新疆紫草提取物对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究新疆紫草提取物AEJ-Ⅰ、AEJ-Ⅱ对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用卡介苗（BCG）和脂多糖（LPS）诱导免疫性肝损伤动物模型，观察AEJ-Ⅰ、AEJ-Ⅱ对小鼠肝脏系数、脾脏系数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）水平的影响，并观察肝脏病理组织学变化。结果：AEJ-Ⅰ高剂量组和AEJ-ⅡI高、低剂量组均可降低肝脏系数．并使肝组织MDA含量降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；AEJ-Ⅰ高剂量组可降低脾脏系数，并使肝组织SOD活性升高（P〈0．05）；AEJ各剂量组均可使肝组织GSH-Px活性升高、NO含量降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；AEJ-Ⅰ高剂量组可明显降低小鼠血清ALT、AST的活性（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；AEJ-Ⅱ高、低剂量组均可明显降低小鼠血清ALT的活性（P〈0．05），AEJ-Ⅱ高剂量组可明显降低小鼠血清AST的活性（P〈0．05）。AEJ-Ⅰ、AEJ-Ⅱ均可不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织性损伤。结论：AEJ-Ⅰ和AEJ-Ⅱ对小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

乌索酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨乌索酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的影响。方法利用乙醇灌胃法建立小鼠急性肝损伤病理模型,分别以乌索酸按30mg／kg、60mg／kg小鼠口服给药,观察其对急性肝损伤小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性及肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果急性肝损伤模型组与空白对照组比较,各项指标差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）;乌索酸组与模型组比较,血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织MDA含量明显降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论乌索酸对酒精所致的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

葡萄籽提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用，并探讨其可能的作用机制，为进一步研究GSE的保健功能奠定基础。方法：雄性昆明种小鼠60只，随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组（150mg／kg）以及GSE低、中、高剂量组（50、250、500mg／kg）共6组。测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏和脾脏系数，采用赖氏法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性，采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，采用硫代巴比妥酸法（TBA）测定肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量，并对各组进行比较，观察肝脏病理组织学变化。结果：GSE各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性（P〈O．01），升高肝组织SOD活性（P〈O．01），降低MDA含量（P〈O．01），并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织损伤。结论：葡萄籽提取物对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

保肝方对四氯化碳致肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究保肝方对四氯化碳（CCl4）肝损伤保护作用机理。方法 采用小鼠CCl4肝损伤模型进行实验，测定小鼠血清ALT、AST，MDA，GSH-ST。并做肝组织病理学检查。结果 保肝方能显著降低CCl4肝损伤小鼠的MDA（P〈0．05），提高肝GSH-ST（P〈0．05）的活性。显著降低ALT（P〈0．01）和AST（P〈0．01），减轻肝组织变性、坏死程度，缓解肝脏病理改变。结论 保肝方对CCl4引起的急性肝损伤保护作用机制可能与其抑制脂质过氧化、消除自由基以及抑制肝细胞变性有关。     

山茛菪碱对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究山莨菪碱对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及可能的机制。方法 建立卡介苗与脂多糖（BCG＋LPS）诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型，测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT），天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平和肝匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量，计算肝脏、脾脏重量指数，并进行肝脏病理组织检查。结果 小鼠腹腔注射山莨菪碱，连用7d，可显著降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST水平（P〈0．01），使升高的肝指数降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），脾指数也呈降低趋势；山莨菪碱还可明显降低肝匀浆MDA含量，使降低的肝匀浆GSH—px、SOD活性升高（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），减轻肝组织病理损伤程度。结论 山莨菪碱对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤有明显的保护作用，保肝机制可能与其增强抗氧化活性等有关。     

和厚朴酚对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨和厚朴酚对小鼠四氯化碳（CCl4）致肝损伤的保护作用。方法将昆明种小鼠随机分为5组：对照组、模型组和高、中、低剂量和厚朴酚组,模型组用CCl4造成小鼠急性肝损伤模型。测定各组血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝组织丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性变化。结果和厚朴酚各组小鼠与模型组比较,血清ALT、AST含量降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）、肝脏MDA含量下降（P〈0．01）、SOD活性增强（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论和厚朴酚对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与减少自由基的产生有关。     

空心莲子草醇提物对化学性肝损伤的影响

目的观察空心莲子草（APG）对化学性肝损伤小鼠的影响。方法分别采用CCl4和D-半乳糖胺作为化学毒物制成化学性肝损伤模型。测定各组动物血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ASY）的活性。光镜下观察其肝脏病理变化,并测定肝匀浆MDA含量和SOD活力。结果CCl4肝损伤模型组和D-半乳糖胺肝损伤模型组小鼠的血清ALT和AST均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,SOD活力较正常对照组低（P〈0．01）,MDA含量高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,表明CCl4和D-半乳糖胺均造模成功。空心莲子草高、中剂量组较模型组血清ALT和AST活性明显降低（P〈0．01）,MDA含量明显降低和SOD活力明显提高（P〈0．01）。病理组织学观察,空心莲子草组肝损较模型组明显减轻。结论空心莲子草对化学性肝损伤有保护作用。      

琐琐葡萄总黄酮对小鼠免疫性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的：应用免疫性肝损伤模型研究琐琐葡萄总黄酮（VTF）对肝脏的保护作用，并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法：昆明种雄性小鼠72只，随机分为正常对照组、免疫性肝损伤模型组（卡介苗＋脂多糖组）、联苯双酯（DDB）阳性对照组以及VTF低、中、高剂量组共6组，测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏、脾脏系数，采用连续监测法或比测法测定并比较各组小鼠肝组织匀浆中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量，观察各组肝脏组织病理学变化。结果：VTF各剂量组（50、150、300mg／kg）均可显著降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏系数和脾脏系数（P〈O．01），并可显著升高小鼠肝组织中ALT、AST和SOD活性，降低MDA含量（P〈O．01），且SOD活性随着VTF剂量的增大而升高（P〈O．01）；病理组织学检查结果显示VTF各剂量组可不同程度的改善肝组织病理损伤，与生化检查结果相一致。结论：VTF对小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

清肝利胆口服液对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究清肝利胆口服液对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用白酒制备大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,清肝利胆口服液按高、低剂量灌胃。连续8周,测定血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的含量,检测肝组织丙二醛（MDA）及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,并观察肝脏的病理组织学改变。结果：清肝利胆口服液组可显著降低大鼠血清AST、ALT含量。与肝损模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;受试样品高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织的MDA含量均值均低于肝损模型组;GSH含量均高于肝损模型组;肝组织病理学改变较肝损模型组显著减轻。结论：清肝利胆口服液对大鼠酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,呈一定的量效关系。     

傣雅解护肝方对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作斥

目的：研究傣雅解护肝方对四氯化碳（CCl4）致小鼠急性肝损伤模型的保护作用。方法：用傣雅解护肝方预防性给药7天后,用CCl4造模,检测造模后小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性;显微镜观察小鼠肝组织病理学变化。结果：傣雅解护肝方各剂量组能明显抑制CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型A岍、AST的升高（P〈0．05）;减轻四氯化碳对肝脏细胞的病理损伤。结论：傣雅解护肝方对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.