海南省基本医疗卫生服务均等化分析

目的：了解海南省市县际间基本医疗卫生服务均等化现状,为促进全省基本医疗卫生服务均等化建设提供参考。方法：利用海南省、我国及经合组织国家等卫生统计数据,对海南省市县际间基本医疗卫生服务均等化指标进行分析。结果：资源分布均等化方面,机构地理可及性相差较大,医护比为1∶1.2,资源分布的基尼系数大于0.3;筹资均等化方面,人均医疗保健支出低于全国,人均政府卫生支出额高的市县主要集中在各区域的中心,多数市县新农合住院实际补偿比在50%左右;服务提供均等化方面,多数市县床位使用率低于90%,药费占比在30%～40%,地区之间孕产妇及儿童健康管理差距较小,但管理率普遍低于全国。结论：基本医疗卫生服务资源分布与政治、经济等条件有关,筹资机制不健全、基本医疗和公共卫生服务提供能力低影响了基本医疗卫生服务的质量。建议合理布局基本医疗卫生服务资源,加大卫生筹资力度,提高基本医疗卫生服务提供能力。     

Horizontal equity and efficiency at primary health care facilities in rural Afghanistan: A seemingly unrelated regression approach

Producing services efficiently and equitably are important goals for health systems. Many countries pursue horizontal equity – providing people with the same illnesses equal access to health services – by locating facilities in remote areas. Staff are often paid incentives to work at such facilities. However, there is little evidence on how many fewer people are treated at remote facilities than facilities in more densely settled areas. This research explores if there is an association between the efficiency of health centers in Afghanistan and the remoteness of their location.Survey teams collected data on facility level inputs and outputs at a stratified random sample of 579 health centers in 2005. Quality of care was measured by observing staff interact with patients and determining if staff completed a set of normative patient care tasks. We used seemingly unrelated regression to determine if facilities in remote areas have fewer outpatient visits than other rural facilities. In this analysis, one equation compares the number of outpatient visits to facility inputs, while another compares quality of care to determinants of quality.The results indicate remote facilities have about 13% fewer outpatient visits than non-remote facilities, holding inputs constant. Our analysis suggests that facilities in remote areas are realizing horizontal equity since their clients are receiving comparable quality of care to those at non-remote facilities. However, we find the average labor cost for a visit at a remote facility is $1.44, but only $0.97 at other rural facilities, indicating that a visit in a remote facility would have to be ‘worth’ 1.49 times a visit at a rural facility for there to be no equity – efficiency trade-off. In determining where to build or staff health centers, this loss of efficiency may be offset by progress toward a social policy objective of providing services to disadvantaged rural populations.     

Gini系数和泰尔指数在山东省妇幼保健卫生人力资源配置公平性中的应用研究

目的探讨山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源配置公平性,为妇幼保健人员的合理配置提供决策依据。方法对山东省2015-2017年妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源现况开展问卷调查。综合运用卫生资源密度指数指标(HRDI)、基尼系数及泰尔指数等方法,分别从人口、地理两个维度分析卫生人力资源配置的公平性。结果2015-2017年,山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力总量呈逐年上升趋势。各地市相比,3年间HRDI最高的均为枣庄市,最低的为滨州市,两市相差近6倍。东营市、滨州市和菏泽市的HRDI远低于全省平均水平。基于人口维度,山东省妇幼保健人力资源基尼系数3年间均维持在0.20左右。东部和西部地区的基尼系数均<0.20,中部地区的基尼系数0.20~0.30。泰尔指数组内差异贡献率均高于80%。基于地理面积维度,基尼系数3年间均维持在0.25左右,西部地区的基尼系数均<0.20,东、中部地区的基尼系数0.20~0.30。泰尔指数组内差异贡献率均高于90%。结论山东省妇幼保健机构卫生人力配置公平性总体较好,人口公平性优于地理面积公平性。在下一步配置中在考虑人口因素的同时,要兼顾地理面积因素。     

我国妇幼保健资源配置现状及公平性分析

目的了解我国妇幼保健资源配置现状,评价其公平性,为促进我国妇幼保健资源的整体优化提供基本参考。方法以2005-2014年《中国卫生和计划生育年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》中妇幼保健资源配置的相关指标为原始资料,对我国及各省市的资源配置现状进行描述和分析;同时运用泰尔指数对资源配置的公平性进行评价。结果我国拥有的妇幼保健机构数、医师数、床位数、护士数逐年增加;2005-2014年我国妇幼保健机构、医师数泰尔指数变动较小,床位数、护士数的泰尔指数在0.019 5~0.047 6、0.021 9~0.044 5之间变化,呈增长趋势,且东部地区相对偏高;区域内差异对泰尔指数的贡献率大于区域间,对妇幼保健资源配置的公平性影响较大。结论我国妇幼保健资源总量虽上升,但资源配置不公平,且呈下降趋势,尤其是区域内公平性问题严重,相关部门应重点关注,统筹兼顾,改善妇幼保健资源配置不公平的现状。     

城市社区妇幼保健人力资源配置公平性分析

目的:研究我国城市社区妇幼保健服务人力资源配置的公平性。方法:选择我国东(杭州市)、中(武汉市)、西(成都市)3个城市15个社区卫生服务机构,运用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数分析社区妇幼保健服务人力资源配置的公平程度。结果:按服务人口和辖域面积分别测算,社区妇幼保健服务人力资源配置的基尼系数为0.096 4和0.519 6,后者处于公平性配置警戒区域。结论:政府要重视妇幼保健服务人员在辖域配置方面的公平性。     

福建省基层医疗卫生综合评价

目的：了解福建省基层医疗卫生综合情况。方法：利用福建省医改中期评估调查表中＂医疗卫生综合情况调查表＂的基础资料和该表涉及的7项核心指标,运用RSR法、功效系数法和Z分评价法,对全省的基层医疗卫生综合情况进行分析。结果：通过九个设区市排名,县级市、市辖区和县级间的排名及不同经济发展水平县（市）的排名,发现区域医疗卫生综合情况与经济发展水平相关,且在机构、人力、公共卫生服务等方面存在差异。结论与建议：福建省主要存在基层医疗卫生机构区域发展不平衡、公共卫生服务发展不均等和基层医疗卫生人才队伍整体水平较低等问题。建议自主发展和财政投入相结合,促进基层医疗卫生机构区域平衡发展;专项经费保障和标准化体系建设相结合,促进公共卫生服务均等化发展;人事和经费保障制度相结合,加强卫生人才队伍建设。     

2010-2017年我国妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源配置公平性研究

目的探讨我国妇幼保健机构人力资源配置公平性,为各地区妇幼人力资源的优化提供参考依据。方法主要运用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数及泰尔指数法对我国妇幼保健机构2010-2017年主要人力资源配置的公平性进行评价。结果按人口分布的人力资源基尼系数在0. 14~0. 24之间;按地理分布的人力资源基尼系数在0. 09~0. 56之间,主要是注册护士数、卫生技术人员两项指标均超过警戒线。其中执业(助理)医师配置的公平性最好,卫生技术人员,注册护士的分布公平性相对最差。区域内的泰尔指数大于区域间的泰尔指数,且东部地区的差异对区域内的不公平性的贡献率最大(>40%)。结论妇幼人力资源配置基于人口分布的公平性优于地理分布;不公平主要由地域内差异所致,且东部地区的贡献率较大。     

产前保健服务利用的公平性调查分析

目的:探讨不同收入状况孕妇产前保健服务利用情况及公平性。方法:以1 685例不同收入水平孕妇为研究对象,利用五分组法测算孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率和健卡率,不同收入状况孕妇各率的比较采用列联表χ2检验,用极差法(率差RD、率比RR)和集中指数(CI)进行产前保健服务利用的公平性比较。结果:在产前保健服务利用情况项目中,孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率及建卡率在不同经济水平孕妇间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三项指标均随着经济水平的增高而呈现明显增加的趋势。三项指标中的RD均为负值,集中指数为正值。结论:年均经济收入高、经济状况好的孕妇首次接受孕早期检查率、产前检查总次数达标率及建卡率高于年均收入较低的孕妇,该地区不同经济状况孕妇产前保健服务利用方面存在不公平性。     

基于HRAD和DEA的广西基层卫生资源配置公平与效率分析

目的 分析广西基层卫生资源配置公平和效率,为广西基层卫生资源规划提供参考。方法 运用集聚度、数据包络分析法分析广西基层卫生资源配置公平性、效率。结果 2019年广西各地市基层HRADi在0.39～2.82之间,HRADi/PADi比值在0.45～1.71之间;2012—2019年广西基层HRADi均在1以上,HRADi/PADi比值在1左右。2019年广西仅有5市基层卫生配置效率为DEA有效;2012—2019年综合效率、纯技术效率平均值分别为0.842、0.858,2014—2019年这6年配置效率为DEA无效。结论 广西基层卫生资源人口公平性优于地理公平性,医师配置公平性较差;技术影响总体效率;各地市间配置公平与效率差异明显。     

Analysing equity in health care financing: A flow of funds approach

There are concerns that existing methods for analysing equity in Irish health care financing, based on progressivity index measures, are not adequately capturing patterns of inequity that occur in practice. This paper follows a new direction in the literature whereby equity in health care financing and delivery are analysed together. A flow of funds for Irish health care resources is developed and applied to data for 2004. The framework traces the flow of public and private health resources from individuals to financial intermediaries, from there to health care providers and functions, and from there to individuals. Individuals are categorised by health care entitlement status. Findings indicate that broad progressive patterns in aggregate resource flows hide less equitable patterns that require further attention and there are complex interactions between public and private resources. The flow of funds approach complements existing analytic methods and generates policy lessons for Irish and international policy makers.     

The health care reform in Portugal: Outcomes from both the New Public Management and the economic crisis

The Portuguese health system concentrates most of its activity in a National Health Service, created in 1979 to promote universal and general access. The National Health Service should ensure equity, efficiency, and quality of all health care delivered services. This study assesses the impact of health care policies between 2002 and 2017, focusing on 3 timeframes: the adoption and adaptation of New Public Management principles to the health care sector (2002 to 2010), the economic and financial crisis period (2011‐2015), and the postcrisis recovery period (2016‐2017). The current study evaluates the main policy measures in the health sector, presenting their impacts in terms of access, efficiency, accountability, and costs over those 3 economic periods. It was verified that not all the measures implemented by the successive governments obtained the desired outcomes, generating even costs increase, apart from the austerity period in which health expenditure showed a significant reduction because of the financial constraints.     

Utilization of delivery services at the primary health care level in rural Vietnam

The objective of this study is to investigate factors that influence the utilization of delivery services at the primary health care level in rural Vietnam. A quantitative survey was conducted amongst 200 women who had given birth within the past 3 months. Focus group discussions and in-depth-interviews were then undertaken using the attitudes--social influence--self-efficacy model to obtain complementary information on the delivery decision. The results show that client-perceived quality of services and socio-cultural and economic factors, rather than geographical access, can affect the utilization of delivery services. It is therefore important to improve the cost-efficiency of the health care network, and delivery services should be provided in a client-oriented manner taking into account economic, social and cultural factors.     

Contribution of primary care to health systems and health

Evidence of the health-promoting influence of primary care has been accumulating ever since researchers have been able to distinguish primary care from other aspects of the health services delivery system. This evidence shows that primary care helps prevent illness and death, regardless of whether the care is characterized by supply of primary care physicians, a relationship with a source of primary care, or the receipt of important features of primary care. The evidence also shows that primary care (in contrast to specialty care) is associated with a more equitable distribution of health in populations, a finding that holds in both cross-national and within-national studies. The means by which primary care improves health have been identified, thus suggesting ways to improve overall health and reduce differences in health across major population subgroups.     

中国农村基本卫生保健工作发展与思考

目的：了解我国农村地区基本卫生保健工作的现状,以及在新世纪第一个十年中取得的成绩和存在的问题,为进一步推进农村基本卫生保健工作提出有针对性的政策建议。方法：按照分层抽样的方法,在全国选择400个县级行政单位,收集当地农村基本卫生保健工作的相关数据。结果与发现：（1）农村基本卫生保健工作得到政府重视,但财政保障仍不足;（2）乡村两级医疗卫生服务体系建设仍需不断完善;（3）基本公共卫生服务在医改政策推动下进展明显,后续要加大力度推进;（4）新型农村合作医疗制度不断完善;（5）基本药物制度实施使基层医疗卫生机构面临发展困境。     

基于泰尔指数和集中指数的我国妇幼保健资源配置 公平性评价

摘要:目的　分析评价我国妇幼保健资源分布情况及其公平性。方法　主要利用集中指数、集中曲线和泰尔指数进行测算。结果　妇幼保健机构数、妇幼保健机构床位数、妇幼保健机构卫生技术人员数的集中指数CI分别为:-0.108 0、0.118 8、0.172 4,表明我国妇幼保健资源的配置向经济水平较高的地区倾斜较为明显,地区之间妇幼保健资源配置不公平。泰尔指数显示,我国妇幼保健资源地区间仍存在配置差距。各地区内部配置不公平性较为严重,是影响我国妇幼保健资源配置公平性的主要因素。结论　妇幼保健资源配置不合理,妇幼保健资源中机构数、床位数的公平性优于卫生技术人员数的公平性;妇幼保健资源配置地区间较为公平,优化妇幼保健资源配置应重点关注地区内部的不公平,尤其是东部地区;妇幼保健资源配置城乡差异显著,农村地区优于城市地区。     

城乡基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务居民满意度研究:以湖北省为例

目的:分析湖北省城乡居民对基本公共卫生服务的满意度及影响因素,为改善我国基本公共卫生服务质量提供政策依据。方法:根据经济发展情况选取湖北省武汉、黄冈、荆州地区共12家基层医疗卫生机构,对就诊居民进行满意度问卷调查,测量居民对基本公共卫生服务的可及性、舒适性、安全性和有效性的满意状况。结果:城乡居民对基本公共卫生服务的满意度得分为71.62分,总满意率为73.44%。城乡居民对基本公共卫生服务具体指标满意度最高的为就诊方便性(83.03%)和隐私保护(80.25%),满意度最低的指标为医疗技术(61.61%)和设备设施(64.53%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,基本公共卫生服务的可及性、舒适性、安全性对社区居民满意度影响较大,性别及年医疗支出对居民满意度也有一定的影响。结论:城乡居民对基本公共卫生服务总体满意度处于一般水平,有待提升;城市平均满意度高于农村,农村地区存在较大的提升空间;基本公共卫生服务应进一步强化质量建设,促进城乡基本公共卫生服务均等化发展。     

北京市乡村两级基本医疗卫生服务包设计研究

阐述了北京市乡村两级基本医疗卫生服务项目的 筛选原则与依据,提出了北京市农村基本卫生服务包的筛选标准,获得了北京市乡村两级基本医疗卫生服务包的筛选结果,分析了基本医疗卫生服务包的合理性、适应性及可操作性,并探讨了开展基本医疗卫生服务的保障条件,以供其他地区借鉴.     

The use and design of the BSC in the health care sector: A systematic literature review for Italy,Spain, and Portugal

The aim of this paper is to gain a better understanding of how the balanced scorecard (BSC) has evolved in Spain, Italy, and Portugal. It reviews all the articles on the BSC in the health care sector written between 1992 and 2015 by Spanish, Italian, or Portuguese authors and published in Spanish, Italian, or Portuguese as well as in English. Our study first shows the state of knowledge on BSC in health care for a homogeneous group of Southern European countries. Second, it uncovers the perspectives, indicators, and generation used in the countries under observation to reveal the extent to which this management tool has evolved. Third, it analyses international variations in design and use within the health care context, especially in the United States. Moreover, it also highlights a number of important issues. The BSC is in its early stage of development in these 3 countries, which do not use it as a tool to implement strategy and align all of the elements that help integrate the organization.