北京社区绝经后女性骨折类型、部位和发生年龄关系的分析

目的 了解北京社区绝经后女性骨折发生情况,探讨骨质疏松性骨折二级预防策略。方法 选取2016年3月至2017年11月就诊于北京市朝阳区太阳宫社区卫生服务中心和香河园社区卫生服务中心的绝经后女性,共2 866人。填写自行设计的骨质疏松症危险因素调查问卷,了解受访者骨折发生的类型(暴力性或非暴力性)、部位和发生年龄。分析女性一生中不同年龄段骨折发生的特点。结果 受访的绝经后女性平均年龄（62.39±6.94）岁,受访的2 866人中有635人（19.61 %）在受访时至少已有一次骨折史,其中有73人（2.54 %）发生了两次或两次以上骨折。58.64 %的暴力性骨折发生在绝经前,80 %的脆性骨折发生在绝经后,这两种类型骨折发生的年龄具有显著统计学差异。在所有的典型部位脆性骨折当中,前臂远端骨折占比最大,为50.43 %,发生的平均年龄为（56.0±11.76）岁;髋部骨折发生占比8.33 %,平均发生年龄为（59.8±12.69）岁。结论 女性绝经后发生的骨折主要是脆性骨折,其中前臂远端脆性骨折较髋部脆性骨折至少早3年发生。加强对已发生前臂远端脆性骨折的绝经后女性的管理,对预防再发骨质疏松性骨折（尤其是髋部骨折）的效益较大。     

髋部股骨转子间骨折的分型与治疗策略

正2000年全球统计约160万例患者发生髋部骨折,其中20%的骨折患者年龄50岁~([1])。预计到2025年,每年会有约260万患者发生髋部骨折,1年内的死亡率可高达30%~([2])。髋部骨折是全球10大致残疾病之一~([3-4])。由于几乎大部分的髋部骨折患者都需要选择手术治疗,髋部骨折的治疗一     

Cerclage-wiring-assisted fixation of difficult hand fractures

Difficult hand fractures with multiple butterfly fragments, multiple cortical splits or intraarticular extension continue to pose a challenge for optimal stable fixation that allows early postoperative mobilisation. In this study, we describe the use of cerclage-wire-assisted fixation of 17 difficult hand fractures in 16 patients. The cerclage wires helped to maintain the reduction, so providing sufficient initial stability for placement of a plate and screws. Stable fixation of the fracture was then accomplished without losing the reduction. One to three cerclages of stainless-steel wires were used for the preliminary fixation. Stable fixation was then accomplished by a bridging or neutralising plate technique. Postoperatively, the fixation was sufficiently stable to allow immediate mobilisation. With an average follow up of 44.5 months, all 17 fractures united without loss of reduction. At final follow-up, the average total active range of motion was 247 degrees (range 220-260 degrees ).     

腓骨内固定治疗老年胫腓骨粉碎性骨折

1995～ 1999年 ,笔者采用腓骨内固定治疗严重粉碎性胫腓骨骨折患者13例 ,效果尚佳。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 13例 ,男 6例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 5 6～ 72岁。左侧 5例 ,右侧 8例 ;车祸伤 4例 ,跌伤 7例 ,直接暴力伤 2例 ;开放性骨折 4例 ,闭合性骨折 9例。骨折情况 :胫骨均为中下段严重粉碎性骨折 ,骨折碎块均在 4块以上 ,腓骨多段骨折 5例。合并疾病 :慢性支气管炎 3例 ,高血压 2例 ,前列腺肥大 2例 ,心律不齐 1例。1.2　治疗方法　患者取仰卧位 ,手术在硬膜外麻醉下进行。以腓骨骨折处为中心 ,取小腿后外侧纵行切口 ,显露腓骨骨折端。…     

微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折

目的 介绍一种治疗掌、指骨骨折切开复位内固定的方法，方法 对12例掌、指骨骨折采用切开复位，德国OS进口微型钢板内固定，根据骨折的不同部位及骨折的不同类型，选用不同形状的钢板。结果 术后12例随访1个月～1年，无感染，无畸形愈合及关节僵硬等并发症发生，掌指关节、指间关节活动良好，疗效良好。结论 应用微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折，固定牢靠，有利于骨折愈合及早期功能锻炼，值得推广应用。     

Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Tibia

In a study of 23 intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia of which 18 were re-examined after an average follow-up period of 5.4 years, two major fracture patterns were identified: type A, a rotational pattern, caused by low energy trauma and type B, a compressive fracture pattern caused by high energy trauma. Type B fractures could be divided into three subgroups: 1) An isolated fracture of the anterior or posterior margin of the distal tibia, 2) an extra-articular comminuted fracture with extension into the ankle joint and 3) a comminuted intra-articular fracture.

When the initial displacement and comminution were severe or the reduction was not complete, the final results of the comminuted intra-articular fractures were not acceptable. The incidence of osteoarthritis was highest in the group of comminuted intra-articular fractures. The extra-articular comminuted fractures seemed to have a better prognosis as indicated by the final clinical results, including the occurrence of osteoarthritis.

It is clear from this study that comminuted intra-articular fractures should not be treated by primary operation. All fractures treated non-operatively had acceptable final clinical results.     

Distal metadiaphyseal tibial fractures

Extra-articular fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis, metadiaphyseal junction and adjacent diaphysis are distinct in their management from impaction derived “pilon”-type fractures and mid-diaphyseal fractures. The optimum management of these metadiaphyseal fractures is controversial, with advocates for intramedullary nail, plate and external fixation. The evolution of treatment options for these fractures has been closely linked to developments in implant technology and surgical technique. Further developments in this area, particularly with respect to minimally invasive plating techniques and nail design are ongoing. The literature suggests that both intramedullary nail fixation and minimally invasive plating are appropriate management options for these fractures, but further studies are required to determine the superiority of one technique over the other.     

复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗与对策

目的:探索复杂性髋臼骨折(complex acetabular fractures,CAF)合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗方法与对策。方法:2000年8月-2005年3月,收治复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈及多处骨折12例,男7例,女5例;年龄24～51岁,平均37.5岁,皆系高能量损伤。合并其他部位骨折23处,平均2.6处。采用改良髋臼入路,应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统(ATMFS)、空心加压螺钉、Richard钉、交锁髓内钉、天鹅记忆接骨器(SMC)等固定骶髂关节分离、复杂性髋臼骨折、股骨颈、股骨干、胫骨干、肱骨、尺桡骨骨折。结果:术后随访6～31个月,平均13.5个月。12例复杂性髋臼骨折均获解剖复位并达骨性愈合;同侧股骨颈骨折也获解剖复位,10例达骨性愈合。术后3～7个月(平均4.6个月),髋关节功能达到健侧水平;1例出现股骨头缺血性坏死行关节置换;1例股骨头坏死合并异位骨化导致关节骨性融合。4例骶髂关节分离获解剖复位;其他23处骨折,均获骨愈合。根据髋关节功能评分标准:优3例,良6例,一般1例,差2例。结论:采用改良髋臼入路、应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折,同时固定股骨颈骨折及合并的多处骨折,配合术后早期的功能锻炼,可以使髋关节获得良好的功能。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧胫腓骨骨折

目的 探讨股骨干骨折合并同侧胫腓骨骨折的特点和治疗方法，减少并发症的发生。方法 使用带锁髓内钉早期同时固定胫骨和股骨，治疗11例。结果 随访1～3年，平均2年，根据Karlstroem和Olerud功能评定标准：优8例，良2例，中1例。Gustilo Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度创口均一期愈合，骨折愈合时间4～6个月，患者功能恢复满意。结论 该方法有防止骨折分离和旋转移位的作用，可调整为加压固定，可稳定关节、减少感染，防止骨折畸形愈合和不愈合以及膝关节僵直等并发症。     

分期微创治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的 介绍胫腓骨开放性骨折的分期微创治疗经验。方法采用急性期临时使用石膏、跟骨牵引或外固定支架，待伤口稳定后采用微创技术，应用非扩髓交锁髓内钉或经皮插入钢板技术治疗胫腓骨开放粉碎性骨折72例。Gustil0分类Ⅰ度22例、Ⅱ度39例、ⅢA度11例。近端9例、中段4l例、远端22例。结果72例患者均得到随访，伤口愈合情况良好，骨折无延迟愈合、畸形愈合，平均临床愈合时间为15周。根据Johner-Wruhs评分优良率89％。结论胫腓骨开放骨折可采用分阶段治疗，早期以软组织处理为主，二期以骨折微创内固定、关节功能锻炼为主。     

交锁髓内钉治疗四肢长骨病理性骨折

目的 分析交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨病理性骨折的疗效。方法 27例病理骨折(22例骨折、5例临界骨折)采用交锁髓内钉治疗。16例良性病变行病灶刮除、自体和(或)异体骨移植；11例转移癌9例行病灶姑息切除、骨水泥填充加强，2例单纯闭合穿钉固定。结果 15例良性病变患者获随访，14例骨折首次术后平均4个月愈合；因复发或内固定失败需再手术3例。9例转移癌获随访，全部病例肢体功能恢复满意。结论 交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨病理性骨折理想的内固定物。     

Validation of a new classification system for interprosthetic femoral fractures

Interprosthetic femoral fracture (IFF) incidence is gradually increasing as the population is progressively ageing. However, treatment remains challenging due to several contributing factors, such as poor bone quality, patient comorbidities, small interprosthetic fragment, and prostheses instability. An effective and specific classification system is essential to optimize treatment management, therefore diminishing complication rates. This study aims to validate a previously described classification system for interprosthetic femoral fractures.     

Significance of Endogenic Factors in the Location of Fractures of the Proximal Femur

The significance of endogenic factors in the localization of the fractures of the proximal femur was studied in 373 patients, with 402 fractures. A statistically significant relation was found between muscular disturbances of the affected leg and trochanteric fractures, while the incidence of femoral neck fractures was high in osteoporotic but physically active individuals.     

Management of open olecranon fractures using clamp-cum-compressor device

Background:

Open fractures of olecranon are not a rare occurrence in patients with road traffic accidents particularly motor bike riders who don''t use elbow guards. Definitive treatment has to be delayed in many till the wound heals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the results of open fractures of olecranon using clamp-cum-compressor device.

Materials and Methods:

Seventeen patients between the ages of 20 and 45 years of open olecranon fractures reported 5-20 days after injury were treated using an indigenous clamp-cum-compressor. All fractures were Mayo type II-A, i.e., displaced, stable and noncomminuted. Four patients had Gustilo-Anderson grade I and 13 had Gustilo-Anderson grade II open fractures. The patients with transverse or short oblique fractures were included in the study. The apparatus was applied under regional anesthesia after thorough washing and debridement of wounds with few loose sutures applied wherever needed. The wounds healed within 2-4 weeks and fractures united within 8-10 weeks. The elbow was mobilized with apparatus still in place. The results were evaluated by MayoElbow performance score.

Results:

We achieved excellent results in twelve patients, good in four and poor in one patient, who reported late, hooks of the apparatus were cut through the proximal fragment, leading to union of fracture in elongation and restricted elbow movements.

Conclusion:

The apparatus was found to be quite useful in transverse and short oblique fractures with contamination or infection, where internal fixation has to be delayed or avoided.     

静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合

目的 探讨静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合的效果。方法 对27例骨折应用静力型交锁髓内钉固定后的股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合患者，行近侧或远侧锁钉取出术进行动力化治疗。其中股骨干延迟愈合17例，胫骨干延迟愈合10例。结果 随访7—48个月，平均19．5个月。术后3—7个月(平均3．3个月)获临床愈合。无感染、断钉、关节损伤和内固定取出后再骨折。结论 静力型改为动力型是治疗交锁髓内钉固定后股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合的有效方法。应用时注意选择适当的手术时机，选择取出锁钉也要得当。     

高原地区不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的治疗

目的 提高治疗高原地区不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 对高原地区60例不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的治疗进行回顾性研究。根据骨折类型，分别采取石膏或外固定架外固定、钢板螺钉或交锁髓内钉内固定等治疗。结果 随访54例，时间9—30个月，平均17．6个月。骨折均愈合，愈合时间3—6个月，平均4．1个月。开放性骨折术后伤口均一期愈合。54例中49例患肢功能恢复良好，5例出现膝关节僵硬。结论 高原地区胫腓骨骨折愈合有其自身的特点，特别对于开放性骨折，进行一期清创及内固定的时限可较平原地区明显延长。