1000名青少年学生生活满意度和生活事件的关联分析

目的研究青少年在校学生生活满意度和生活事件之间的关联,为青少年在校学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法运用青少年学生生活满意度和生活事件量表对1000名学生进行测查。结果青少年学生生活满意度呈较高水平（5．478±0．999）,家庭满意度得分最高;生活事件中学习压力对青少年的影响最大（2．101±0．702）。生活满意度和生活事件各因子间比较虽有差异,但无统计学意义。Pearson相关系数显示两种量表各因子之间有关联;多元逐步回归显示其他生活事件对青少年学生评价其生活满意度的预测力为12．2％。结论青少年生活事件的各方面对其生活满意度有影响。     

潍坊市老年人生活满意度及影响因素的调查分析

[目的]了解老年人生活满意度及影响因素。[方法]采用老年人生活满意度量表(LSIA)以及自行设计的一般情况调查表,对潍坊市某社区98名老年人进行问卷调查。[结果]该社区老人生活满意度得分为27.92分±6.94分,逐步回归分析显示躯体健康状况、经济状况、家庭关系、精神状况、业余爱好、医疗费支付情况和社会支持对生活满意度的影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]潍坊市老年人生活满意度总体水平较高,影响老年人生活满意度的因素主要有躯体健康状况、经济状况、家庭关系、精神状况、业余爱好、医疗费支付情况和社会支持。应从影响老年人生活满意度的多个因素着手,有针对性地逐步提高老年人的生活满意度。     

Perceptions of Basic,Advanced, and Pediatric Life Support Training In a United States Medical School

Background

Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) are integral parts of emergency resuscitative care. Although this training is usually reserved for residents, introducing the training in the medical student curriculum may enhance acquisition and retention of these skills.

Objectives

We developed a survey to characterize the perceptions and needs of graduating medical students regarding BLS, ACLS, and PALS training.

Methods

This was a study of graduating 4^th-year medical students at a U.S. medical school. The students were surveyed prior to participating in an ACLS course in March of their final year.

Results

Of 152 students, 109 (71.7%) completed the survey; 48.6% of students entered medical school without any prior training and 47.7% started clinics without training; 83.4% of students reported witnessing an average of 3.0 in-hospital cardiac arrests during training (range of 0–20). Overall, students rated their preparedness 2.0 (SD 1.0) for adult resuscitations and 1.7 (SD 0.9) for pediatric resuscitations on a 1–5 Likert scale, with 1 being unprepared. A total of 36.8% of students avoided participating in resuscitations due to lack of training; 98.2%, 91.7%, and 64.2% of students believe that BLS, ACLS, and PALS, respectively, should be included in the medical student curriculum.

Conclusions

As per previous studies that have examined this topic, students feel unprepared to respond to cardiac arrests and resuscitations. They feel that training is needed in their curriculum and would possibly enhance perceived comfort levels and willingness to participate in resuscitations.     

Analysis of the Concept of Quality of Life

ABSTRACT. Nurses provide the constant human care that can make the difference between a life that is valuable to the last and a life that ends in humiliation, deprivation and suffering. Nurses, therefore, more than other health professionals, need a deep and reflective view of patients' value and quality of life. In this paper the concept of quality of life is analysed from a philosophical and scientific perspective. Quality of life in connection with treatment of a disease has its roots in the philosophical conception of the value of human life in general. Characteristics such as happiness, physical activity and interpersonal relations are what give life value and meaning. From the scientific viewpoint, it seems difficult to define the concept, given its multidimensional characteristics. However, the analysis indicates a growing interest among health-professionals to develop scientific intersubjectivity of the concept in terms of measurable parameters.     

生存质量及其相关观念

本文介绍了生存质量的含义和主要内容,并对其相关概念作了详细的阐述,它们包括健康、健康状态、健康相关生存质量、功能状态、情绪、症状等.了解这些概念有助于加深我们对生存质量的理解,并更好地在临床工作中加以运用.     

Maintaining Cognitive Health in Older Adults: Australians’ Experience of Targeted Computer-Based Training,using the Brain Fitness Program

ABSTRACT

Aims: This study explores the experience of older Australians completing the Brain Fitness Program (BFP). The BFP is computer-based training, of 40 hours duration, designed to address cognitive decline in healthy older individuals. Methods: Ten Australians participated in an exploratory concurrent mixed method study. Cognitive outcome measures and participant-reported quality of life were used to examine the effect of the training. Pre-intervention measures were taken immediately prior to training and post-intervention scores were measured within one week of completing the training. The lived experience of completing the BFP was explored via interviews. Results: All participants made statistically significant improvement in measures of attention and concentration. Six reported improvements in thinking or communication skills in everyday life, while four could not identify any changes to their lives. Universally, participants found the BFP easy to use, although eight participants found it arduous to complete, requiring strong motivation and persistence to finish the program. Most found the repetitive nature of the instructions frustrating, and all participants found the American presentation style and American-English culturally inappropriate in the Australian setting. Conclusions: Our results concur with the literature, such that the BFP positively affects the attributes of attention and concentration. However, our findings suggest that not all older Australians will report transfer of trained skills to everyday function and that older Australians may find the BFP arduous and culturally inappropriate. Our findings add to the debate on the usefulness of brain training software, although, to be fully conclusive, further investigation with greater participant numbers is required.     

军队离退休老干部生活习惯调查分析

目的　调查分析军队离退休老干部生活习惯及其影响因素 ,为制定健康教育计划提供依据。方法　采用生存质量评估量表 ,对定居成都地区军队离退休老干部 1677例进行生活习惯问卷调查。资料按年龄分为 60～ 69岁、70～ 79岁、≥ 80岁 3组。结果　( 1)总体生活习惯评分 12 .95± 1.5 5 ,性别之间无显著差异。 3个年龄组评分依次为 13 .2 5± 1.3 0 ,12 .3 5± 1.5 0和 11.0 0± 1.85 ,呈现随年龄增高而下降的趋势 (F =15 4.49,P <0 .0 0 1) ;( 2 )生活习惯评分与生存质量评分密切相关 (r =0 .5 95 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,经多元逐步回归分析 ,生存质量的构成因素中 ,以健康状况、社会交往和心理卫生对生活习惯影响最大 (R =0 .496,P <0 .0 0 0 1) ;( 3 )生活习惯各构成因素中 ,饮酒习惯无年龄差异 ,吸烟者随年龄增高而减少 ,运动和文娱活动的参与程度及睡眠状况则变差。结论　军队离退休老干部生活习惯与年龄及生存质量有密切关系。养成良好生活习惯与改善健康状况、增进社会交往是相辅相成的     

临时性肠造口患者还纳术后居家生活体验的质性研究

目的 探讨临时性肠造口患者还纳术后居家生活体验,为制定干预方案及促进居家康复提供依据。方法 采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对12例造口还纳后的患者进行半结构式访谈,按照Colaizzi七步分析法对获得的资料进行编码、分析、整理和归纳。结果 对访谈内容进行分析提炼3个主题：疾病发展的不确定性;肠道症状伴生的生活困扰;疾病应对的情感调节。结论 造口还纳后肠道功能的改变,给患者身心带来极大的困扰,影响了患者的生活。医护人员应根据患者的认知和需求,及时给予护理干预,提高患者的生活质量。     

老年人生命态度现状与生命教育需求的调查与分析

[目的]探讨老年人对生命态度现状、影响因素及生命教育需求,为老年人生命教育提供参考依据。[方法]采用便利抽样法,选取247例老年人对其生命态度和生命教育需求进行问卷调查。[结果]老年人生命态度总分(50.94±6.62)分,平均每条目得分2.04分,无慢性疾病的老年人生命态度得分高于有慢性疾病的老年人,有宗教信仰的老年人生命态度得分高于无宗教信仰的老年人,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。52.63%的老年人想要了解与生命教育相关的知识。[结论]老年人生命态度偏消极,受健康状况、宗教信仰等多因素影响;老年人生命教育需求较高,应重视老年人生命教育。     

A Comparison of Multimedia and Standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support Learning

Abstract. Objectives : To compare student performance after Multimedia ACLS Learning System (MM) education compared with that after standard (ST) ACLS education. Methods : Final-year medical students were divided into 2 groups based on convenience scheduling and given ACLS instruction either in a standard format or with the MM course. The sizes of the small groups and the times in small-group instruction were identical. All students were evaluated with the same 50-item multiple-choice written examination, a structured evaluation immediately after the management of a mock cardiac arrest, and a second structured evaluation of the same mock arrest (videotaped) by an instructor blinded to the education method. Students were assigned a mark from 1 to 5 in each of 4 domains: assessment, immediate priorities, continual assessment, and leadership. Results : 75 students took the MM and 38 took the ST course. The mean ± SD mark for the multiple-choice test was 89.3 ± 4.9% (MM) vs 89.3 ± 4.8% (ST); the on-site mock arrest evaluation mark (20 maximum) was 14.1 ± 2.5 (MM) vs 14.1 ± 2.0 (ST); and the blinded mock arrest evaluation was 13.1 ± 2.9 (MM) vs 14.4 ± 2.9 (ST) (p = 0.024). 1/75 (MM) vs 0/38 (ST) did not successfully complete the on-site mock arrest evaluation. More students in the MM group (46% vs 25%) required multiple attempts to successfully complete the mock arrest evaluation (p < 0.02). Conclusion : In medical students with no previous ACLS training, structured access to the multimedia ACLS Learning System provides immediate educational outcomes similar to those of a standard ACLS course. Multimedia computer-interactive learning should be enhanced with a short period of hands-on practice.     

Impact of urinary incontinence on sexual quality of life in Portuguese adults

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a symptom of an underlying disorder with a high prevalence, constituting an important public health problem due to its physical, psychological and social consequences. The impact it has on the individuals' quality of life is revealed in their daily activities, self‐perception, socialization, emotional health and in their sexual life. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of incontinence on the sexual quality of life, identifying the role of the variables: gender, duration and severity of incontinence, impact of incontinence on the quality of life and type of incontinence. The sample was composed by 55 patients (54·05% male and 45·5% female) from health facilities, in Lisbon, with a mean age of 55 years, who answered a set of questionnaires, which included: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7); the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6); the Questionnaire on Sexual Quality of Life, male and female versions (SQoL‐F/SQoL‐M) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicate that UI has a negative impact on the sexual quality of life in general, especially if the incontinence symptoms endure for a long period of time; also the impact of UI on social relationships, and the stress UI has a significant and negative impact on the sexual quality of life. In this study, UI has a negative impact on sexual life compounded by restrictions and other negative consequences of living with urinary leakage. The authors conclude that further research is required to ascertain the full impact of UI on sexual quality of life. Finally, implications for nurses are also discussed: in addressing the sexual health of their patients, nurses have an important contribution in assuring that experiencing UI should not necessarily translate into negative sexual quality of life.     

儿童生存质量量表的国内外研究现状

儿童生存质量量表是评价儿童生活质量的工具,起源于国外,其规范的引进和应用非常必要.本文介绍儿童生活质量量表起源与框架,总结国内外的研究现状,借鉴国外应用儿童生存质量量表的研究经验,为国内更好地评价儿童生存质量、提高儿童健康水平提供参考.     

37例门静脉高压症患者手术后生存质量的追踪调查

目的 了解门静脉高压症患者手术后生存质量的变化,为实施临床护理提供实证依据.方法 采用消化病生存质量指数追踪测定37例门静脉高压症手术患者在术前、术后2周至2年的生存质量值.结果 患者术前平均消化病生存质量指数值为(101.2±12.2)分;术后2周和5周时分别为(93.7±13.5)分、(93.3±9.4)分,下降明显,与术前比较,P＜0.05;术后10～16周为94.3～97.6分,与术前比较无显著性差异,P＞0.05;术后6月～2年,稳定在99.5～102.3分.结论 术后2～5周是生存质量最低阶段,是临床护理最关键的时期,术后5周起消化病生存质量指数开始提升,术后16周恢复术前水平.     

浙江省15岁以上居民自评健康期望寿命

目的分析浙江省15岁居民自评健康期望寿命及其在城乡和性别之间的差异。方法利用2008年死因监测资料和浙江省第四次卫生服务调查家庭户成员自评健康数据,采用Sullivan方法推算健康期望寿命。结果 2008年浙江省城乡15岁居民的自评健康期望寿命分别是57.77岁和54.80岁,健康寿命比重为90.25%和88.86%,城市居民的自评健康期望寿命、健康寿命的比重高于农村。女性的平均期望寿命和自评健康期望寿命都高于男性,但健康寿命的比重低于男性。结论老年人群、女性人群是防治疾病,减少伤残的重点人群;加强农村卫生工作和卫生资源配置,提高农村居民的健康水平,是卫生部门的工作重点。