经胸超声心动图在经心导管封堵小儿室间隔缺损中的应用

目的:探讨经胸超声心动图在经心导管封堵小儿室间隔缺损(VSD)手术中的应用价值.材料和方法:超声心动图在胸骨旁多个切面测量10例VSD的最大直径,确定VSD部位及其周围关系,VSD封堵术中引导封堵器的放置及疗效评价.结果:10例VSD中主动脉瓣下VSD 3例,其中1例合并主动脉窦瘤形成;膜部VSD 5例中3例合并室间隔膜部瘤形成,其中2例为单孔型,1例为筛孔型;肌部VSD 2例.8例采用Amplatzer VSD封堵器、1例较小VSD用Coil弹簧圈封堵成功,另1例VSDФ>1.2cm Amplatzer封堵失败.结论:TTE可确定VSD封堵适应证,术中正确引导封堵器的放置,在小儿VSD经心导管封堵术中具有重要作用.     

伴有膜部瘤室间隔缺损的封堵治疗

目的　分析和评价伴有膜部瘤室间隔缺损(VSD)的Amplatzer伞的封堵治疗。方法　2 0 0 3年1月至2 0 0 5年4月我科共对16例VSD患者实施了Amplatzer伞封堵治疗,其中伴有膜部瘤VSD 10例。通过左室造影明确VSD大小,膜部瘤形态及与主动脉右冠瓣距离后,在透视及超声监测下建立股动静脉轨道,经右心系统释放封堵器。结果　左心室造影测量室缺直径为4～11(4.9±1.3)mm ,缺损上缘距主动脉根部距离0 .8 9(3.4±1.6 )mm ,膜部瘤缺损呈管状2例,囊袋状5例,漏斗状3例。膜部瘤出口2个以上4例,单出口6例。9例患者封堵器置入成功,7例采用对称型国产室间隔封堵器。2例采用国产动脉导管未闭封堵器,封堵器均未影响右室流出道。其中1例嵴内型缺损,缺损上缘离主动脉右冠瓣小于1mm ,封堵器堵闭膜部瘤的出口,封堵器左室面未影响右冠瓣而封堵成功。1例因基底部宽15mm ,顶端多出口而堵闭失败,转胸外科修补治疗。左室造影即刻9例无残余分流;1例封堵器周边有流速4 .5cm s的微量分流,术后发生机械性溶血,未经治疗术后2d症状消失,复查超声,残余分流减少,流速减少为2cm s。术后发生传导阻滞者4例,其中一过性束支传导阻滞1例,永久性左束支传导阻滞1例、右束支传导阻滞各2例。余无其他并发症。结论　伴有膜部瘤的VSD在VSD中占有比例较高,是Am     

超声心动图与左室造影评价室间隔缺损封诸术后左室功能变化的相关性研究

目的　通过左室造影和超声心动图同步评价室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术前后左室功能变化,对两种方法测量的相关性进行探讨。方法　对我院2 8例成功采用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗的VSD患者进行研究。所有患者术前2 4h、术后2 4h行经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查,封堵前及封堵后行左室造影检查,同时进行左室容积和径线的测量,将超声和造影的测量结果进行直线相关及回归分析。结果　两种方法均提示VSD封堵术后左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左室每博量(LVSV)减小。两者在LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、LVEF等左室容积指标测量方面,相关系数分别为0 .81、0 .6 3、0 .6 9。在左室长径L和左室短径D等径线指标测量方面,相关系数分别为0 .84和0 .86。结论　超声心动图和左室造影在评价室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术前后左室功能变化方面有着良好相关性,超声心动图检查可作为长期的随访手段     

国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损

目的　观察国产Ampatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的临床疗效及安全性。方法　2 0 0 3年1月至2 0 0 5年4月采用国产封堵器对16例VSD施行封堵术。患者年龄3.5～4 1(13.98±11.0 5 )岁,体重12 .5～5 9(32 .1±17.5 9)kg。超声心动图显示室间隔回声中断3.7～9mm(5 .34±1.75mm)。所有病人在透视及超声监测下完成VSD封堵治疗。结果　术中造影示漏斗部嵴内型2例,膜部14例。13例患者封堵器置入成功。2例分别采用6 8mm、4 6mm动脉导管未闭Amplatzer伞封堵,另外8例应用对称型室间隔封堵器,型号为4～10 (7±2 .39)mm。左心室造影测量室缺直径为3.2～11(4.9±1.8)mm,缺损上缘距主动脉根部距离0 .8～9(3.1±2 .2 )mm ,10例合并有膜部室间隔膨出瘤.11即刻无分流,1例术后即刻有流速达4 .5cm s的2mm的残余分流。3例失败,原因分别为嵴内型缺损、多孔型缺损、操作粗暴损伤右房室瓣。术后发生一过性束支传导阻滞3例,永久性左束支传导阻滞、右束支传导阻滞各2例,一过性机械性溶血1例。余无其他并发症发生。结论　国产Amplazer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损安全有效,近期效果良好,中远期疗效有待于进一步观察     

国产封堵器治疗小儿膜部瘤样室间隔缺损的远期随访评价

目的 探讨国产封堵器在室间隔膜部瘤(PPVS)介入治疗术后远期随访情况.资料与方法对68例室间隔缺损(VSD)伴PPVS患儿进行国产封堵器介入治疗,选择4～14 mm封堵器进行封堵.术后24 h、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月行胸部X线、心电图及经胸超声心动图检查.结果 68例封堵VSD的患儿中,62例成功,成功率为91.2%.术后24 h复查超声心动图,8例少量残余分流.术后1年复查残余分流消失.9例传导阻滞患者术后3个月心电图均恢复正常.24个月随访无迟发性心律失常.结论 国产封堵器封堵PPVS安全、可行,并发症少.但需注意中、长期观察及随访.     

新型动脉导管未闭封堵器封堵膜周部室间隔缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨新型动脉导管未闭封堵器(Amplatzer duct occluder Ⅱ)行幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)封堵的可行性.方法 选取2例幼儿PMVSD病例,1例为3岁,心脏超声示膜部VSD,左室面缺损为5.5 mm,右室面分流口为2.3 mm,VSD上缘距主动脉瓣4 mm,另1例为2岁10个月,超声示膜部...     

应用Amplatzer封堵器闭合膜部室间隔缺损的体会

目的　评价Amplatzer封堵器闭合膜部空间隔缺损 (VSD)的临床疗效与安全性。 方法　 6例VSD患者中男 4例、女 2例 ,年龄 (13.4± 4 .6 ) (6～ 2 0 )岁 ,均经心脏超声证实为膜周型VSD。 6例中除 1例6岁患者系全麻外 ,其余均在局麻上完全操作。经导管闭合治疗。先行左室造影 ,测量VSD大小及选择Amplatzer封堵器 ,再建立钢丝轨道 ,沿钢丝轨道放入传送器外鞘管 ,将封堵器与传送器并经外鞘管送至左室 ,至于VSD处 ,经心脏超声及左室造影证实封堵成功后 ,释放Amplatzer封堵器 ,退出传送器及外鞘管。结果　患者VSD直径分别为 4mm 2例 ,5mm 2例 ,7mm及 8mm各 1例。所用Amplatzer封堵器的大小分别为 6mm 2例、8mm 2例、10mm 2例。所有患者均一次封堵成功 ,无并发症发生。结论　Amplatzer封堵器的闭合膜部VSD安全、有效 ,可避免开胸手术 ,值得临床推广应用。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵失败病例经胸超声心动图回顾性分析

目的对室间隔缺损(VSD)介入封堵失败病例术后行经胸超声心动图复查,以提高经胸超声心动图术前应用价值,总结失败原因。方法选取15例VSD封堵不成功病例。在分析左室造影主要观察指标后,用Philips5500型彩色多普勒诊断仪在不同超声切面于术后重复测量VSD大小、观察缺损口形态与周围结构的毗邻关系以及各瓣膜的反流情况。结果①膜周部VSD10例:膜部瘤8例,其中≥2个出口6例,膜部瘤基底部宽度8～18(10±2)mm,瘤深度3～10(6±2)mm;距主动脉瓣0～6(2±1)mm,距右房室瓣2～5(2±1)mm;均伴右房室瓣少量反流;主动脉瓣反流5例,为微量至少量。无膜部瘤2例。②嵴内型VSD5例:大小6～10(7±1)mm,距肺动脉瓣2～3(1±0.8)mm,距主动脉瓣1～2(1±0.6)mm;主动脉瓣少量反流4例;右房室瓣微量反流5例;主动脉瓣脱垂4例;5例均成五彩花样分流。结论超声心动图受影响因素较多,对缺损的定位和大小的测量,应选择多切面、多方向的连续扫查法,以筛选VSD封堵术的适应证及合适封堵器大小,提高封堵成功率,保证VSD封堵术的远期疗效。     

彩色多普勒血流显像经胸超声心动图对室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗的价值

 目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(Color doppler flow imaging,CDFI)经胸超声心动图(Transthoraic echocardiogram,TTE)在室间隔缺损(Ventricular septal defect,VSD)介入封堵术前、术中及术后的应用价值.方法首先使用CDFI经胸超声心动图扫查选择适合做封堵术的VSD患者,然后监测导管引导Amplatzer封堵器治疗VSD的全过程,在监测过程中认真观察导管及封堵器的位置,配合封堵器的释放,观察封堵器是否已封堵好室间隔缺损处,周边有无残余分流.结果 CDFI经胸超声心动图扫查选择VSD 11例,均为膜部缺损.除1例因VSD上缘距主动脉瓣右冠瓣1.9～2.0mm,缺损口6.0 mm,并有胸骨畸形,封堵术改为经胸手术外,其余10例封堵成功,CDFI未见残余分流.结论 CDFI经胸超声心动图扫查对VSD封堵适应证的选择,封堵术中监测及封堵术后判断及追访均有着重要价值.     

动脉导管未闭个体化介入治疗的初步尝试

目的评价动脉导管未闭(PDA)个体化介入治疗的临床应用价值。方法8例应用标准型Amplatzer导管封堵器难以完成介入治疗的PDA患者,根据造影显示PDA形态及临床特点,分别选用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器、偏心型导管封堵器以及Amplatzer肌部室间隔缺损封堵器进行介入治疗,术后以心脏超声随诊评价疗效。结果8例患者皆成功完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生;其中1例应用Amplatzer肌部室间隔缺损封堵器、2例应用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器、5例应用偏心型导管封堵器;2例经2次手术完成,余患者一次治疗完成;8例患者中,有2例封堵后即刻造影显示封堵完全,4例术后2 4h心脏超声检查无残余分流,7例术后3月残余分流消失;1例术后6个月时心脏超声仍可见约2mm的残余分流,但肺动脉压力明显下降,患者主观症状明显减轻。结论个体化原则可以进一步扩大PDA介入治疗的适应证,临床实践需要设计和生产不同形态和大小的封堵装置。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.