PDGF-BB 在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨PDGF-BB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法:收集2015年6月至2017年8月新疆医科大学第一附属医院经病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌80例,采用免疫组化方法检测癌组织及癌旁组织PDGF-BB表达状况,并分析其与临床病理特征关系。结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中PDGF-BB表达明显高于癌旁组织（57.50% vs 13.75%,P<0.05）;PDGF-BB表达与淋巴结转移（P<0.05）和较高的pTNM分期有关（P<0.05）;而与年龄、月经状态、肿瘤直径、PR、ER、HER-2、有无术后复发转移等临床病理特征无关（P>0.05）。结论:PDGF-BB在乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生及进展中起重要作用,其预后价值仍需进一步评价。     

Galectin-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其意义

目的：检测Galectin-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌（IDC）中的表达情况，并探讨其在IDC进展过程中的意义。方法：应用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学方法研究101例乳腺IDC和37例乳腺良性病变中Galectin-3的表达情况。并统计分析其与年龄、肿块最大径、组织学分级、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移间关系。结果：Ga—lectin-3在乳腺IDC和良性病变中的表达强度具有显著差异（P=0．000）。在IDC组，Galectin-3表达与淋巴结转移（rs=0．337，P=0．001）和TNM分期（0=0．269，P=0．007）呈正相关，而与年龄、肿瘤直径以及组织学分级无关。结论：Galectin-3表达水平在乳腺良、恶性病变中明显不同；Galectin-3高表达的乳腺IDC具有更高侵袭性和淋巴结转移能力；对Galectin-3作用机制的深入研究有可能使其成为乳腺IDC患者个体化治疗的新靶点。     

ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究乳腺浸润性导管癌中ASAP3的表达,分析其与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理学特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测139例乳腺浸润性导管癌及配对50例癌旁乳腺组织中ASAP3的表达情况,并分析ASAP3表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理因素及弹性评分的相关性。结果:ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率为59.0%（82/139）,在配对的癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为4.0%（2/50）,ASAP3在乳腺癌中的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P<0.01)。ASAP3表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的淋巴结转移、原发灶组织学分级及TNM分期相关（P<0.05）,与肿瘤大小、患者年龄、月经状态无明显相关性（P>0.05）。ASAP3与乳腺癌原发灶弹性评分相关（P<0.05）。结论:ASAP3是乳腺浸润性导管癌发生及进展的重要分子,且与肿瘤硬度有相关性。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中OGF OGFR的表达研究

目的：探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌中OGF、OGFR的表达意义。方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测18倒正常乳腺、12例乳腺腺痛、8例乳腺异型上皮增生、21例浸润性导管癌组织中OGF、OGFR的表达结果：在正常乳腺组、乳腺腺病组、乳腺异型上皮增生纽、浸润性导管癌组中OGF表达率分别为55．43％、43．48％、34．50%、13．29％，各组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；OCFR表达率分别为68．80％、44．22％、40．00％、25．52%，各组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：乳腺组织中可能存在着OGF—OGFR的相互作用：OGF、OGFR的表达减少，减弱了OGF-OGFR的相互作用，可能促进了乳腺癌的发生、发展。增加OGF、OGFR的表达，促进两者的相互作用，可能对乳腺癌的治疗起着重要作用。     

RhoA和Ezrin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的： 探讨RhoA和Ezrin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义。 方法： 选用2008年1月至12月河北医科大学第四医院收治的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者术后石蜡标本86例。免疫组织化学染色检测肿瘤组织中RhoA和Ezrin的表达情况,分析其临床病理意义及两者的相关性。 结果： 86例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中,RhoA的阳性表达率为60.47%,显著高于乳腺正常导管上皮组织的20%（P<0.05）;Ezrin的强阳性表达率为65.12%,显著高于乳腺正常导管上皮组织（P<005）。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中RhoA的阳性表达和Ezrin的强阳性表达与患者年龄无关（P>0.05）,与腋淋巴结转移、组织学分级和TNM分期有关（均P<005）。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中RhoA的阳性表达和Ezrin的强阳性表达呈正相关（P<001）。 结论： 乳腺浸润性导管癌高表达RhoA和Ezrin,并在导管癌的发生、发展过程中发挥作用。     

Ezrin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨Ezrin在乳腺浸润性导管癌（IDC）和乳腺纤维腺瘤、腺病中的表达情况，并分析Ezrin表达与IDC患者年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、分化、淋巴结转移以及ER、PR、C—erbB-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、E—cadherin等的表达情况之间的相互关系。方法：构建乳腺病变的组织芯片，其中包括IDC101例，乳腺纤维腺瘤29例，腺病8例；采用EnVsion两步法进行Ezrin、ER、PR、c—erbB-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、E—cadherin免疫组化标记；统计分析乳腺癌患者年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、分化、淋巴结转移等情况；分析Ezrin与各临床病理特征以及相应标记间的关系。结果：在91．89％（34／37）乳腺纤维腺瘤和腺病中，Ezrin表达于导管管腔内缘；而在75．25％（76／101）IDC中，却示细胞质内弥漫着色，无一例管腔内缘着色。在IDC组织中，Ezrin表达与肿瘤大小（r=0．277，P=0．005）、TNM分期（r=0．334，P=0．001）、淋巴结转移（r=0．323，P=0．001）、间质细胞内MMP-9（r=0．246，P=0．013）表达呈正相关。而与年龄、分化程度以及癌细胞内ER、PR、C—erbB-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、E—cadherin的表达和间质细胞内MMP-2表达无显著相关性。结论：Ezrin蛋白在乳腺良性病变和癌组织内的定位有明显差异，可有助于良恶性病变的鉴别诊断；Ezrin的表达水平增高提示癌组织具有更高的浸润侵袭能力和淋巴结转移风险。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌细胞粘附分子与雌、孕激素受体表达及意义

目的：探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)和浸润性小叶癌（invasive lobular carcinomaILC)组织中细胞粘附分子和雌、孕激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER:progesterone receptor,PR)表达的意义。E -α-catenin,--catenin,γ-catenin和ER、PR的表达。结果：E-cadherin在IDC和ILC中表达缺失和明显减少的分别占18.7%和30%,α-catenin,β-catenin,γ-catenin在IDC中表达缺失和明显减少的分别为75%,43.8%和明显的正相关性;γ-catenin在乳腺浸润性癌中的表达缺失和明显减少与淋巴结转移病例之间有显著的关系。ER和PR在IDC中表达有明显的正相关性。结论：除E-cadherin外,α-catenin,β-catenin,γ-catenin在乳腺浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌中表达明显缺失和减少。γ-catenin表达缺失和明显减少可作为乳腺浸润性癌伴有淋巴结转移的一个预后指标。ER、PR与E-cadherin,α-catenin,β-catenin,γ-catenin可能是乳腺浸润性癌两类独立的预后指标。     

CXCL12- CXCR4在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：研究乳腺浸润性导管癌中趋化因子 CXCL12及其对应的特异趋化因子受体 CXCR4的表达,分析其与浸润性导管癌临床病理学特征的关系。方法：用免疫组化法研究200例乳腺浸润性导管癌中 CX-CL12、CXCR4的表达情况,并探讨二者单一表达或共表达与临床病理因素的相关性。结果：CXCL12在40%（80/200）浸润性乳腺癌中阳性表达,其与 TNM 分期和肿瘤大小相关（P <0.05）;CXCR4在48%（96/200）浸润性乳腺癌中阳性表达,其表达与浸润性乳腺癌的 TNM 分期相关（P <0.05）。CXCL12与 CXCR4共表达于29%（58/200）的浸润性乳腺癌,二者的共表达与 TNM 分期和淋巴结转移情况相关（ P <0.01）。结论：CX-CL12与 CXCR4共表达很可能是协同乳腺浸润性导管癌进展及淋巴结转移的重要因素,检测 CXCL12与 CX-CR4共表达比检测 CXCL12或 CXCR4单一分子标记更有意义。     

mTOR和4EBPS在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

[目的]探讨mTOR和4EBPS在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义。[方法]采用免疫组化SP法检测45例乳腺癌及癌旁正常组织中mTOR和4EBPS的表达。[结果]mTOR在乳腺癌中的阳性率为75.56%（34/45）,在正常乳腺组织中的阳性率为20.00%（9/45）,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。mTOR表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移明显相关（P〈0.05）。4EBPS在乳腺癌中的阳性率为31.11%（14/45）,在正常乳腺组织中的阳性率为95.56%（43/45）,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。4EBPS表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移无关（P〉0.05）。mTOR与4EBPS表达呈负相关（r=-0.614,P〈0.05）。[结论]mTOR和4EBPS在乳腺癌组织中的异常表达可能与乳腺癌的发生有关,且mTOR的异常表达可能与乳腺癌的转移有关。     

CD147和MMP9在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

[目的]探讨CD147和MMP9在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义。[方法]应用免疫组织化学方法SP法检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌及60例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中CD147和MMP9的表达情况。[结果]CD147及MMP9在60例乳腺纤维腺瘤中均阴性表达,CD147、MMP9在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率分别为91.7%（55/60）和86.7%（52/60）（P均=0.000）。CD147和MMP9的表达均与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的组织学分级及淋巴结转移相关,与年龄、肿瘤大小、家族史及临床分期无关。CD147和MMP9在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达呈显著性相关（r=0.830）。[结论]CD147和MMP9在乳腺浸润性导管癌中高表达,两者在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥着重要作用。     

Expression of CD 133 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Background: CD133 is a commonly used cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in breast cancer. However, the association between CD133 expression, with clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer, is poorly understood in the Indian subcontinent. This study was designed to explore the expression of CD 133 in breast carcinoma and to know its association  between CD133 and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: A total of fifty seven cases were included in the study. All the clinicopathological parameters were collected from Department of Pathology archives. Slides, blocks, clinical information, tumor size and axillary lymph node status were obtained from medical records and the pathology reports. Immunohistochemistry was done using CD 133 antibodies. Both Cytoplasmic and membranous staining was taken a positive. Scoring was done based on percentage of positive cells and intensity of staining. MS Excel, SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Somers NY, USA) was used to analyze data.p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant association between the CD 133 expression and nodal metastasis, tumor stage and Nottingham prognostic index was analysed. There was no statistical correlation between CD 133 expression age, tumor grade and tumor size. The disease free survival showed the mean disease free survival of CD 133 positivity cases was 16months. And the patients who were negative for CD 133 expression had mean survival of 30 months. By the Kaplan Mayer graph it was evident that the more the CD 133 expression the lesser was the disease free survival of the patients. Conclusion: CD 133 expression was seen in 77.08% cases and was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, poor Nottingham prognostic index and  worse disease free survival. An increasing trend of association was seen between CD 133 expression and Age, Tumor Size and Tumor grade.     

p16基因在乳腺浸润性导管癌中甲基化的研究

目的探讨p16基因启动子的甲基化与乳腺浸润性导管癌发生的关系。方法采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应法（MSP）,对42份乳腺浸润性导管癌组织和24份乳腺非癌组织进行p16基因甲基化检测。结果 42例乳腺癌中,18例检测到p16基因甲基化,甲基化率为42.9%;24例乳腺非癌组织中检测到2例（均为乳腺纤维腺瘤）甲基化,甲基化率为8.3%。p16基因启动子的甲基化率乳腺癌组与非癌组比较有显著性差异（χ2=8.619,P〈0.05）。结论 p16基因甲基化对乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床诊断具有一定指导意义。     

Histological Factors Associated with Initial Bone Metastasis of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Bone is one of the most common sites of recurrence of breast cancer. Therefore, it would be clinically very useful if breast cancers with a high probability of bone metastasis (BM) could be identified by histopathological examination of the primary lesions. To elucidate histological characteristics associated with predisposition to initial BM, we examined nine histopathological parameters in the primary lesions of 110 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast with 0 to 3 regional node metastases. These cases had recurrence between 4 months and 10.1 years after the initial radical surgery. The first metastatic site was bone in 24 cases, whereas other sites were involved in 86 cases. IDCs growing in a strand growth pattern or with fibrotic focus (FF) had a significantly higher frequency of initial BM than those growing in a non-strand growth pattern or without FF, respectively. Strand growth pattern was a significant predictor of the initial BM in multivariate analysis. In all 54 IDCs that developed BM during the follow-up period, osteolytic metastasis was significantly more frequent in the group with FF than in that without FF. This study demonstrated that strand growth pattern and the presence of FF are significant histopathological factors associated with initial BM. The combination of those predictive factors along with prognostic factors may provide a useful approach to identify patients at high risk for initial BM, enabling early treatment for the recurrent cancer.     

Prognostic Significance of c-erbB-2 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was studied in relationto the histological type of invasive ductal carcinoma. The expressionof c-erbB-2 was found in 26 (17.6%) of 148 cases, and was asignificant prognostic indicator in patients with lymph nodemetastasis, but not in those without. The patients were dividedinto a scirrhous group and a non-scirrhous group on the basisof histological type. There was no significant difference betweenthe two groups in age, clinical stage, lymph node status, estrogenreceptor status, operation method or c-erbB-2 expression. Theexpression of c-erbB-2 was a significant prognostic indicatorin the scirrhous group, irrespective of lymph node metastasis,but not in the non-scirrhous group. We conclude that the prognosticsignificance of c-erbB-2 expression differs among histologicaltypes of invasive ductal carcinoma, and that c-erbB-2 expressionis a prognostic indicator in patients with scirrhous carcinoma.     

Concurrent Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and Malignant Follicular Lymphoma,Initially Suspected to Be Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report

This report describes a case of a 40-year-old female patient with concurrent invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and malignant follicular lymphoma, initially suspected to be metastatic breast cancer. During the initial evaluation of invasive ductal carcinoma of right breast, multiple lymphadenopathies were noted throughout the body on ultrasonography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography images. Clinically, metastatic breast cancer was suggested, and the patient was administered chemotherapy, including hormonal therapy. The breast cancer improved slightly, but the lymphadenopathies progressed and excisional biopsy of a cervical lymph node revealed malignant follicular lymphoma.     

宝石 CT 能谱成像在乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝转移淋巴结诊断中的初步应用

目的：探讨宝石 CT 能谱成像（gemstone spectral imaging,GSI）在乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝转移淋巴结诊断中的价值。方法：收集绵阳市中心医院2013年2月～2014年12月期间经病理证实并行 GSI 检查的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者32例,所有患者均行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。GSI 扫描时间为动脉后期（33s）,图像后处理采用 ADW4．6工作站及 GSI-view 软件。根据手术病理结果将纳入研究的淋巴结分为转移组（15枚）和非转移组（62枚）。由软件自动生成 KeV-CT 值（电子千伏值-CT 值）曲线,同时记录每枚淋巴结的碘基值和相应层面主动脉碘基值、不同 KeV下淋巴结 CT 值和相应层面主动脉的 CT 值。计算每枚淋巴结40～70KeV 的斜率值（斜率 K ＝（HU40KeV-HU70KeV ）／30）、标化碘基值（淋巴结碘基值／主动脉碘基值）、不同 KeV 下的标化 CT 值（淋巴结 CT 值／主动脉 CT 值）。统计分析运用 spss17．0。结果：在40～70KeV 区间内,转移组淋巴结与非转移组淋巴结的 KeV-CT 值曲线斜率差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。转移组的碘基值、标化碘基值均小于非转移组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。不同KeV 下标化 CT 值的差异均无统计学意义。以曲线斜率3．92作为诊断转移淋巴结的阈值时,灵敏度和特异度分别为77．4％、71．4％;以碘基值19．44作为诊断阈值时,灵敏度和特异度分别为73．3％、72．6％;以标化碘基值0．1677作为诊断阈值时,灵敏度和特异度分别为82．3％、80．0％。结论：CT 能谱成像作为一种新的无创性检查方法,对诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝转移淋巴结有重要价值。     

Clinicopathological Significance of Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Purpose

Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP) 2 is a member of the inducible nuclear MKP group. The role of DUSP4 in cancer development and progression appears to vary with the type of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate DUSP4 expression in a case series of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Methods

We constructed tissue microarrays consisting of 16, 14, 47, and 266 cases of normal breast tissue, usual ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. DUSP4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Cytoplasmic DUSP4 expression was observed. DUSP4 was more frequently expressed in malignant than in benign cases (p=0.024). The mean DUSP4 expression score was significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign lesions (p=0.019). DUSP4 expression was significantly correlated with a larger tumor size (>2 cm, p=0.015). There was no significant correlation between overall survival or disease-free survival and DUSP4 expression in all 266 patients. We evaluated the impact of DUSP4 expression on the survival of 120 patients with T1-stage tumors. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that DUSP4 expression had a significant effect on both overall patient survival (p=0.034, log-rank test) and disease-free survival (p=0.045, log-rank test). In early T-stage breast cancer, DUSP4 expression was associated with a worse prognosis.

Conclusion

DUSP4 is frequently upregulated in breast malignancy, and may play an important role in cancer development and progression. In addition, it may be a marker of adverse prognosis, especially in patients with early T1-stage cancer.