胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病疗效评析

将62例初诊2型糖尿病按入院先后次序随机分为2组，持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII，n=31）及多次皮下胰岛素注射（MSII，n=31）。结果：62例患者空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（PBG）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）治疗后较治疗前均显著改善（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后比较，无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。随访达1．5年的19例患者中12例未使用降糖药。结论：短期胰岛素强化治疗可迅速降低血糖、血脂，可以在一段时间不用降糖药物。     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响

2型糖尿病（T2DM）多合并脂肪代谢异常,有学者认为该病亦可称为＂糖脂病＂。胰岛素抵抗贯穿于T2DM的发生、发展中。本研究对初诊T2DM合并血脂异常患者采用短期胰岛素泵持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）治疗．以探讨短期CSII治疗对糖脂毒性的改善作用。     

胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病疗效评析

将62例初诊2型糖尿病按入院先后次序随机分为2组,持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII,n=31)及多次皮下胰岛素注射(MSII,n=31).结果62例患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(PBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)治疗后较治疗前均显著改善(P＜0.05).两组治疗后比较.无统计学差异(P＞0.05).随访达1.5年的19例患者中12例未使用降糖药.结论短期胰岛素强化治疗可迅速降低血糖、血脂,可以在一段时间不用降糖药物.     

胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病疗效分析

胰岛素强化治疗可以使糖尿病患者血糖得到理想控制。胰岛素强化治疗方法主要分为每天多次注射胰岛素和胰岛素泵治疗,胰岛素泵又称为持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）,是临床上模拟人体生理胰岛素分泌的一种胰岛素输注系统,能模拟正常生理行胰岛素的分泌模式,提供基础量几餐前大剂量胰岛素,理想的控制血糖,且安全、可靠、方便,是目前糖尿病治疗最有效的选择。对于2型糖尿病患者,以往都是在口服药物失效或出现并发症的情况下才使用胰岛素治疗。     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢的影响

2型糖尿病对人体的危害主要是严重的慢性并发症,高血糖是产生慢性并发症的主要原因之一[1]。20世纪80年代Wilson提出对新诊断的糖尿病患者可使用胰岛素治疗,英国糖尿病前瞻性研究(UKPDS)和糖尿病并发症与控制试验(DCCT)均报道严格控制血糖能延缓和减少糖尿病患者大血管并发症,为胰岛素的广泛应用提供了有利证据。胰岛素泵治疗又称持续性皮下胰岛素输注     

胰岛素泵合用罗格列酮治疗初诊2型糖尿病研究

32例初诊2型糖尿病患者随机分为CSII组和CSII合用罗格列酮组强化治疗4周以评价其临床疗效，结果发现CSII合用罗格列酮组胰岛素用量少（P〈0．01），IAI明显增加（P〈0．01），且无严重低血糖反应、肝肾功能损害等副作用。结论：CSII合用罗格列酮治疗初发2型糖尿病更能有效地控制血糖、减轻胰岛素抵抗和改善胰岛β细胞功能。     

短期应用胰岛素泵治疗老年2型糖尿病19例临床分析

血糖紊乱是2型糖尿病(T2DM)的主要的病理生理基础,研究表明~([1,2]),严格控制血糖使之达到或接近理想水平是预防和减少糖尿病各种并发症的首要基本措施,但血糖越接近正常,发生低血糖的风险越会增加.本研究采用胰岛素泵持续皮下胰岛素注射(CSII)和多次皮下胰岛素注射(MDI)治疗方法,观察血糖控制结果、胰岛素用量及低血糖发生率,评价两种方法对老年T2DM患者治疗后的疗效和安全性.     

胰岛素泵合用罗格列酮治疗初诊2型糖尿病研究

32例初诊2型糖尿病患者随机分为CSII组和CSII合用罗格列酮组强化治疗4周以评价其临床疗效,结果发现CSII合用罗格列酮组胰岛素用量少(P＜0.01),IAI明显增加(P＜0.01),且无严重低血糖反应、肝肾功能损害等副作用.结论CSII合用罗格列酮治疗初发2型糖尿病更能有效地控制血糖、减轻胰岛素抵抗和改善胰岛β细胞功能.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌和敏感性的影响

目的 探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能的影响.方法 选取2006年6月至2007年2月在本院就诊的新诊断2型糖尿病患者10例进行为期2周的胰岛素泵强化治疗,在治疗前和停泵24 h后分别进行两次静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)和高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹试验.结果 (1)在治疗前所有糖尿病患者均缺乏急性胰岛素分泌(AIR),经2周强化治疗使血糖正常后,所有患者AIR均有了不同程度地恢复[(7.63±4.73 vs 0.83±1.96)mU/L,P＜0.01)].AIR恢复较好的患者略为年轻和肥胖.(2)糖耐量正常志愿者平均葡萄糖输注率(GIR)为(8.26±2.48)mg·kg-1·min-1,而初发2型糖尿病患者在胰岛素泵强化治疗前GIR为(2.30±0.81)mg·kg-1·min-1(与正常者比,P＜0.01),胰岛素泵强化治疗后GIR升高到(5.33±1.43)mg·kg-1·min-1(P＜0.01).GIR升高显著的患者腰围和体重指数低、治疗前的平均血糖高.结论 短期胰岛素泵强化治疗使血糖"正常化",同时可改善胰岛细胞功能,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病的体会

胰岛素泵（持续皮下胰岛素注射）的概念最早出现与1960年，他是由Arnold博士发明的一个可以连接输注胰岛素的装置。20世纪70年代初期，人们开始用它进行胰岛素泵理想输注的研究。现在的胰岛素泵是一种对许多糖尿病人安全有效的选择。下面是我近一年来用胰岛素泵治疗糖尿病患的疗效观察。     

住院2型糖尿病患者胰岛素泵的合理应用

目的 探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对2型糖尿病住院患者的应用方法,分析影响疗效及胰岛素用量的相关因素.方法 对1 276例2型糖尿病患者行胰岛素泵强化治疗,观察总体胰岛素泵应用情况,在初诊、老年伴肥胖或感染等特殊情况下胰岛素泵应用上的差别.结果 胰岛素强化治疗后总体血糖在(5.7±2.6)d达标,达标时单位胰岛素用量为(0.69±0.31)U·kg-1·d-1;初诊组达标较快,达标后胰岛素减量更早,幅度更大,达到临床缓解的比例更高;老年组夜间基础率较低,且夜间低血糖发生的风险较大;伴肥胖组餐前胰岛素用量较大,但低血糖风险较低;伴感染组胰岛素用量较大,主要是基础率明显增加;血糖达标天数和胰岛素用量主要与感染、基础血糖及肥胖显著相关.结论 对不同人群的连续皮下胰岛素输注应用方法存在着差别,患者的感染、基础血糖和肥胖指标有助于确定初始胰岛素用量.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者血浆vaspin水平的影响

目的 观察短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者血浆内脏脂肪组织来源的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物vaspin水平的影响,探讨其与胰岛素敏感性的关系.方法 30例初发2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素泵强化治疗2周,治疗前后采用高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹术评价其胰岛素敏感性,用酶免法测定血浆vaspin及相关代谢指标.结果 2型糖尿病组空腹血浆vaspin水平高于正常糖耐量(NGT)组和糖调节受损(IGR)组.2型糖尿病组经胰岛素泵强化治疗后葡萄糖代谢率升高[(5.10±0.51对2.99±0.42)mg·kg-1·min-1,P＜0.05],稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)降低[2.30(1.09～7.20)对4.28(1.70～6.47),P＜0.05],同时血浆vaspin水平也显著降低[(1.19±0.57对1.83±0.55)ng/ml,P＜0.05],且vaspin水平的降低与HOMA-IR的改变呈明显正相关.结论 胰岛素泵强化治疗能有效改善2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素敏感性,降低血浆vaspin水平;且血浆vaspin水平与2型糖尿病患者胰岛索敏感性有关.     

Diurnal variation of carbohydrate insulin ratio in adult type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

To estimate the carbohydrate‐to‐insulin ratio (CIR), a formula dividing a constant, usually 300–500, by the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, is widely utilized. An appropriate CIR varies for each meal of the day, however. Here, we investigate diurnal variation of CIR in hospitalized Japanese type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. After optimization of the insulin dose, TDD and total basal insulin dose (TBD) were 34.9 ± 10.2 and 9.3 ± 2.8 units, respectively, with a percentage of TBD to TDD of 27.3 ± 6.0%. The products of CIR and TDD at breakfast, lunch and dinner were 311 ± 63, 530 ± 161, and 396 ± 63, respectively, suggesting that in the formula estimating CIR using TDD, the constant should vary for each meal of the day, and that 300, 500, and 400 are appropriate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively.     

2型糖尿病患者预混胰岛素类似物治疗与持续胰岛素输注治疗剂量的相关性研究

分析经短期持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)强化治疗后换为预混胰岛素类似物治疗的2型糖尿病患者,发现CSII治疗末日胰岛素使用量小于45 U/d宜选择每日2次预混胰岛素类似物治疗,大于45 U/d 宜选择每日3次预混胰岛素类似物治疗.其治疗剂量可根据以下方程:每日2次预混胰岛素类似物治疗剂量=13.093+0.395×CSII治疗总量,每日3次预混胰岛素类似物治疗剂量=23.114+0.405×CSII治疗总量.     

甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈与胰岛素泵对2型糖尿病骨折患者围手术期的疗效观察

分析甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈和胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病骨折患者围手术期的资料,发现两种治疗均能使血糖达标[空腹血糖(6.89±1.96)对(6.75±2.33)mmol/L],达标时间无显著差异[(3.6±1.6)对(2.9±1.2)d,均P0.05],但胰岛素泵组的平均血糖值更低.     

A feasibility study of the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in a diabetic clinic: patients' choice of treatment

Insulin-treated diabetic patients attending a busy diabetic clinic were approached to determine their interest in using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) via a portable pump. Three hundred and eighty-two patients were offered the choice of CSII, intensified conventional therapy (ICT) or continuation of less intensified treatment. One hundred and sixteen patients (30.4%) chose CSII, 169 (44.2%) chose ICT, 97 (25.4%) chose the less intensive regimen. Those choosing CSII represented a broad cross section of the clinic population, though older patients with a longer duration of diabetes tended to continue with less intensified therapy. There were no differences between groups in the level of blood glucose control or the prevalence of complications at the outset of the study. Of 104 patients not previously using CSII, 86 have so far commenced the therapy. Twenty-seven (32.6%) of these discontinued within one year, 23 doing so in the first three months of treatment. Metabolic control, assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin, was significantly improved in the CSII group after three months and in the other treatment groups by six months. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels achieved with CSII were significantly lower at three and six months when compared with the other treatments.     

Altered recognition of hypoglycaemic symptoms in type I diabetes during intensified control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

The effect of intensified metabolic control obtained with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on the frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia was studied in type I diabetic patients. The reproducibility of the questionnaire used to evaluate the hypoglycaemic symptoms was verified in a control group receiving unchanged conventional insulin therapy for 2 months. Metabolic control was significantly improved during CSII (HbA1c 6.8 +/- 0.4% versus 8.7 +/- 0.7%, normal range up to 5.4%) in all patients while no change was seen in the control group. The results of frequent self glucose monitoring showed that the incidence of low glucose levels (below 3.5 mmol/l) increased about threefold in the CSII group. Awareness of hypoglycaemia was clearly changed during CSII with less pronounced adrenergic symptoms while no alterations were found in the group with unchanged metabolic control. These results emphasize the importance of regular self glucose monitoring during CSII and of informing the patients that their hypoglycaemic symptoms may change during intensified control.     

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in patients with diabetes mellitus

During the last quarter of a century continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with external portable insulin pumps has been increasingly used in selected type 1 diabetic subjects and also in some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin pumps has become more and more popular and accepted by diabetic patients as well as by medical professionals worldwide. Published trials have shown that, in most patients, mean blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages are either slightly lower or similar on CSII versus an optimized therapy with multiple daily insulin injections. Hypoglycemic episodes seem to be less frequent and ketoacidoses occur at a comparable rate to that during intensive injection therapy. Moreover, nocturnal glycemic control can be improved with insulin pumps, and automatic basal rate changes help to minimize a prebreakfast blood glucose increase (often called 'the dawn phenomenon'). For many patients, CSII provides greater flexibility in timing of meals with the result of better quality of life and higher treatment satisfaction. However, despite these promising data, and although many patients with diabetes mellitus with well-defined clinical problems are likely to benefit substantially from CSII, either in respect to glycemic control, acute complications or quality of life and treatment satisfaction, we are still far away from reaching'dream diabetes management', the fully automatic closed-loop system. Presently, the most difficult problem concerns not the design of an 'optimal' insulin pump, but rather the development of a system which is able to provide continuous and reliable blood glucose monitoring. Hence, because this problem has not been solved with maximum satisfaction, the development of a feedback-controlled 'artificial pancreas' is one of the main goals in diabetes management in the new millennium.     

老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素泵的临床应用

目的 探讨连续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)在老年2型糖尿病患者中的应用. 方法 老年组415例,非老年组461例,均进行短期CSII强化治疗,比较两组应用CSII的差别和低血糖发生率. 结果 老年组和非老年组血糖达标时间分别为(6.3±2.1)d和(6.8±2.6)d.胰岛素日用量分别为(0.63±0.24)U/kg和(0.69±0.25)U/kg,差异均无统计学意义;老年组夜间基础率较低,且夜间低血糖发生率较高.分别为0.08次/例和0.04次/例. 结论 CSII能有效控制老年2型糖尿病患者的血糖,但应注意减少晚餐前大剂量和夜间的基础率,从而降低低血糖风险.