延边地区特应性皮炎患儿血清特异性IgE的检测及临床意义

[目的]探讨延边地区特应性皮炎患儿的致病因素。[方法]采用免疫印迹技术,对200例特应性皮炎患儿进行血清特异性IgE(sIgE)和总IgE检测。[结果]200例患儿中总IgE阳性率为57%,血清特异性IgE阳性率为55.5%,朝鲜族与汉族总IgE值及特异性IgE检测,无统计学差异。其中只对1种过敏原发生阳性反应的有50例(25%),对2种过敏原呈阳性反应39例(19.5%),对2种以上过敏原呈阳性反应22例(11%)。阳性率较高的特异性过敏原依次为牛奶45(22.5%)、牛肉羊肉39(19.5%)、户尘螨粉尘螨35(17.5%)、鱼虾蟹16(8.0%)。[结论]通过此项检测,可明确检出本地区特异性过敏原,为预防和诊治延边地区小儿特应性皮炎提供可靠的科学依据。     

Immunologically mediated contact urticaria caused by foods in young children with constitutional eczema]

Fifty-two children with atopic dermatitis were investigated with the mixed-food radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) and the skin provocation test 'Skin Application Food Test' (SAFT). The mixed-food RAST is a commercially available test with multiple allergens on one disk. The disk contains 6 common food allergens: cow's milk, egg, peanut, soy, codfish and wheat. The SAFT is a system with which foods are applied to the skin in the state in which they are consumed. This test system is routinely used in our subdivision of Paediatric Dermatology in Sophia Children's Hospital. In some children, atopic dermatitis grew worse after a positive SAFT reaction. In 50% of the 38 children with food allergy a correlation was found between exacerbation/induction of atopic dermatitis and consumption or direct skin contact of foods to which the child was allergic. Due to direct skin contact of foods, atopic dermatitis can grow worse with sudden attacks of pruritus, especially on the hands and in the face. The SAFT imitates the naturally occurring symptoms, is child friendly and easy to perform. The mixed-food RAST can be used as a screening test to identify the children with atopic dermatitis and an atopic immune response to foods, so possibly food allergy. Further investigations of the sensitivity of the target organ (in atopic dermatitis: the skin) and the usefulness of the SAFT are then indicated.     

新生儿脐血IgE及TH2类细胞因子与特应性皮炎关系研究

目的探讨特应性皮炎和脐血IgE、TH2类细胞因子以及其它因素的关系。方法应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对135份新生儿脐血IgE、IL-4和IL-13进行检测,同时问卷调查家族过敏史和妊娠及出生时相关情况,对新生儿进行2年随访,观察特应性皮炎的发生情况,分析比较特应性皮炎患儿和正常婴儿脐血IgEI、L-4和IL-13的水平,Logistic回归分析特应性皮炎的危险因素。结果 1.特应性皮炎患儿组脐血IgE、IL-4、IL-13的水平较正常小儿组高,差异有统计学意义;特应性皮炎患儿脐血IL-4及IL-13均与脐血IgE呈显著正相关。2.Logistic回归分析显示家族过敏史和脐血IgE是特应性皮炎的独立危险因素。结论特应性皮炎患儿的脐血IgE和TH2类细胞因子升高,脐血IgE在特应性皮炎的发病机制中发挥一定作用。     

支气管哮喘患儿血清IL-17、ECP及IgE的水平测定及临床意义

目的 探讨支气管哮喘患儿血清白介素17(IL-17)、嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)及免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平与哮喘发生、发展的关系及相关性研究。方法 对82例轻中度哮喘患儿血清IL-17、ECP及IgE水平检测,并与健康对照组的20例儿童进行比较分析。结果 与对照组比较,哮喘组血清IL-17、ECP及IgE水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(t=70.594、19.202 、44.824,P均<0.01);与缓解组比较,急性发作组血清ECP、IgE水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),IL-17水平升高,但差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);哮喘组血清ECP与IgE呈正相关(r=0.337,P<0.01),IL-17与ECP、IgE之间无明显相关,但在急性发作组,IL-17与ECP、IgE呈正相关(r=0.314和0.325,P均<0.05)。结论 IL-17是一个复杂的细胞因子,参与介导哮喘的嗜酸粒细胞性炎症,ECP及IgE水平对哮喘病情判断及治疗具有重要临床意义。     

Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and dietary intake of Korean infants and young children with atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has become a serious epidemic in Korean children. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin C, E and other nutrients, and serum total IgE/specific IgE levels in children with AD. A total of 119 children (0-24 mo) diagnosed with AD were recruited for this cross-sectional study from a medical center in Seoul. A 24 h recall was used to assess dietary intakes. Serum total and six food-allergen specific IgE levels were measured by CAP-FEIA. Serum vitamin E was also measured but only in 25 out of the total 119 participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the coefficients between serum IgE levels and dietary intake as well as serum vitamin E. Serum vitamin E levels showed a significantly inverse association with serum total IgE and all specific IgE levels (P < 0.05). Fat intake was inversely related with specific-IgEs for egg whites, milk, buck wheat, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Positive associations were found between carbohydrate (CHO) intake and total IgE and specific IgEs to egg whites, milk, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Vitamin C, E and n-3/n-6 fatty acids were not related with serum total IgE and specific IgE levels except for the association between buck wheat and vitamin E. In addition, there were no significant differences between males and females in dietary intake and serum IgE levels by student''s t-test. Although dietary vitamin E showed no association with serum IgE levels, serum vitamin E drew a significant inverse relationship with serum IgE levels. The evidence seems to suggest that vitamin E may possibly lower total and specific-IgEs in children with AD, and that it is important to maintain a relatively high serum vitamin E level in children with AD.     

Gamma-linolenic acid supplementation for prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis--a randomized controlled trial in infants at high familial risk

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that low concentrations of n-6 long-chain polyenes in early life are correlated to atopic disease in later life. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible preventive effect of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) supplementation on the development of atopic dermatitis in infants at risk. DESIGN: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, formula-fed infants (n = 118) with a maternal history of atopic disease received borage oil supplement (containing 100 mg GLA) or sunflower oil supplement as a placebo daily for the first 6 mo of life. Main outcome measures were the incidence of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life (by UK Working Party criteria), the severity of atopic dermatitis (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; SCORAD), and the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration at the age of 1 y. RESULTS: The intention-to-treat analysis showed a favorable trend for severity of atopic dermatitis associated with GLA supplementation ( x+/- SD SCORAD: 6.32 +/- 5.32) in the GLA-supplemented group as compared with 8.28 +/- 6.54 in the placebo group (P = 0.09; P = 0.06 after adjustment for total serum IgE at baseline, age 1 wk), but no significant effects on the other atopic outcomes. The increase in GLA concentrations in plasma phospholipids between baseline and 3 mo was negatively associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis at 1 y (Spearman's correlation coefficient = -0.233, P = 0.013). There was no significant effect on total serum IgE concentration. CONCLUSION: Early supplementation with GLA in children at high familial risk does not prevent the expression of atopy as reflected by total serum IgE, but it tends to alleviate the severity of atopic dermatitis in later infancy in these children.     

Estimating the prevalence of aero-allergy and/or food allergy in infants,children and young people with moderate-to-severe atopic eczema/dermatitis in primary care: multi-centre,cross-sectional study

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the primary care-based prevalence of moderate-to-severe atopic eczema/dermatitis in children and to estimate what proportion had co-morbid aero-allergy and/or food allergy that was contributing to their atopic eczema/dermatitis.DesignMulti-centre, cross-sectional study.ParticipantsInfants, children and young people aged between 0–17 years.SettingPrimary Care.MethodsGeneral practice electronic health records were interrogated to identify children (0–17 years) with current moderate-to-severe atopic eczema/dermatitis. Eligible children were assessed by an allergy specialist nurse, this involving a detailed allergy history, examination and, if appropriate, measurement of total IgE and specific IgE to relevant aero-allergens and/or food allergens.ResultsWe recruited eight practices, which together enrolled 16,877 children. Of these, 4331 (25.7%; 95% CI 25.0, 26.3) children had a recorded diagnosis of atopic eczema/dermatitis and 1316 (7.8%; 95% CI 7.4, 8.2) had treatment indicative of current moderate-to-severe atopic eczema/dermatitis. We recruited 159 children for clinical assessment, and complete data were available for 157. The clinical assessment revealed that 130/157 (82.8%) had no indication of IgE-mediated allergy contributing to their atopic eczema/dermatitis; the remaining 27/157 (17.2%; 95% CI 12.1, 23.9) were on clinical assessment considered to possibly have underlying IgE-mediated disease. Specific IgE tests were positive in 14/27 (51.9%; 95% CI 34.0, 69.3) children. Of the 14 children who tested positive, six (42.9%; 95% CI 21.4, 67.4) were positive to food allergens and six (42.9%; 95% CI 21.4, 67.4) to aero-allergens; the remaining two (14.3%; 95% CI 4.0, 40.0) were positive to both food and aero-allergens.ConclusionsAlthough atopic eczema/dermatitis is a very common diagnosis in children in primary care, most appear to be relatively mild and/or transient. Only a small proportion of children had evidence of ongoing underlying IgE-mediated atopic eczema/dermatitis.     

IgE介导食物过敏和婴幼儿特应性皮炎的相关性研究

目的 探讨婴幼儿IgE介导的食物过敏和特应性皮炎(AD)的相关性.方法 选取2014年1月至2016年12月在济宁市第一人民医院皮肤科和儿科变态反应门诊确诊为AD的婴幼儿80例,年龄3个月至3岁.详细询问病史并填写食物过敏调查问卷,再行血清食物特异性IgE(sIgE)检测.除极高水平sIgE外,sIgE阳性患儿需要口服食物激发试验(OFCs),采用二元Logistic回归分析食物sIgE阳性分级对诊断食物过敏的影响.结果 26(32.50%)例AD患儿有食物过敏史或可疑食物过敏史.食物sIgE阳性38例,占总数的47.50%.不同程度的AD患儿在一种食物sIgE阳性和两种及以上食物sIgE阳性比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.88,P<0.05).其中极高水平sIgE(6级)5例.结合过敏史、sIgE阳性和OFCs,确诊食物过敏18例(鸡蛋12例、牛奶5例、鱼1例),总阳性率为22.50%.食物sIgE阳性分级越高,IgE介导的食物过敏发生率越高(Waldχ2=13.24,P<0.05,OR=2.81).结论 婴幼儿AD与IgE介导的食物过敏存在密切关联性.个人史和家族过敏史为诊断提供线索,sIgE分级为诊断提供有价值的参考,确诊需要OFCs.牛奶和鸡蛋是婴幼儿最常见的过敏原.     

Epicutaneous test with inhalers in the study of atopic dermatitis

In some 80% of patients with atopic dermatitis, the presence of specific IgE is found when facing food or environmental allergens. It has also been demonstrated in a sub-group of patients with atopic dermatitis that the dermatitis lesions are exacerbated following the ingestion or inhalation of allergens, and that they improve with reduction of exposure to allergens. Although the prick method and the determination of specific IgE in serum are highly sensitive techniques, epicutaneous tests, applying the allergen directly to the skin, might be the ideal diagnostic method since they reproduce the characteristic inflammatory response of the disease on the affected organ itself, the skin. However, there is great variability in the results obtained through epicutaneous tests with aeroallergens, basically due to methodological differences, which are reviewed in this paper. Finally, we present the results of carrying out epicutaneous tests with inhalant allergens on our patients with atopic dermatitis and controls, where some 27% of positive patches were obtained, basically with acari, and in those patients with more severe dermatitis, without there being complete concordance with the prick technique. For this reason, the epicutaneous test appears to be a method of allergological diagnosis that might be useful and complementary to the routine techniques of the prick method and the determination of specific IgE in serum, but it is in need of suitable standardization.     

CDLQI, Scorad and Ness: Are they Correlated?

Background Quality of life (QOL) and clinical severity scores are important parameters in the evaluation of distress experienced by children with atopic dermatitis (AD). The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCOARD) is a widely used clinical score for assessing AD symptomatology over the preceding 3 days and the Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) is another score useful for AD symptoms over the preceding 12 months. Objective We evaluated if these parameters are correlated with QOL in children with AD. Patients/Methods We assessed quality of life, clinical scores, total IgE and eosinophil count in peripheral blood in AD patients at our paediatric dermatology clinic over a 14-month period. Results Eighty AD patients (42 males and 38 females; mean [SD] age 11.7 [3.7] years) were recruited. The median (interquartile range, IQR) IgE, eosinophil counts and eosinophil percentage were 2988 (1069–7847) kIU/L; 0.6 (0.4–0.9) × 10⁻⁹/L; and 9 (6–12)%, respectively. Quality of life as measured with CDLQI (The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index) generally did not correlate well with both the acute and chronic AD severity scores (objective SCORAD and total CDQLI, ρ = 0.17, p > 0.05; total NESS and total CDQLI, ρ = 0.29, p < 0.05). Factor analysis further confirmed that the objective indicators (serum total IgE, eosinophil count and objective SCORAD), self-reported scores (NESS and subjective SCORAD) and CDLQI were separate dimensions in the assessment of AD in children. Conclusion Quality of life, disease severity scores and laboratory atopic markers represent different domains in AD assessment. They do not necessarily correlate well with each other and all three aspects must be individually evaluated to assess the well-being of these patients.     

Nasal vaccination induces the ability to eliminate Candida colonization without influencing the pre-existing antigen-specific IgE Abs: a possibility for the control of Candida-related atopic dermatitis

In some cases of atopic dermatitis (AD), a possible pathological contribution to disease development by Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been suggested. AD patients with severe symptoms showing positive capsulated hydrolic carrier polymer radioallergosorbent test (CAP-RAST) against C. albicans demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum IgE Abs than did AD patients with mild symptoms. Based on the clinical facts, we have postulated that elimination of C. albicans by mucosal vaccination may lead to the restoration of severe symptoms in AD patients. For this purpose, we have developed an allergic murine model. Mice which were systemically challenged with C. albicans-associated antigen, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or secreted aspartic proteases 2 (SAP2), together with alum, exhibited hyper IgE Abs. Systemically primed mice were then immunized with MnSOD or SAP2 plus cholera toxin (CT) as mucosal adjuvant through the nasal route. Interestingly, nasally immunized mice showed increased levels of Candida Ag-specific IgA Ab in fecal and nasal washes as well as in saliva samples but unchanged levels in Ag-specific IgE responses. Consistent with the Ab levels, high numbers of Candida Ag-specific IgA Ab-forming cells were induced in mononuclear cells isolated from intestinal lamina propria, nasal passages and salivary glands of nasally vaccinated mice with Ag plus CT. Furthermore, nasal immunization using MnSOD or SAP2 together with CT resulted in the elimination of colonized C. albicans from the intestinal tract. These results also suggest a potential role of mucosal vaccination in the control of C. albicans in patients with allergic diseases, including AD, although more research is needed to establish this therapeutic approach for mucosal vaccination.     

The effect of prenatal perfluorinated chemicals exposures on pediatric atopy

Background

The role of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the immune system and allergic diseases is not well-known. This study examined the effects of pre-natal exposure to PFCs on immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods

In Taiwan Birth Panel cohort study, newborns with cord blood and peri-natal factors (i.e. birth body weight, weeks of gestation, and type of delivery) gathered at birth were evaluated. At the age of 2 years, information on the development of AD, environmental exposures, and serum total IgE were collected. The AD and non-AD children were compared for the concentration of cord blood serum PFCs measured by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/triple–quadrupole mass (UPLC-MS/MS). Correlations among cord blood IgE, serum total IgE at 2 years of age, and cord blood PFC levels were made.

Results

Of 244 children who completed the follow-up and specimen collections, 43 (17.6%) developed AD. Concentrations of cord blood serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were median (range) 1.71 (0.75–17.40), 5.50 (0.11–48.36), 2.30 (0.38–63.87), and 0.035 (0.035–0.420) ng/mL, respectively. PFOA and PFOS levels positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels (per ln-unit: β=0.134 KU/l, p=0.047 for PFOA; β=0.161 KU/l, p=0.017 for PFOS). Analyses stratified by gender revealed that PFOA and PFOS levels positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels only in boys (per ln-unit: β=0.206 KU/l, p=0.025 for PFOA; β=0.175 KU/l, p=0.053 for PFOS). When dividing cord blood serum PFCs into quartiles in the fully adjusted models, AD had no significant association with PFOS.

Conclusions

Pre-natal PFOA and PFOS exposures positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels.     

儿童特应性皮炎的特异性免疫治疗的研究

目的　探讨特异性免疫治疗对儿童特应性皮炎的疗效及方法。方法　 14 8例特应性皮炎患儿分为特异性免疫治疗组和对照组 ,每组均为 74例。所有患儿首先进行变应原皮试 ,治疗组根据皮试阳性的吸入性变应原配制脱敏液 ,按常规脱敏和维持脱敏二个阶段对其进行特异性免疫治疗 ,总疗程 8个月至 18个月。对照组给予抗组胺药和外用药物治疗。结果　特异性免疫治疗总有效率治疗组为 93 2 % ,对照组为 68 9% ;其中痊愈率治疗组为 68 9% ,对照组为 17 6% ;有效率治疗组为 2 4 3 % ,对照组为5 1 3 %。经统计学处理 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　特异性免疫治疗是一种治疗儿童特应性皮炎的有效方法。     

Oral administration of the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes sing.) mushroom inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice

We examined whether the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes, LD) mushrooms suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by repeated application of picryl chloride (PiCl) in NC/Nga mice. Oral administration of LD extract to NC/Nga mice inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions based on lower total skin severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, and secretion of a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a Th2 cytokine (IL-4) was determined by ELISA. IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by treatment with LD extract. On the other hand, IL-4 production was significantly decreased by treatment with LD extract. These results suggest that LD extract exerts anti-allergic actions by suppressing the serum IgE and Th2-type immune responses.     

Experimental studies of food choices and palatability responses in European subjects exposed to the Umami taste

In the Western world, consumers have only recently learned to discriminate the Umami taste, although they have enjoyed its contribution to the palatability of traditional dishes for centuries. The flavor enhancing properties of MSG have been scientifically investigated in European subjects. By adding MSG to such foods as soups, their content in sodium can be decreased without altering palatability, thus favoring a net decrease in sodium intake. Consumers presented with a novel food often have to get accustomed to the new taste before they acquire a preference for the food. A study showed that when such novel foods are added with some appropriate amount of MSG, consumers acquire a preference for them more rapidly. In elderly persons, the addition of MSG to nutritionally valuable foods (soups, vegetables, starches) did induce an increase of intake of MSG-added foods. Total meal size, however, was not affected, since the increased intake of MSG-containing foods was followed by a decreased consumption of foods served later in the meal, such as desserts. The same observations were repeated in hospitalized diabetic patients. Again, the patients ingested more healthy MSG-containing foods and less of other foods, with the same total meal energy intake. These two studies suggested that MSG could be used to stimulate appropriate food choices in certain populations.     

The effects of elimination diet on nutritional status in subjects with atopic dermatitis

A food allergy is an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a given food. In those with food allergies that are thought to cause aggravation of eczema, food avoidance is important. The objective of this study was to research the nutritional status of patients with food allergies. A total of 225 subjects diagnosed with atopic dermatitis underwent a skin prick test as well as measurement of serum immunoglobulin E. Food challenge tests were conducted using seven food items: milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, beef, pork, and chicken. At post-food challenge visits to the test clinic, participants completed a three-day dietary record, which included two week days and one weekend day, in order to evaluate energy intake and diet quality during the challenge. We analyzed nutrient intake based on differential food allergens. Subjects with a food allergy to milk showed lower intake of Ca, Zn, and vitamin B₂, and subjects with a food allergy to egg showed lower intake of vitamin A, B₁, B₂, niacin, and cholesterol. Subjects with a food allergy to wheat and soybean showed lower intake of Ca, P, Fe, K, Zn, vitamin B₂, vitamin B₆, and niacin; and subjects with a food allergy to beef, pork, and chicken showed lower intake of Fe and higher intake of K, vitamin A, B₂. Subjects with atopic dermatitis were lacking in several nutrients, including vitamin A and vitamin C. A greater number of food allergies showed an association with a greater number of nutrient intake deficiencies. Allergen avoidance is the basic treatment for atopic dermatitis. However, when the allergen is food, excessive restriction can lead to nutrition deficiency. Findings of this study suggest the necessity for enhanced nutritional education in order to provide substitute foods for patients with food allergies who practice food restriction.     

FeNO、ECP及IgE联合检测对学龄期支气管哮喘的诊断价值

目的探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)联合检测对学龄期支气管哮喘患儿的诊断价值。方法选择2020年1—9月河南省某医院收治的100例学龄期支气管哮喘患儿为观察组,选择同期在该院进行体检的100名健康儿童作为对照组。比较2组研究对象的FeNO、IgE、ECP水平和最大呼气流量占预计值百分比(PEF%)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)。并绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC),分析FeNO、IgE、ECP联合诊断学龄期支气管哮喘的效能。结果观察组研究对象FeNO、IgE、ECP水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组研究对象PEF%、FEV1%低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FeNO、IgE、ECP水平分别与PEF%、FEV1%呈负相关(P<0.05)。FeNO、IgE、ECP联合诊断学龄期支气管哮喘的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.891,特异度、敏感度分别为0.974、0.785,均高于各指标单一检测的数值。结论FeNO、IgE、ECP水平升高与学龄期支气管哮喘的发生密切相关,与患者肺功能相关指标呈负相关,三者联合检测学龄期支气管哮喘具有较高敏感度和特异度,能够提高检出率,值得临床推广。     

血清脂溶性维生素水平与儿童特应性皮炎严重程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平与儿童特应性皮炎(AD)发病及疾病严重程度之间的关系,为临床有效防治儿童AD提供理论依据。方法 2018年3月—2020年3月选取海南医学院第二附属医院皮肤科确诊的AD患儿64例为AD组和同期健康体检儿童64例为对照组,通过SCORAD评分评估AD患儿疾病严重程度,采用高效液相色谱法检测血清维生素A(VitA)和维生素E(VitE)水平,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血清25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)D₃]水平。结果 AD组血清VitA和25(OH)D₃水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.986、4.312,P＜0.05),AD患儿SCORAD评分为(37.8±15.3)分,轻、中、重度AD患儿血清25(OH)D₃水平差异有统计学意义(F=9.405,P＜0.05),血清25(OH)D₃水平与SCORAD评分呈负相关(r=-0.389,P=0.001),血清VitA和VitE水平与SCORAD评分无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 AD患儿存在VitA、VitD缺乏或不足,血清VitD水平与AD严重程度呈负相关。     

变态反应性皮肤病患者过敏原特异性IgE与总IgE水平分析

目的探讨张家口地区常见3种变态反应性皮肤病患者血清过敏原特异性IgE与总IgE水平分析。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月诊断急/慢性荨麻疹、湿疹性皮炎、过敏性紫癜3种变态反应性皮肤病患者620例,采用免疫印迹法检测患者血清总IgE、变应原特异性IgE抗体水平,以血清总IgE100IU/ml,或者以血清变应原特异性IgE水平0.35kU/L为阳性,统计分析3种变态反应性皮肤病患者血清特异性IgE与总IgE水平变化,分析常见过敏原分布特征,比较3种皮肤病患者过敏原分布差异。结果入选研究变态反应性皮肤病患者620例,其中,急/慢性荨麻疹260例,湿疹皮炎210例,过敏性紫癜150例。378例(378/620,60.97%)患者血清总IgE水平升高,急/慢性荨麻疹169例(44.71%)、湿疹性皮炎137例(36.24%)、过敏性紫癜72例(19.05%)。血清过敏原特异性IgE阳性患者412例,检出率66.45%(412/620),急/慢性荨麻疹过敏源阳性194例(194/260,74.62%),湿疹性皮炎过敏原阳性168例(168/210,80.00%)、过敏性紫癜109例(109/150,72.67%)。血清过敏原特异性IgE高于总IgE阳性率[(412/620,66.45%)比(378/620,60.97%),χ~2=9.822,P0.05]。常见16种过敏原组合单项中,户尘螨、粉尘螨、春花粉、狗/猫毛皮屑、牛奶、虾6种变应原特异性IgE抗体阳性率在3种皮肤病中比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。吸入性过敏原以户尘/粉尘螨、狗/猫毛皮屑阳性率较高,急/慢性荨麻疹、湿疹性皮炎、过敏性紫癜组中阳性率分别为21.43%、14.90%、8.76%;食物性过敏原中,湿疹性皮炎以牛奶阳性率较高,为5.27%,急/慢性荨麻疹以虾/蟹过敏阳性率高,阳性率为10.90%。结论检测变态反应性皮肤病患者血清过敏原特异性IgE与总IgE水平有助于临床合理寻找过敏原,对其进行针对性预防、治疗。     

Allergy and Sensitization during Childhood Associated with Prenatal and Lactational Exposure to Marine Pollutants

Background

Breast-feeding may affect the risk of developing allergy during childhood and may also cause exposure to immunotoxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are of concern as marine pollutants in the Faroe Islands and the Arctic region.

Objectives

The objective was to assess whether sensitization and development of allergic disease is associated with duration of breast-feeding and prenatal or postnatal exposures to PCBs and methylmercury.

Methods

A cohort of 656 singleton births was formed in the Faroe Islands during 1999–2001. Duration of breast-feeding and history of asthma and atopic dermatitis were recorded at clinical examinations at 5 and 7 years of age. PCB and mercury concentrations were determined in blood samples obtained at parturition and at follow-up. Serum from 464 children (71%) at 7 years of age was analyzed for total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and grass-specific IgE.

Results

The total IgE concentration in serum at 7 years of age was positively associated both with the concomitant serum PCB concentration and with the duration of breast-feeding. However, the effect only of the latter was substantially attenuated in a multivariate analysis. A raised grass-specific IgE concentration compatible with sensitization was positively associated with the duration of breast-feeding and inversely associated with prenatal methylmercury exposure. However, a history of asthma or atopic dermatitis was not associated with the duration of breast-feeding, although children with atopic dermatitis had lower prenatal PCB exposures than did nonallergic children.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that developmental exposure to immunotoxicants may both increase and decrease the risk of allergic disease and that associations between breast-feeding and subsequent allergic disease in children may, at least in part, reflect lactational exposure to immunotoxic food contaminants.