623例内镜取石保胆术

目的 探讨经内镜胆囊取石术治疗胆囊结石的指征及临床价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2000—2006年收治的712例胆囊结石患者临床资料。右上腹墨菲氏点处行2～4cm纵形切口,于胆囊底部无血管区戳孔,在胆道镜引导下取出结石。确认无结石残留,胆汁涌入胆囊后,以甲硝唑冲洗胆囊,可吸收线全层缝合戳孔并荷包包埋。结果符合适应证经内镜胆囊取石术623例,均痊愈出院。经1～5年随访475例,5例患者结石复发。结论保胆内镜取石术治疗胆囊结石疗效理想,但必须严格掌握适应证,术中必须观察到胆汁自胆囊管口涌入胆囊,否则需中转手术行胆囊切除术。     

纤维胆道镜下胆囊切开取石保胆治疗胆囊结石612例随访结果分析

目的 探讨纤维胆道镜下胆囊切开取石保胆手术治疗胆囊结石的可行性.方法 回顾性分析1992年2月至2006年6月接受纤维胆道镜下胆囊切开取石保胆手术治疗胆囊结石的760例患者的临床资料,其中男性428例,女性332例;年龄18～81岁,中位年龄43岁.所有患者术前均经超声明确诊断,术前经口服胆囊造影或核医学显像,提示胆囊功能正常.所有患者术中均将胆囊结石全部取净.结果 共行纤维胆道镜下胆囊切开取石保胆手术760例,随访到612例,随访率80.5%,术后全部恢复良好,术后每年进行一次随访,随访1～15年,术后1年胆囊结石的复发率为0.49%,2年复发率为4.39%,3年复发率为5.83%,5年复发率为6.60%,7年复发率为7.21%,9年复发率为8.38%,10年和15年复发率均为10.11%.结论 纤维胆道镜下胆囊切开取石保胆手术对有功能的胆囊结石患者有良好的治疗效果,保留了有功能的胆囊,提高了患者的生存质量,是一种可行的手术方式.     

微创保胆术后胆囊功能恢复的影响因素分析

目的：探讨微创保胆术后胆囊功能恢复的影响因素。 方法：采用完全随机化病例对照设计,从保胆取石术后随访满1年的患者里随机抽取59例,其中胆囊功能恢复良好37例,功能恢复差22例,对术后胆囊功能恢复的影响因素行统计分析。 结果：单因素分析显示,年龄、胆囊壁厚度、黏膜下结石、炎性病理、结石复发、糖尿病、手术时间、术后服药与患者胆囊功能恢复有关（均P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析表明,影响胆囊功能恢复的危险因素为：结石复发（OR=13.121,P=0.046）、糖尿病（OR=12.263,P=0.043）、炎性病理（OR=6.891,P=0.037）、手术时间（OR=6.718,P=0.030）。 结论：结石复发、糖尿病、胆囊长期慢性炎症、长时间手术操作是微创保胆术后胆囊功能恢复差主要影响因素。     

三种微创方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效分析

目的:观察不同微创方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果。方法:胆囊结石106例患者分别行腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石T管引流(A组,23例)、腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石逆行置放鼻胆管胆总管一期缝合(B组,63例)、内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石联合腹腔镜胆囊切除(C组,20例)。观察3组的治疗过程、术后恢复情况以及患者的满意度。结果:A组患者均顺利实施手术,B组1例被迫更改为腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石T管引流,C组1例被迫更改为腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石T管引流、1例行腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石逆行置放鼻胆管胆总管一期缝合。C组的手术时间最长(P0.05);平均住院费用:C组B组A组(P0.05);3组平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组恢复正常工作的时间最短(P0.05);C组术后不适发生率最高,A组随访患者满意率最低(均P0.05)。结论:3种微创方式对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的治疗各有利弊,临床需根据患者的情况采用个体化方式进行选择。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石一期与二期微创治疗的Meta分析

目的:评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE)与术前内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效及安全性.方法:使用计算机在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、EBSCO数据库中检索比较LC+LCBDE、ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石...     

多镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创手术策略

胆石症是胆道外科的常见病多发病。近年来,随着腹腔镜技术和内镜外科技术的发展,外科手术微创化、精准化治疗成为趋势。传统开腹手术方式逐渐被腹腔镜、十二指肠镜、胆道镜、胃镜等多镜联合的微创手术模式替代。多镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创手术逐渐发展并成熟,本文对各种微创手术方式进行综述。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除和保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石的前瞻和对照性研究

目的 比较5年来腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）和腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术（LCCC）治疗胆囊结石的疗效.方法 将400例胆囊结石患者,在知情同意的情况下分为LCCC组（200例）和LC组（200例）.对两组的手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后症状和结石复发等因素进行分析.结果 LCCC组与LC组比较,手术时间长[（53.6±15.2） min与（29.4±10.8） min,P＜0.05）];术后住院时间差异无统计学意义.两组术后随访5年,平均3.8年.正常饮食情况下,LCCC组无腹泻症状,LC组术后出现腹泻症状者110例（55%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,患者必须服用低脂饮食以缓解腹泻症状.技术开展初期（3个月）,经复查B超发现LCCC组结石残留4例（2%）,复发结石4例（2%）.两组住院费用差异无统计学意义.结论 LCCC较LC手术时间稍长,术后住院时间无明显差异.保胆手术复发和结石残留率低,无胆囊切除后的腹泻症状.保胆手术保留了患者的器官,值得进一步探索.     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行腹腔外保胆取石术60例临床分析

目的:总结腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行腹腔外保胆取石术的经验。方法:2005年1月至2008年12月我院将确诊且符合保胆取石手术条件的60例患者分为2组,研究组(30例)应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜行腹腔外保胆取石术,对照组(30例)行传统胆道镜取石术,比较两组的治疗结果。结果:研究组手术时间(75.39±21.58)min,术后住院(5.68±1.53)d,1例复发,无其他并发症发生;对照组手术时间(68.76±14.95)min,术后住院(7.84±1.85)d,7例复发,1例结石残余,2例胆漏,1例感染。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜行腹腔外保胆取石术具有患者创伤小、安全、术后住院时间短、并发症少、康复快等诸多优点,值得临床推广。     

两种微创术式治疗老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床对比

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)与逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)/经十二指肠镜Oddi括约肌切开术(EST)联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石老年患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析中日联谊医院2012年10月—2016年4月94例行微创手术治疗的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石老年患者(60岁以上)的临床资料,其中45例行LC+LCBDE(LC+LCBDE组),49例行ERCP/EST+LC(ERCP/EST+LC组),比较两组的相关临床指标。结果:LC+LCBDE组和ERCP/EST+LC组手术成功率(93.3%vs.89.8%,P=0.539)及术后并发症发生率(8.9%vs.10.2%,P=0.892)差异均无统计学差异;LC+LCBDE组住院费用明显低于ERCP/EST+LC组(37 735元vs.48 260元,P0.001);住院时间显短于ERCP/EST+LC组(11.51 d vs.13.39 d,P=0.015)。两组共81例获随访6~48个月,两组患者结石复发、胆道感染发生率无统计学差异(均P0.05),均未发生胆道狭窄、胰腺炎、胆管恶变等情况。结论:LC+LCBDE在住院费用及住院时间方面有明显优势,对胆总管结石的大小、数量无限制,且保护了Oddi括约肌功能,对于多数老年患者应作为首选,但临床工作中仍需坚持个体化原则,根据老年患者的病情及技术条件灵活选择手术方式。     

小切口胆道镜下保胆取石的临床探索

目的探索小切口保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石的临床可行性及其价值。方法 25例单纯性胆囊结石患者,术前B超或CT证实为非泥沙型胆囊结石,胆囊壁厚小于0.5cm且高脂餐后胆囊收缩大于30%,无肝内外胆管结石,胆囊功能良好,患者愿意承担术后可能胆囊结石复发的风险。经术前B超胆囊底体表定位后,在连续硬膜外麻醉下行肋缘下2～4cm小切口,切开胆囊底部1cm,在胆道镜直视下取尽结石,再用可吸收线全层连续缝合胆囊底部切口并浆肌层包埋,保留有功能胆囊。结果手术时间平均42（35～65）min,术中出血极少。无中转胆囊切除。1例出现胆囊区少量积液,经保守治疗治愈,未出现胆漏、出血、伤口液化感染等并发症,无死亡病例。均获随访,平均22（15～40）月,未出现复发病例。结论保胆取石治疗胆囊结石创伤性小、安全性高、术后恢复快,并且可保留有功能胆囊,是安全、可行的。     

胆囊切开取石术治疗胆囊结石的价值

目的　探讨胆囊切开取石术对胆囊结石症的远期疗效及适应证。 方法　对５０ 例轻症单纯性胆囊结石病人,经口服胆囊造影确定胆囊具有一定收缩功能后接受该手术。手术于右上腹行小切口,取出胆囊结石。胆道镜检查确认没有残留结石。在胆囊粘膜下层作不穿越粘膜层的Ⅰ期缝合,不置胆囊造瘘管。术后早期使用利胆剂,早期进食。 结果　５０ 例病人均痊愈出院,术后平均住院３５ 天。随访５ 年,４２ 例（４２／５０ ,８４ ％ ） 治愈,３０ 例（３０／５０ ,６０ ％ ） 胆囊收缩功能良好。共有８ 例复发胆囊结石,葫芦状胆囊、化脓性胆囊炎、萎缩性胆囊炎和胆囊管过长各１ 例,９ 例胆囊胆固醇沉积症复发４ 例。８ 例胆囊收缩功能３０ ％ ～５０ ％ 者５ 例复发结石。 结论　胆囊切开取石术适于轻症胆囊结石、胆囊无畸形和胆囊收缩功能良好者,效果较好,但必须严格掌握适应证,并注意恰当操作。     

Sudden death after an operation for gall stones

During 10 years 3000 patients were operated upon for chronic calculous cholecystitis. Twenty of these patients died during 30 days after operation, in 16 of them death resulted from incompetence of the vital organs. Endotoxicosis and polyorganic insufficiency after technically correct operations for chronic calculous cholecystitis are thought by the authors to be a variant of anaerobic infection with possible development of sepsis.     

腹腔镜治疗胆囊颈部结石临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆囊颈部结石的处理方法。方法 2002年10月至2008年10月间,我们对286例胆囊颈部结石分别采用腹腔镜胆囊顺行切除、逆行切除和顺逆结合切除术治疗。结果手术均获成功,术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症出现。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中对不同情况的胆囊颈部结石采用不同的处理方法,可以有效避免术中胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

Removal of common bile duct stones after emergency drainage of the gall bladder

Because of the hazards associated with cholecystectomy and choledochotomy in acute biliary tract disease, cholecystostomy may be performed as an emergency procedure. Postoperative tube cholangiography in such patients may show calculi in the biliary ducts. The percutaneous extraction of these calculi prior to cholecystectomy simplifies the elective surgical procedure.     

The appraisal of biliary drainage for intrahepatic gall stones, with special reference to an end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy

Between 1961 and 1983, eighty-six patients with intrahepatic gall stones were identified from a group of 1,140 patients admitted for cholelithiasis. Surgical procedures performed in this series were 37 choledochotomies with external biliary drainages, 33 transduodenal papilloplasties, 37 bilioenteric anastomosis and 15 hepatectomies. In the long term follow up studies after surgical treatment by each procedures, the favorite results were obtained in 41.2% of cases with choledochotomies with external drainages, in 34.4% of cases with transduodenal papilloplasties, in 82.4% of cases with bilioenteric anastomosis and in 88.7% of cases with hepatectomies. Hepatectomy seemed to be a most effective treatment for the prevention of recurrence of stones. However, if the calculi were in the right or both of hepatic lobes, hepatectomy might be a high risk operation and technical proficiency were required in operation. In such cases, we performed an end to side anastomosis between the common hepatic duct and the jejunum (Roux en Y anastomosis) for the postoperative endoscopic lithotomy. In this operation the jejunal stump was made to be an enterocutaneous fistula for the later percutaneous endoscopic lithotomy. This operation has the following advantages; 1) the time of operation were shortened in the removal of stones because of this operation were performed for the postoperative endoscopic lithotomy, 2) retrograde cholangitis was less likely to develop than other operations, 3) retained stones dropped into bowel easily by making a big anastomotic stoma, 4) the cholangioscope could be inserted into either bile ducts of the right and left hepatic lobes, 5) the fistula would be able to be reused for the endoscopic treatment at later recurrence of intrahepatic gall stones.     

A tale of three spilled gall stones: one liver mass and two abscesses

Spilled gall stone has been one of the most common complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Spillage occurs in up to 40% of cases; complications related to spillage are rare and can present within weeks to years. We report 3 cases referred to a tertiary centre for management of such complications. The first patient presented with clinical and radiological findings of cyst 1 week after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She was initially thought to have a hydatid cyst. At laparotomy it turned out to be a liver abscess with stones at the centre of the cavity. The second patient presented with recurrent episodes of fever and on investigation was found to have a sub-hepatic abscess. The third patient had similar clinical symptoms to the second patient but presented 7 years after surgery. We recommend that every attempt should be made to avoid gall-bladder perforation during dissection; if this happens every effort should be made to remove the spilled stones.