Spontaneous closure of macular holes developed after pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To report a small, retrospective, noncomparative case series (3 patients) of idiopathic macular holes with spontaneous closure in previously vitrectomized eyes. METHODS: The first patient developed a macular hole 14 months after vitrectomy for penetrating ocular trauma. In the rest of the patients, the macular holes were documented ten days and two months after vitrectomies for retinal detachment. RESULTS: In all cases the macular holes resolved spontaneously 2 years, 6 and 9 months after their documentation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations placed by the small sample of studied patients, it seems that spontaneous closure of macular holes developed after vitrectomy can happen as part of their natural course. Both pathogenetic and repair factors involved in macular hole can act spontaneously in a vitrectomized eye.     

特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障的超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析 4 5例 4 5眼特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障患者采用白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术 :2 5例 2 5眼行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化术 ,2 0例 2 0眼行透明角膜切口超声乳化术 ,观察术中、术后并发症及患眼视力、黄斑变化情况。结果　术后 3月 ,所有患眼视力均有不同程度的提高 ,最佳矫正视力 0 .0 1～ 0 .1者 6眼 ,0 .2～ 0 .3者 18眼 ,0 .4～ 1.0者 2 1眼 ,术后早期并发症为角膜水肿 3眼 ,黄斑区视网膜水肿 3眼 ,术后远期并发症为后发性白内障 11眼 ,需Nd :YAG激光治疗 ,黄斑裂孔重新裂开 2眼。结论　对于特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障 ,超声乳化人工晶状体植入术操作安全、临床效果好、术后并发症轻微 ,是目前最为理想的治疗方法     

特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切除术后白内障超声乳化术

目的：评价特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析对32例(32眼)特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障患者采用白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术：21例(21眼)行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化术，11例(11眼)行透明角膜切口超声乳化术，观察术中、术后并发症及患眼视力、黄斑变化情况。结果：术后三月，所有患眼视力均有不同程度的提高，最佳矫正视力0．01～0．1共4眼，0．1～0．3共11眼，0．3～1．0共17眼，术后早期并发症为角膜水肿2眼，术后远期并发症为后发性白内障6眼，需Nd：YAG激光治疗，黄斑裂孔重新裂开1眼。结论：对于特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障，超声乳化人工晶体植入术操作安全、临床效果好、术后并发症轻微，是目前最为理想的治疗方法。     

特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后白内障超声乳化人工品状体植入术

目的 评价特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障的超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析45例45眼特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障患者采用白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术：25例25眼行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化术，20例20眼行透明角膜切口超声乳化术，观察术中、术后并发症及患眼视力、黄斑变化情况。结果 术后3月，所有患眼视力均有不同程度的提高，最佳矫正视力0．01～0．1者6眼，0．2～0．3者18眼，0．4～1．0者21眼，术后早期并发症为角膜水肿3眼，黄斑区视网膜水肿3眼，术后远期并发症为后发性白内障11眼，需Nd：YAG激光治疗，黄斑裂孔重新裂开2眼。结论 对于特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障，超声乳化人工晶状体植入术操作安全、临床效果好、术后并发症轻微，是目前最为理想的治疗方法。     

Retrospective study of macular holes treated with pars plana vitrectomy

BACKGROUND: Tangential vitreo-foveal traction resulting in full-thickness macular hole is an important cause of visual loss. PURPOSE: To determine, correlate and evaluate the factors that affect the anatomical and visual outcome of macular hole surgery. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of all cases of macular hole surgery undertaken by a single surgeon (RDB) between 1995 and 1998. RESULTS: One hundred eyes were analysed with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. One operation anatomical success rate was 95%. Anatomically successful eyes had visual acuity improvement of one or more lines in 73.4% and two or more lines in 66.3%. Failure to remove diaphanous contractile 'epiretinal' membranes (presumably the internal limiting membrane) around the macular hole was significantly associated with anatomical failure (P < 0.001). Improvement of two or more lines of visual acuity was significantly associated with successful anatomical closure of the macular hole (P = 0.001). The success rate was highest in the more recent cases, suggesting a learning curve effect. Postoperatively, cataract developed or progressed in 96% of phakic eyes. Retinal detachment occurred in 6%, with all eyes having the retina reattached following subsequent surgery. Gross retinal pigment epithelial changes at the macula region developed in 3%. CONCLUSION: Meticulous rapid dissection of adherent, diaphanous 'epiretinal' membrane around the macular hole, combined with gas tamponade and postoperative posturing, result in successful anatomical closure with improved visual acuity.     

Surgical and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, or both in treating diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema (ME). METHODS: Patients with diffuse ME of <6 months who had no evidence of macular traction or macular ischemia were included in the study. Patients previously diagnosed with glaucoma underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling. All other patients were randomly assigned to vitrectomy or vitrectomy with ILM peeling followed by IVTA injection. RESULTS: Forty-two eyes of 38 patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 12 months. A statistically significant reduction in macular thickness was found at 1 month to 6 months, disappearing at 12 months. No differences in visual acuity between treatment groups were found during follow-up. Visual acuity improved in 5 (12%) of 42 eyes, remained unchanged in 32 (76%) of 42 eyes, and worsened in 5 (12%) of 42 eyes. Complications included increase in intraocular pressure in 8 (26%) of 31 eyes, mild vitreous hemorrhage in 6 (14%) of 42 eyes, central retinal pigment epithelium changes in 5 (12%) of 42 eyes, and cataract progression in 11 (38%) of 29 phakic eyes. CONCLUSION: In diffuse diabetic ME with no retinal traction, vitrectomy with either ILM peeling or IVTA injection at the end of surgery produces a short-term improvement in retinal thickness but no long-term anatomical or functional improvements.     

特发性黄斑裂孔与外伤性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割手术治疗预后差异比较

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔的预后差异及其影响因素.方法 对特发性黄斑裂孔72例72只眼,外伤性黄斑裂孔55例55只眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析.所有患眼均接受相同方式的玻璃体切割手术治疗.观察两组患者手术后视力改变和黄斑裂孔闭合形式;对比分析黄斑裂孔直径、手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1、病程＜4个月和≥4个月与手术后视力改变和黄斑裂孔闭合形式之间的相关性.结果 特发性黄斑裂孔72只眼中,闭合72只眼,占100.0%;外伤性黄斑裂孔 55只眼中,闭合47只眼,占85.5%;黄斑裂孔贴附8只眼,占14.5%.特发性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合高于外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.177,P=0.001).特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔手术后视力与手术前视力比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.841,-4.093;P值均=0.000).特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔手术后视力提高者组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.651,P=0.07).特发性黄斑裂孔手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1的患眼手术后视力提高者之间比较,差异有统计学意义(x=12.04,P=0.001).外伤性黄斑裂孔手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1的患眼手术后视力提高者之间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.371,P=0.486).特发性黄斑裂孔手术后视力提高者手术前黄斑裂孔直径小于手术后视力不提高者,差异有统计学意义(t=2.476,P=0.016).外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合者手术前黄斑裂孔直径小于裂孔贴附者手术前黄斑裂孔直径,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.042,P＜0.001).外伤性黄斑裂孔病程＜4个月和≥4个月的患眼,手术后视力改变之间(χ2=0.704)、黄斑裂孔闭合形式之间(χ2=0.166)比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.401,0.684).结论 特发性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合率优于外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合率.黄斑裂孔直径和手术前视力是影响特发性黄斑裂孔视力预后的主要因素;而手术前视力和病程对外伤性黄斑裂孔的视力预后无显著影响.     

Surgical outcomes of epiretinal membrane removal after successful pars plana vitrectomy for retinal diseases

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual outcomes after a removal of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: The medical charts of 51 consecutive patients who underwent PPV to remove an ERM were reviewed in an institutional setting. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated to determine if it was a possible predictor of the postoperative BCVA. The visual outcomes in the RRD, PVR, and PDR groups were compared. Follow-up periods ranged from 13 to 90 months (mean, 40.9 months). RESULTS: After the ERM was removed, the postoperative BCVA improved significantly by 0.471 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units for all groups (t = 8.99; P < 0.001). The postoperative BCVA improved by two or more lines in 43 eyes (84.3%). Patient age and the preoperative BCVA significantly correlated with the visual improvement (P = 0.0082 and P = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION: The BCVA improves after removal of an ERM following PPV for eyes with RRD, PVR, or PDR. Patient age and preoperative BCVA correlated with the visual improvement after the ERM removal.     

Cystoid macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy for retained lens fragments

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence and clinical course in patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retained lens fragments. SETTING: Retina group, private practice. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 91 patients who had PPV for retained lens fragments. The patients were followed for at least 6 months. Patients with concomitant eye diseases that adversely affected macular examination or macular function were excluded. RESULTS: Four (8%) of 50 eyes with a sulcus-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implanted at cataract extraction and 19 (46%) of 41 eyes with aphakia or an anterior chamber IOL developed CME (P相似文献   

玻璃体手术后白内障摘出术的技巧

目的　分析进行过玻璃体手术的患者行现代白内障囊外摘出术 (ex-tracapsular cataractextraction,ECCE)的特殊性及手术技巧。方法　 2 0例玻璃体切割术后患者再次入院行 ECCE,术中用前房维持器 (anterior cham berm aintainer,ACM)维持前房深度后进行手术。结果　全部患者术后眼压正常 ,未见视网膜脱离复发及脉络膜脱离 ,术后视力均有所提高。结论　这类患者无玻璃体填充 ,一旦切开前房即会出现眼内房水流出 ,眼压过低而造成眼球壁塌陷 ,使得白内障手术操作困难 ,我院采用 ACM持续灌注及自闭式切口维持眼球内压力 ,取得较好临床效果。     

Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy

In three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy the important diagnostic findings included increased orbital pain, decreased visual acuity, and the presence of a hypopyon. Despite agressive antibiotic therapy, all three eyes became blind, and two progressed rapidly to phthisis.     

特发性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后早期视力恢复的相关因素分析

目的 分析特发性黄斑裂孔(idiopathic macular hole,IMH)早期术后视力恢复的相关因素.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.对天津眼科医院在2009年1月至2010年12月就诊54例54只眼行玻璃体切割联合内界膜(inter limiting membrane,ILM)剥离术的IMH患者.术后3月最佳矫正视力(Best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)提高并大于0.3 LogMar为A组,BCVA不提高或提高但小于等于0.3 LogMar为B组.Logistic回归分析裂孔OCT (optical coherence tomography)参数、裂孔分期、ICG染色剥离ILM等对视力的影响.结果34只眼行ICG染色;54只眼术后裂孔均达到解剖闭合;视力提高组35只眼,占64.8％;视力不提高组19只眼,占35.2％.裂孔最小直径(minimum diameter,MD)、裂孔牵拉指数(tractional hole index,THI)、术后IS/OS连续性中断最大直径(maximum diameter ofdisruption of inner/outer segments of photoreceptors,IS/OS D2)、脱离感光细胞活性级别(the gradingof viability of detached photoreceptors,V)、ICG染色及裂孔分期差异有统计学意义(t=3.96、-5.04、6.10,P=0.000、0.000、0.000; x2=16.89、12.38,P=0.000、0.000).Logistic回复分析示裂孔牵拉指数、术后IS/OS连续性中断最大直径、脱离感光细胞层活性级别、未行ICG染色为IMH早期术后视力的独立危险因素(OR=114.78、26.88、24.19、81.75;P=0.046、0.011、0.030、0.034).结论 上述因素可为临床工作中评估IMH术后视力恢复提供一定参考依据.     

Visual outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membranes associated with pars planitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy and membrane stripping for visually significant macular epiretinal membranes associated with chronic idiopathic pars planitis. DESIGN: Consecutive noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for pars planitis from 1988 through 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Seven eyes of five patients who were diagnosed with visually significant epiretinal membranes associated with pars planitis and who underwent vitrectomy and membrane stripping were analyzed. Patients were diagnosed with pars planitis based on characteristic clinical signs and pertinent negative laboratory test results. INTERVENTION: Pars plana vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane stripping. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and inflammatory grade were compared between the last preoperative visit and the most recent follow-up visit. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 31 years (range, 6 to 45 years). The mean duration of uveitis was 6.4 years (range, 6 months to 13 years). All patients were treated with combinations of periocular, topical, and oral corticosteroids before surgery. Five eyes had laser retinopexy, and two eyes had cryopexy to the inferior retina at the time of surgery. Five eyes had at least 3 Snellen lines of visual acuity improvement, and visual acuity in one eye worsened by 2 lines. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/73 (range, 20/50 to 20/300), and mean final visual acuity was 20/37 (range, 20/25 to 20/70). Five eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40. Vitritis improved in all cases. Mean follow-up was 23 months (range, 3 to 54 months). Six of seven eyes had progressive cataract development, four of which underwent cataract extraction. No other intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of epiretinal membranes associated with pars planitis can be safely performed and may result in improved visual acuity. Patients often require subsequent cataract extraction to obtain the best long-term final acuity.     

玻璃体切割术治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿疗效的循证评价

糖尿病黄斑水肿是引起糖尿病患者视力损害的常见原因之一.目前关于玻璃体切割术治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿的文献中,有些病例存在黄斑部玻璃体不全后脱离或黄斑前膜等牵拉性因素,有些则不存在明显牵拉,且各篇报道的疗效不一.本文通过对近年来关于玻璃体切割术治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的相关论著进行归类和分析,以探讨并提高对此病的手术适应证及疗效的认识.     

玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的原因、特点、治疗方法。方法 回顾分析我科近年发生的１６例玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的特征及治疗过程。结果 发生率为６％,其中增生性糖尿病视网膜病变４例,非糖尿病性玻璃体混浊１２例,７５％于术后１周内出现视网膜脱离,６９％由医源性裂孔引起。二次手术治疗包括玻璃体切割、经巩膜视网膜冷冻、巩膜扣带、长效气体及硅油充填术。最终８１％视网膜复位、视力提高。结论 玻璃体切割术中应从各个环节防止视网膜的损伤,术后视网膜脱离经二次手术多数可以复位。     

Combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole treatment

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of simultaneous phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with macular hole. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 38 eyes (36 patients) after combined phacoemulsification, insertion of a posterior capsule IOL and pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: The macular hole was successfully closed in 32 of the 38 eyes (84%). In six eyes (16%) the hole failed to close and one eye underwent a second operation. Vision improved by two or more Snellen lines in 29 eyes (73%), there was no change in seven eyes (18%), and visual acuity decreased in two eyes (5%). Intraoperative and postoperative complications included retinal tears in nine eyes (24%), posterior capsule rupture in two eyes (5%), transient postoperative increase of intraocular pressure in eight eyes (21%), and posterior capsule opacification in five eyes (13%). CONCLUSION: Combining phacoemulsification, IOL insertion and pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole repair can reduce the need for cataract surgery in the future, decrease costs, shorten postoperative recovery time and allow for clearer intraoperative visualization, making the procedure safer and more effective.