韶关地区乙型肝炎患者HBV亚基因型的分布

目的 探讨韶关地区乙型肝炎患者血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型的分布情况. 方法 应用PCR法结合琼脂糖电泳方法对378例乙型肝炎患者进行基因分型和检测,根据PCR产物大小直接判定HBV基因型,应用PCR扩增全S基因序列-DNA测序-生物信息学分析方法确定部分样品的亚基因型,并探讨前S区编码情况. 结果 在378例乙型肝炎患者中B基因型263例占69.6％,C基因型113例占29.9％,BC混合型2例占0.5％.B基因型中HBeAg阳性患者占66.5％,抗-HBe阳性占33.5％. 结论 广东韶关地区乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型以B型为主,C型次之,少量BC混合型,HBV复制强弱与病毒基因型无关.     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型与临床病情的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型与乙型肝炎疾病谱及临床研究的相关性。方法用S基因PCR产物直接测序的基因型分型方法对南京地区94例HBV感染者中44例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者、33例慢性重型乙型肝炎(CSH)和肝硬化(LC)患者、17例肝细胞癌患者(HCC)血清标本进行病毒基因分型,同时对不同基因型患者的ALT、TBIL、血清HBVDNA水平进行了比较。结果94份血清标本中,基因型以B型和C型为主,分别为44例(42.6%)和54例(57.4%),未发现其它型和混合型;CHB组和HCC组病毒基因型分布差异显著,CHB患者中B型多于C型,而HCC患者中C型多于B型;C型和B型患者性别和HBVDNA含量差异不显著,而年龄、ALT和TBIL的差异显著,C型患者都高于B型患者。结论南京地区流行的HBV主要基因型是B和C;C型感染引起较重的肝脏损伤,同时C型与较严重的肝病有关。HBV基因型是影响临床表现的重要因素之一。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应分型法检测乙型肝炎病毒B、C基因型的研究

目的探讨用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)分型法检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)B、C基因型,了解不同类型HBV感染者中HBV基因型的分布特点。方法选取2010年9月至2012年10月在成都市第五人民医院就治的乙型肝炎患者135例作为研究对象,用荧光定量PCR分型法检测135例HBV感染者的HBV基因型。结果荧光定量PCR分型法成功分型131例(97.04%)样本,4例(2.96%)未检出,其中,B/C混合型28例(20.74%);C型17例(12.60%);B型86例(63.70%)。B基因型的病毒载量显著高于C基因型、B/C混合型(P<0.05)。B基因型在慢性乙型肝炎、慢性重型乙型肝炎和急性乙型肝炎患者中所占百分比显著高于C基因型与B/C混合型(P<0.05)。结论本地区的HBV基因型以B基因型为主,其次是C基因型、B/C混合型。     

荧光PCR法检测HBV感染者HBV基因型及其临床应用

目的:了解南通地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型分布情况及其临床特点.方法:选取本地区HBV感染者共125例,其中无症状携带者(ASC)31例,慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)46例,乙型肝炎肝硬化(LC)23例,原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)25例.应用实时PCR技术对患者进行血清HBV基因分型测定,FAM波长检测B型HBV,JOE或HEX波长检测C型HBV;部分结果进行基因测序验证;以3例非乙型肝炎患者为对照.结果:3例非乙型肝炎患者HBVM、HBV-DNA、HBV B、C基因均阴性.6例患者双份标本荧光PCR法、基因测序检测HBV基因型结果完全一致均为HBV C型.125例HBV感染者中HBV-DNA阳性的104例标本HBV基因型显示:B基因型25例(24.0%),C基因型74例(71.2%),B+C混合基因型5例(4.8%),未检出非B非C型;其中ASC组HBV-DNA定量阳性患者中以B型为主90%(9/10);而其余3组感染者中以C型基因居多:CHB患者中C型为80.43%(37/46),LC患者中C型为69.57%(16/23),HCC患者中C型为80%(20/25).结论:荧光PCR法可特异性检测HBV基因型;南通地区HBV基因型主要以C型为主,其次为B型和少量B+C混合基因型.HBV基因C型与B型各有显著的临床特点,可为临床诊断及指导临床抗病毒治疗药物选择提供依据.     

实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测HBV基因型B～D方法的建立

目的建立实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型B～D方法并验证其准确性。方法比较GenBank中已发表的明确分型的143株HBV全序列，设计特异的组合引物探针，应用实时荧光聚合酶链反应HBV基因分型法对兰州地区128例慢性乙型肝炎患血清标本进行基因型B、C、D检测，并随机对检测的基因型各3株标本进行S基因测序验证。结果128例标本中B型检出率为20.3％(26／128)，C型71．9％(92／128)，D型7．8％(10／128)：18株HBV克隆标本S基因测序结果与本分型法完全一致。结论实时荧光聚合酶链反应HBV基因分型法能够简便、灵敏、快速、准确地鉴定HBV基因型，适宜用于HBV基因型的大规模临床和流行病学调查。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒基因型与血清病毒载量的关系

目的探讨徐州地区慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者血清中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型与病毒载量的关系。方法采用型特异性引物多重PCR方法对徐州地区160例CHB患者的HBV进行基因分型，用荧光定量PCR方法检测HBVDNA水平。结果B型14例（8．7％），C型88例（55．0％），BC混合型51例（31．9％），未分型7例（4．4％），未发现A、D、E、F型。不同基因型之间HBVDNA载量无明显差别。结论徐州地区CHB患者中HBV基因型主要是C型和BC混合型，感染的HBV基因型与血清病毒载量之间无明显相关。     

江苏地区不同类型乙型肝炎患者HBV基因分型研究

目的:了解江苏地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布特征,探讨HBV各基因型与血清HBV DNA水平的关系.方法:采用荧光定量PCR结合Taqman MGB探针技术,对江苏地区176份乙型肝炎患者血清中的HBV DNA进行基因分型和定量检测.结果:176例血清中,C型117人(66.5%),B, C型40人(22.7%),B型9人(5.1%),D型1人(0.6%),A型1人(0.6%).C型与B, C混合型在HBV DNA水平上存在统计学差异(P＜0.05),B, C混合型的HBV DNA水平明显高于C型.C基因型在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的所占比例(71.4%)比在急性乙型肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌患者中所占的比例较高,但差异无统计学意义.结论:江苏地区HBV基因型以C型为主, B, C混合型次之,B型较少,D型,A型极少;B, C混合型患者的HBV DNA数量水平高于C型.     

太原地区慢性乙型肝炎患者基因型分布的研究

目的了解太原地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型的流行分布情况。方法运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增HBV S区特异性序列,利用限制性内切酶切割技术,对102例慢性乙型肝炎患者的HBV进行基因分型。结果32例为基因型B(31.37%),43例为基因型C(42.15%),5例为混合型(4.9%)。结论太原地区的HBV基因型分布有基因型B、C和混合型三种,以基因型C为主。     

河南省乙型肝炎病毒基因型的分布

目的:研究河南省乙型肝炎病毒基因型的分布.方法:随机选择HBV表面抗原携带者76例,慢性乙型肝炎患者80例,应用PCR方法检测血清HBV DNA含量,采用微板核酸杂交-ELISA技术进行血清HBV基因分型.结果:HBV携带者76例中,43例HBV DNA定量阳性;慢性乙型肝炎患者80例,HBV DNA定量均为阳性.HBV DNA定量阳性的123例中,B型65例(52.85%),C型38例(30.89%),B、C混合型5例(4.07%),B、D混合型3例(2.44%),C、D混合型4例(3.25%),未分型者8例.结论:河南省乙型肝炎病毒基因型以B、C型为主.     

实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测HBV基因型B～D方法的建立

目的 建立实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型B~D方法并验证其准确性。方法 比较GenBank中已发表的明确分型的143株HBV全序列,设计特异的组合引物探针,应用实时荧光聚合酶链反应HBV基因分型法对兰州地区128例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清标本进行基因型B、C、D检测,并随机对检测的基因型各3株标本进行S基因测序验证。结果 128例标本中B型检出率为20.3%(26/128),C型71.9%(92/128),D型7.8%(10/128);18株HBV克隆标本S基因测序结果与本分型法完全一致。结论 实时荧光聚合酶链反应HBV基因分型法能够简便、灵敏、快速、准确地鉴定HBV基因型,适宜用于HBV基因型的大规模临床和流行病学调查。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.