS. CE-EUS was performed by power Doppler mode using sonographic contrast agent Levovist. Thirty-six of 156 patients examined had tumors of < or =2 cm. EUS had significantly higher sensitivity (94.4%) for detection of pancreatic carcinomas of 2 cm or less in comparison to CE-CT (50%). For small pancreatic tumor of 2 cm or less, sensitivities for differentiating ductal carcinomas from other tumors were 50.0%, 11.0% and 83.3% for CE-CT, PD-EUS and CE-EUS. CE-EUS was significantly more sensitive than PD-EUS and CE-CT. EUS and subsequent CE-EUS are more sensitive than CE-CT in the detection and the differentiation of small pancreatic tumors.     

免X线超声内镜下透壁引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的单中心回顾性分析

目的 探讨免X线超声内镜下胰腺假性囊肿（PPC）透壁引流,对比传统X线引导下透壁引流的临床效果和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月－2021年6月就诊于该院的33例行超声内镜下PPC透壁引流术患者的临床资料。其中,免X线组14例和X线引导组19例,比较两组患者手术成功率、手术时间和并发症发生率等。结果 33例PPC患者均成功完成手术（100.00%）,免X线组手术时间为（28.30±13.00）min,明显短于X线引导组的（46.79±18.00）min,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。免X线组2例（14.29%）出现术后并发症。其中,1例患者由于合并部分包裹性坏死,治疗后出现了感染和发热,抗感染治疗效果不理想,再次进行超声内镜下鼻胆管引流后,症状改善;另1例由于合并区域性门静脉高压症,术后出现上消化道出血,行介入治疗后,痊愈出院。X线引导组术后并发症4例（21.05%）。其中,2例因出现囊腔内感染而再次引流;2例出现上消化道出血,1例保守治疗成功,1例行开腹手术止血治疗和囊肿外引流术。结论 单纯性PPC行免X线超声内镜下透壁引流术,安全、有效,手术时间短,且内镜医生能够避免X线辐射损伤,值得临床推广。     

超声引导下鼻胆管引流的临床应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下内镜鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）的效果和临床应用价值。方法对术前经超声、CT或MRCP检查提示胆总管结石、胆总管扩张并肝吸虫感染,恶性梗阻性黄疸、急性胰腺炎、胆道狭窄共70例患者行超声引导下ENBD术、ERCP术,术后所有患者行X线下内镜逆行胆胰管造影（ERCP）进行对照。结果（1）本组所有病例均在超声引导下行ENBD术,与X线ERCP对照,符合率为100％。（2）超声能清晰地显示ERCP管并监测ERCP管进入胆总管的安放过程。（3）超声ERCP术可提高超声诊断率。结论超声引导下可行ENBD术,达到同样定位效果。且具有无辐射、无过敏,可进行床边急诊治疗等优点。     

体部γ刀治疗中晚期胰腺癌36例临床观察与护理

目的探讨体部γ刀治疗中晚期胰腺癌患者的护理要点。方法对体部γ刀治疗36例中晚期胰腺癌患者进行临床观察及护理。结果γ刀治疗36例胰腺癌患者治疗期间胃肠道反应26例(72.2%),经对症治疗后均按计划完成治疗,治疗后患者上腹部及腰背部疼痛明显减轻22例(61.1%),减黄2例(50%)。结论体部γ刀治疗中晚期胰腺癌是较安全有效的治疗方法,护理人员在治疗前中后期给予患者正确有效的指导并对治疗过程中存在的危险因素采取有效的护理干预措施,可提高治疗效果,降低死亡率。