芜湖市某小学学生龋病流行动态分析

目的了解芜湖市小学生龋病流行动态,为进一步开展口腔预防保健工作提供依据。方法2000~2005年每年对安徽师范大学附属小学全校6个年级学生进行口腔龋病检查并记录,分析小学生的乳牙患龋率及龋均、第一恒磨牙患龋率及龋均、龋病发病率及治疗率的变化情况。结果随时间的推移,除了龋病发病率表现先升后降,其他指标均表现上升趋势(P<0.05);按年级不同,第一恒磨牙患龋率及龋均一直呈上升状态,其他指标均表现先升后降(P<0.05)。结论小学生乳牙、第一恒磨牙的龋病流行状况在上升。儿童龋病的治疗率还很低,应加强口腔卫生保健工作。     

Association of environmental cadmium exposure with pediatric dental caries

BACKGROUND: Although animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure results in severe dental caries, limited epidemiologic data are available on this issue. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and dental caries in children 6-12 years of age. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data, including urine cadmium concentrations and counts of decayed or filled tooth surfaces, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression to estimate the association between urine cadmium concentrations and caries experience, adjusting these analyses for potential confounders including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). RESULTS: Urine cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.38 ng/mL. Approximately 56% of children had experienced caries in their deciduous teeth, and almost 30% had been affected by caries in their permanent dentition. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in creatinine-corrected cadmium concentrations (0.21 microg/g creatinine) corresponded to a 16% increase in the odds of having experienced caries in deciduous teeth [prevalence odds ratio (OR)=1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.40]. This association was statistically significant in children with low ETS exposure (prevalence OR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.67). The results from the ZINB regression indicated that, among children with any caries history in their deciduous teeth, an IQR increase in cadmium was associated with 17% increase in the number of decayed or filled surfaces. We observed no association between cadmium and caries experience in permanent teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental cadmium exposure may be associated with increased risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth of children.     

乌鲁木齐市十一所幼儿园乳牙患龋病情况调查

【目的】 了解乌鲁木齐市11所幼儿园学龄前儿童乳牙患龋病情况,掌握儿童口腔保健中的薄弱环节,为进一步降低儿童乳牙龋齿发病率提供依据。 【方法】 对乌鲁木齐市11所幼儿园4 306名学龄儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,并进行数据资料的统计分析。 【结果】 乳牙患龋率平均为45.01%;龋均为1.61,乳磨牙龋均为0.84;乳切牙龋均为0.77,5~6岁为乳牙龋齿高发年龄,并随年龄的增长而逐渐上升。 【结论】 提高自我口腔保健意识,加强托儿所、幼儿园儿童口腔卫生保健健康教育,普及规范的口腔卫生保健知识,健全初级口腔卫生服务体系,提高儿童口腔健康水平,逐步降低儿童龋病的发生。     

西安市二年级小学生龋病现状与其母亲受教育水平关系分析

目的研究西安市小学生龋齿患病情况,分析患龋率与其母亲受教育水平的关系,为制定面向西安市小学生母亲的口腔卫生健康教育提供依据。方法于2019年随机分层整群抽取西安市7个区县14所小学1768名二年级学生进行口腔健康检查,对其母亲进行问卷调查,分析小学生龋病与其母亲受教育水平的关系。数据利用SPSS 23.0软件进行处理,率之间比较使用χ^2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果西安市二年级小学生乳牙患龋率为71.7%,恒牙患龋率为19.6%,总患龋率为73.4%;不同性别、不同地区和是否为独生子女的小学生乳牙和恒牙患龋率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);小学生母亲的受教育水平越高,其口腔健康知行信能力越好,越能促进儿童的口腔健康并降低患龋率。结论西安市小学生患龋情况不容乐观;母亲受教育水平是影响小学生患龋的关键因素,应有针对性的加强小学生母亲的口腔健康教育。     

深圳市罗湖区2007-2012年试点小学学生龋病情况调查

目的调查2007--2012年我区口腔防治试点小学学生龋齿患病情况。方法收集2007--2012年我区试点小学学生口腔检查结果,分析1-6年级在校学生患龋和缺失牙情况。结果2007--2012年间我区小学生乳牙患龋率为40．37％,恒牙患龋率为9．89％,乳牙充填率为15．49％,恒牙充填率为25．68％,乳、恒牙龋均分别为1．52和0.23。结论小学生龋齿患病率高和充填率低仍然是我区口腔疾病防治工作的重点,应进一步加强学校口腔健康教育工作,普及口腔保健知识,使学生和家长认识到口腔保健的重要性。     

学龄前儿童应用氟离子透入法预防龋齿的效果观察

目的 分析学龄前儿童开展氟离子透入法预防龋齿的临床效果。方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,将28所托幼机构的3~4岁儿童随机分为两组,试验组的儿童在进行口腔健康指导的同时采用南京医科大学生产的NF-Ⅱ型护齿仪进行氟离子透入防龋,一年两次;对照组儿童常规口腔健康指导,两年后观察两组儿童的患龋率、龋均和新龋发生率。结果 两年后试验组和对照组的患龋率分别为67.9%、74.3%;龋均分别为3.5±3.9、4.9±3.7 ;新龋发生率分别为17.3%、23.4%,患龋率、龋均、新龋发生率之间的差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。结论 每半年专业应用一次氟离子透入可以有效预防儿童乳牙龋的发生。     

中山市8个镇区学龄前儿童口腔保健合作项目实施探讨

目的:通过学龄前儿童口腔保健项目实施,评估建立乡镇学龄前儿童三级牙病预防保健网的可行性。方法:对中山市8个镇区19间幼儿园5 953名4～6岁儿童随机分为A、B两组,A为空白对照组,B为实验组,对实验组采用宣教、预防、治疗等综合措施,3年后对乳牙患龋率、充填率、龋均及六龄齿的患龋率进行对比分析。结果:项目实施3年后经统计分析,B组儿童乳牙患龋率低于A组(χ2=210.6,P<0.01),B组龋均低于A组(t=2.45,P<0.01),B组充填率高于A组(χ2=276.2,P<0.01),两组儿童六龄齿的患龋率比较无统计学差异(χ2=0.43,P=0.511)。结论:以妇幼保健为依托,开展乡镇学龄前儿童口腔保健项目是有效可行的,同时填补了乡镇儿童口腔保健的空白,使城乡儿童口腔健康状况得到整体提高。     

成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的:了解成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病的患病情况。方法:采用第2次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准,调查成都市一类幼儿园在园儿童11 418人龋齿患病情况。结果:成都市一类幼儿园儿童患龋率48.87%,龋均为1.822,dm ft为20 804。结论:成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙患龋率较国内其他地区低,加强对教师和家长的儿童口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传并对儿童龋病进行早期预防保健治疗有着重要意义。     

绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年龋病与牙颌面畸形的相关性研究

目的 调查绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年龋病发生情况,分析龋病对牙颌面畸形的影响。方法 采用分层整群抽样法选择绵阳市12所中小学的6~18岁儿童、青少年,检查其龋病及牙颌面畸形的发生情况,分析其龋病与牙颌面畸形的相关性。结果 共调查绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年3 005人,男1 589人,女1 416人,平均年龄（12.06±5.99）岁。龋病患病率为51.31%（1 542/3 005）。不同年龄组的患龋率、龋均、乳牙龋失补牙面数/恒牙龋失补牙面数（dmft/DMFT）差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,其中6~9岁、10~12岁患龋率、龋均、dmft/DMFT和龋病活跃性（CAT）均较高。共检出1 382例牙颌面畸形,Logistic回归分析结果显示不良口腔习惯（OR=2.151）、龋病（OR=1.690）、dmft/DMFT越多（OR=2.061）,儿童、青少年发生牙颌面畸形的风险越大。结论 6~12岁是绵阳市儿童、青少年龋病高发年龄,龋病、因龋失牙是导致6~18岁儿童、青少年牙颌面畸形的危险因素。     

江苏省托幼机构小班儿童龋病调查分析

目的了解江苏省托幼机构小班儿童乳牙龋齿的患病情况及影响因素,研究儿童龋齿的预防方法。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对江苏省13个地区共25 862例托幼机构小班儿童的乳牙患龋情况进行调查。结果江苏省托幼机构小班儿童总的患龋率达41.89%,上颌各牙位患龋率从高到低依次为:乳中切牙乳侧切牙第二乳磨牙第一乳磨牙尖牙;下颌患龋率从高到低依次为:第二乳磨牙第一乳磨牙下颌前牙。不同性别的儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);城市、农村儿童患龋率差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01);患龋率不同年龄段间有差异有高度统计学意义(P0.001)。结论江苏省入托儿童即有较高的乳牙患龋率,加强儿童家庭口腔健康宣教、做好早期口腔保健是降低儿童患龋率之必需。     

1995年与2005年西南地区少数民族学生龋齿患病状况分析

目的了解西南地区少数民族学生龋齿患病状况，掌握其龋病发展特点、规律及趋势，为该地区防龋工作的开展提供参考。方法利用1995年和2005年西南地区少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的龋齿数据，对该地区少数民族学生的龋齿状况进行统计分析。结果2005年苗族学生龋患率相对处于较低水平（男女学生乳龋患率分别为42．33％和37．37％，恒龋患率分别为10．28％和12．88％），羌族学生乳龋患率处于较高水平（男女学生分别为67．53％和68．32％），哈尼族学生恒龋患率处于较高水平（男女学生分别为24．82％和31．97％）。2005年西南地区少数民族学生龋患率均属很低水平。2005年与1995年相比，西南地区少数民族学生龋患率多数出现上升，其中，哈尼族学生出现大幅上升，平均上升幅度变动在19．42％～35．97％之间，苗族和藏族学生乳龋患率出现明显下降。结论10年间西南地区不同少数民族学生龋患率、龋均有不同程度变化，应针对学生龋齿患病的特点采取相应的防治措施，进一步加强该地区少数民族学生口腔健康教育及行为指导。     

广州市黄埔区7所幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的为了解黄埔区幼儿园学龄儿童乳牙龋病情况。掌握儿童口腔保健中的薄弱环节,为进一步降低黄埔区学龄前儿童乳牙龋齿发病率提供依据。方法对黄埔区7所幼儿园3 196名学龄前儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,并进行数据资料的统计分析。结果黄埔区7所幼儿园患龋率平均为15.30%,龋均为0.41,龋齿发病率为低水平;3~6岁儿童龋齿患病率随年龄逐渐上升,5~6岁组为乳牙龋齿高发年龄段。结论学龄前儿童是龋病的高发时期,要提高自我口腔保健意识,加强幼儿园儿童口腔卫生健康教育,教会儿童正确的刷牙方法;采用有效的口腔保健方法,提高学龄前儿童口腔健康水平,逐步降低儿童龋病的发生率。     

平顶山市8岁学龄儿童龋病流行状况

目的 了解平顶山市8岁学龄儿童龋病流行状况。方法 采用分层、整群抽样的方法对平顶山市五县、三区的1 762名8岁学龄儿童(小学二年级学生)进行口腔健康检查。结果 平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋率84.68%,龋均4.79,农村患龋率高于城市,而乳恒牙龋齿充填率低于城市,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城乡儿童患6颗及以上龋齿的概率分别为35.61%和44.20%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);8岁学龄儿童乳恒牙患龋率分别为83.65%、25.77%,乳磨牙患龋与恒磨牙患龋有相关性(r=0.236,OR=11.24)。结论 平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋率较高,且农村高于城市,应加强儿童口腔健康教育和龋病预防控制工作,降低城乡儿童的患龋率。     

Dental caries and periodontal disease among Mexican-American children from five southwestern states, 1982-1983

Analysis of Southwestern HHANES data showed that the prevalence of dental caries among Mexican-American children is similar to that of children of the same age examined during the NIDR survey (1979-1980), despite a lower level of restorative treatment. Approximately 50% of Mexican-American children 17 years of age, however, had five or more teeth that were either decayed or filled. Occlusal surfaces of molars were the most susceptible teeth to decay; few anterior teeth were affected. This distribution of dental caries strongly supports the use of fissure sealants on molar teeth. Children from low-income families had two times more decayed teeth than children from high-income families. Mild gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were more prevalent in the Mexican-American children than in the child population for the region examined during NHANES I in 1971-1974. Children from high-income families had better periodontal health than those from low-income families.     

广州市7~12岁流动儿童口腔健康状况

了解广州市7~12岁流动儿童和户籍儿童口腔健康状况及其影响因素,为制定儿童口腔保健措施提供依据.方法 2016年4月,采取随机整群抽样方式选取广州市流动儿童学校和户籍儿童学校各2所,每所学校一至六年级各1个班,对1 034名儿童进行口腔检查和家长问卷调查.结果 流动儿童乳、恒牙患龋率分别为67.28% (366/544),34.93% (190/544),均高于户籍儿童的25.9% (127/490)和2.4% (12/490)(x2值分别为176.789,172.984,P值均<0.01).口腔健康知识知晓率及儿童口腔保健形成率户籍组均高于流动组(P值均<0.01).儿童不同进食甜食习惯和刷牙习惯组间患龋率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为32.881,22.244,P值均<0.01).结论 广州市流动儿童患龋率较高,儿童与家长的口腔健康知识及保健行为均较差.应加强小学生及家长的口腔卫生健康教育,流动儿童家庭是重点人群.     

2010年大理州中小学生龋齿患病情况分析

目的了解大理州中小学生龋齿患病状况,为防龋工作提供科学指导。方法采用2010年大理州7～17岁中小学生体质健康监测资料,对2 087名中小学生龋齿患病情况进行分析。结果白族和汉族学生乳龋均、龋患率、龋失率、龋补率均随年龄增长而下降;恒龋均、龋患率、龋失率、龋补率随年龄的增长而上升。7～岁,9～岁组儿童乳龋患率达70.00%～76.85%,但12岁儿童乳龋均、恒龋均白族分别是0.33、0.31;汉族分别是0.13、0.37。白族与汉族儿童之间的乳龋患率、乳龋失率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在7、9、12岁组,乳、恒龋补率又低于汉族。男女之间乳、恒、混合龋患率、龋失率、龋补率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。汉族城乡之间混合龋患率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但混合龋失率农村均高于城市,且混合龋补率均是城市高于农村。结论口腔卫生保健工作的重点应放在低年龄人群,乡村及白族聚居地中小学校口腔健康状况有待提高。     

Dental caries in schoolchildren from rural communities in Itaúna (MG), Brazil]

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of dental caries and its association with socioeconomic variables among schoolchildren living in rural communities in Itaúna, state of Minas Gerais, Brasil, in 2002. METHODS: An epidemiological survey was carried out among 476 schoolchildren between 4 and 15 years of age. The children underwent a dental examination that was performed by a single researcher following the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. Socioeconomic data (family income, parents' education and occupation, household source of drinking water, and the child's sex and age) were gathered through an interview with the parents. RESULTS: Over three fourths of the parents earned no more than 360 reais (R$) (approximately US$ 153) a month and reported having 4 years of schooling at most. Considering both the deciduous and permanent dentitions, 17.86% of the children were free of caries. The mean number of permanent teeth that were decayed, missing or filled, and of primary teeth that were filled or decayed and needed extraction, was 0.94 (+/- 1.55) and 4.00 (+/- 3,46), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that among seven- and eight-year-old children whose monthly family income was above R$ 280, the risk of having caries in the primary (deciduous) dentition and in both dentitions was 2.602 (95% CI: 1.004 to 6.745) and 2.854 (95% CI: 1.044 and 7.799) times greater, respectively, than among children from lower-income families. Seven- and eight-year-old children whose mothers had completed at least 3 years of elementary school showed more than twice the risk [2.813 (95%CI: 1.221 to 6.480)] of having caries in the permanent dentition than children whose mothers had less schooling. CONCLUSIONS: In view of these results, particularly those pertaining to the primary dentition, there is an urgent need to implement community dental health strategies targeting young children in Brasil. The results suggest that in underprivileged populations, such as the inhabitants of rural communities in Itaúna, families with somewhat higher incomes and better schooling are more likely to adopt behaviors that lead to dental caries.     

Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents by Rural Residence, United States

CONTEXT: The limited information available on the oral health status of rural children in the United States makes it difficult to devise policy strategies to address perceived problems. PURPOSE: To document the oral health status and dental care utilization of US children by place of residence, METHODS: Data from National Health Interview Surveys for 1995, 1997, and 1998, and from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) were analyzed. FINDINGS: Children residing in rural areas were more likely to be uninsured for dental care than were children from urban areas (41.1% versus 34.7%). A greater percentage of rural than urban children reported unmet dental needs (7.5% versus 5.6%); there was no difference in self-reported poor dental status. Urban children were more likely than rural children to have visited the dentist in the past year (73.6% versus 69.9%) and were also more likely to be regular users of dental care (61.7% versus 51.4%). Differences in percentage of rural and urban children with caries lesions and caries experience were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children residing in rural areas have less access to and utilization of dental care compared to children residing in urban areas. Moreover, poor rural children display less utilization of dental services than poor urban children. Differences in the sum of decayed and filled primary teeth and the sum of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth were not significant.     

柳州市中学生恒牙患龋情况分析

[目的]了解柳州市中学生恒牙龋病患病状况,为开展牙病防治工作提供依据。[方法]按照全国学生体质调研的标准要求,对2004年参加柳州市体质健康检测的中学生进行口腔检查,记录恒龋所在牙位的龋患、龋失、已补状况。[结果]43426名中学生恒牙龋患率为15.91%,龋均为0.29,龋失补构成比分别为66.52%、5.88%、27.60%。[结论]应加强口腔健康教育和健康促进工作,提高青少年口腔健康水平。     

平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解平顶山市8岁学龄儿童龋病流行状况,探讨影响龋病发生发展的危险因素。 方法 参考“第三次全国口腔健康调查”的标准,采用分层整群抽样的方法,对1 762名适龄儿童进行口腔检查和问卷调查。 结果 平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋率84.68%,龋均4.79,城乡结合区域及农村儿童患龋率和龋均明显高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);乳、恒牙患龋率分别为83.65%、25.77%;城乡类型(OR=22.42)、家庭收入(OR=10.21)、睡前是否有吃零食习惯(OR=8.01)、吃完零食是否刷牙(OR=6.00)、进食甜食频率(OR=8.28)、刷牙方法(OR=8.88)、家长是否检查刷牙效果(OR=9.15)是影响患龋率的因素。 结论 平顶山市农村及城乡结合区域儿童患龋率较高,应加强口腔健康教育和龋病预防控制工作。