海洋石油职工复发性脑卒中情况分析

目的：了解海洋石油职工复发性脑卒中情况及影响因素。方法：采用病历回顾性调查法。结果：调查海洋石油职工脑卒中596例（男419，女177），首发484例，复发112例占18．8％。男性病人中复发82例，复发率为19．6％，女性病人中复发30例为17．0％，缺血性脑卒中显著高于出血性脑卒中，复发1次者61例占54．5％，复发次数最多为7次。复发性脑卒中患者有高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、TIA、高粘血症的百分率明显高于首发脑卒中病例。结论：海洋石油职工复发性脑卒中有较高的发生率且以缺血性脑卒中为多见，并有随年龄增加而升高的趋势。其所患各危险因素亦较高，故而必须采取一切干预措施，降低危险因素，减少脑卒中的复发，减轻家庭及社会负担。     

成都地区军队老人20年病死率和死亡原因分析

目的：探讨军队离退休老年人1984—2003年期间病死率和死因构成的特征。方法：以1984年1月1日以前定居成都地区军队所属24个干休所的全部离退休人员为研究对象，根据健康档案调查逐年人员变动情况，对每例死亡人员通过查阅病历确定死亡原因。结果：（1）基线人数1665人，基线平均年龄61．56岁，共计观察了29776人。20年累计死亡542人，平均病死率1820／10万人年；（2）死因构成前4位依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病，分别占总死因的42．1％、17．7％、14．9％和10．9％；（3）在恶性肿瘤死亡中，肺肿瘤死亡高居首位（40．8％），以下依次为肝肿瘤（16．2％）和胃肿瘤（14．5％），结、直肠肛门肿瘤和泌尿系统肿瘤并列第4位（各占6．6％）。结论：居住干休所的军队老年人近20年病死率低于全国城市老年人群的平均病死率；该老年群体前4位死因构成与全国城市同龄人群有明显差异，其特征是恶性肿瘤死亡在总死因中占更大的比例，呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病所占比例较小，而心脏病死亡所占比例与全国城市坶年人群相似。     

西北五省区军队干部高血压的流行病学调查

目的：了解西北五省区军队干部高血压患病情况及流行特征。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法选定样本人群，调取所选人群2006年按军区卫生部要求统一组织的干部体检资料，采集相关信息，进行统计分析。结果：西北五省军队干部高血压患病率男性为20．1％，女性14．1％，男性患病率高于女性（X^2=16，4，P〈0．01）。年龄分布，男性45岁以上患病率开始增加，60岁以后进一步增加。女性50岁以后患病率开始增加，到65岁时接近男性水平。血压分布情况，男性干部55．7％，女性68．8％具有最佳或正常血压，男性和女性干部中具有正常高限值血压的人数分别占23．4％和17．4％。具有高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期人数男性分别占16．7％、2．9％、0．5％，女性分别占11．7％、1．9％和0．5％。结论：目前西北五省军队干部很大一部分具有高血压或正常高限值血压，高血压的预防控制面临严峻挑战。     

脑卒中后抑郁的治疗进展

脑卒中是我国中老年患者常见病、多发病，据调查，脑卒中的患病率已经从1992年的4．8％上升到2000年的12．8％。2008年我国卫生部发布《第三次居民死亡主要原因》表明，中国城乡居民最主要的死亡原因依次是：脑血管病，恶性肿瘤，呼吸系统疾病，心脏病，损伤和中毒，其中，脑血管病居第一位，占死亡人数的22．45％。卒中致残对患者产生心理应激，随后因社会功能障碍、经济损失及孤独感等导致患者陷入无助、绝望的处境，     

青海省河南县居民病伤死因调查分析

目的：为了解青海高原居民健康状况和主要疾病死亡原因，为高原地区疾病防治策略及措施的制定提供科学依据。方法：采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法对青海高原河南县2002年-2004年死亡居民进行了死因回顾调查分析。结果：总死亡率635．06／10万，男性死亡率为659．18／10万，女性死亡率610．44／10万。居民死亡率前五位依次为：心脑血管疾病（117．15／10万）、呼吸系统疾病（114．06／10万）、恶性肿瘤（89．40／10万）、损伤和中毒（73．99／10万）、消化系统疾病（58．57／10万）。全县平均期望寿命为66．69岁，男性63．85岁、女性69．40岁。结论：卫生行政部门应根据该地区居民患病特点，制定相应的疾病防治策略。     

乳腺疾病的病种构成和峰值年龄比较分析

目的 探讨乳腺疾病病理资料中病种构成、发生率和年龄分布的结构特征。方法 统计分析东北地区14所医院病理档案资料，O～69岁的患者按每10岁为一个年龄组，〉70岁者为一个年龄组，按SPSS10．0软件的要求建立数据库，分别统计乳腺疾病种类，计算发生率，绘制疾病年龄曲线，作不同类型医院同种疾病组成和年龄分布曲线比较分析。结果 共46种乳腺疾病35948例，常见疾病为纤维腺瘤、乳腺癌、腺病、男性乳腺发育、囊性增生病、副乳腺，分别占全部乳腺疾病的37．99％、21．49％、20．60％、4．54％、3．60％和2．80％，此6种乳腺疾病的患者数占全部46种乳腺病的91．02％。结论 乳腺疾病的病例数与医院的规模呈正比；不同的疾病有各自的峰值年龄；各种疾病中肿瘤性疾病23167例，占全部病例数的64．45％，其中良性、交界性和恶性肿瘤分别占66．13％、0．13％和33．74％；良性肿瘤以纤维腺瘤多见，占89．14％，恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌多见，占98．82％，二者在各医院病理资料中的发生曲线几乎相同，均呈正态分布；不同地区相同类型的医院间，乳腺疾病发生的峰值年龄没有显著性差异；非肿瘤性疾病12781例，占全部病例数的35．55％；各医院病理资料中关于乳腺腺病和囊性增生病的发生曲线极不规则，缺乏可比性，提示各医院掌握的诊断分类标准存在原则差异，有必要在这方面进行深入研究。     

中老年病人130例体重及膳食状况调查

一、调查对象年龄43～80岁（平均59岁）。男性118例，占91％；女性12例，占9％。全部有不同程度的高脂血症、冠心病、脂肪肝、高血压、糖尿病、胃肠疾患、胆囊疾患、肾脏病等。二、调查方法（1）填写营养咨询调查表；（2）根据患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重、劳动强度、疾病通过微机计算出该患者的标准供给量及体重指数；（3）以咨询方式填写孩患者每日习惯用餐所摄入的食物及饮食习惯和方式。三、调查结果1．体重指数：调查结果见表1。2．每日习惯膳食情况：调查结果见表2。四、讨论控制总热量的摄入．保持理想体重是防治心脑血管等疾病的…     

创伤死亡流行病学分析

创伤死亡流行病学分析陈习进宋德根李望舟对我院１９９１～１９９５年间收治的创伤死亡３４６例进行回顾性分析，以便进一步改善对创伤的救治过程，降低死亡率．临床资料本组男性２７３例（７９．０％），女性７３例（２１．０％）；平均年龄３５．５岁，２１～５０岁占６...     

重庆市1999年道路交通事故伤的流行病学分析

目的：探讨重庆市道路交通事故发生分布规律，为事故预防提供依据。方法：对重庆市道路交通事故资料进行清理登录和计算机处理分析。结果：（1）1999年共发生交通事故8093起，死亡1039人，受伤5309人，比上年分别上升28.6％、0.1％、48.4％。伤亡比为5.0：1；男女比为2.4：1；年龄主要分布段21-45岁之间，占伤亡人员的61.6％。（2）步行和乘车两种方式伤亡最多，死亡73.4％，受伤68.4％。（3）10：00-12：00和14：00-16：00是一天中的事故高峰。（4）事故中人为因素占94.8％，车辆因素占2.3％，道路因素占0.01％（没有死亡）。结论：重庆市道路交通事故处于严重的时期，加强机动车职业驾驶员和新驾驶员的安全教育和管理，严格控制行人和乘车人的事故伤害，将会使重庆市的安全状况得到改善。     

以GEI评价二院离休干部心脑血管病及恶性肿瘤防治现状及体会

老年期是慢性非传染性疾病的多发期，一般认为，高血压、冠心病、脑血管病，恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、慢性支气管及肺疾病等十种疾病是老年人的常见病、多发病。我门诊部负责航天总公司第二研究院600多名离休干部及部分解放前参加工作的高级知识分子的日常门诊及医疗保健，年龄最大91岁，年龄最小62岁，平均年龄72岁。1987年～1996年十年中因各种疾病死亡56名。直接死亡原因人数最多占前三位的为恶性肿瘤24例；心血管病9例；脑血管病8例。以北京市人口期望寿命平均价值73，84岁为标准，分别计算这三种疾病的GEI。     

儿童意外伤害的临床流行病学特征分析

目的 分析≤14岁儿童意外伤害住院特征及影响因素,为儿童伤害的预防控制提供科学依据.方法采用国际疾病分类标准ICD-10,对本院2009年1-12月收治的因意外伤害住院的≤14岁儿童患者的临床流行病学特征进行回顾性分析,探讨儿童伤害住院预后的影响因素.结果 本组共3011例,男童1991例(66.12%),女童1020...     

中国高龄老年人日常活动能力状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国高龄老年人群日常活动能力（activities of daily living,ADL）状况及主要影响因素。方法 根据2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查结果,纳入80岁及以上高龄老年人群,分析其ADL及失能状况,并探讨重要的影响因素。结果共纳入4 646名≥80岁的高龄老年人,其中男性1 823名,占总人群的41.4%,年龄(91.30±7.77)岁。高龄老年人ADL失能的患病率为32.2%,其中失能的患病率女性(36.0%)高于男性（26.7%）（P<0.001）,且呈现随年龄增加的趋势（P<0.001）。中重度失能占所有失能者的51.3%,其患病率分别为6.7%和9.9%。不同条目比较,洗澡失能的比例最高,达到29.9%;控制大小便失能的比例最低,仅为8.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、居住地、性别、慢性病数量等均是ADL失能的影响因素。结论 我国高龄老年人的失能状况不容乐观,年龄、性别、慢性病等多个因素与失能有关。这也提示我们需要重视高龄老年人尤其是女性、伴有共病者的失能状况,针对性开展防治措施,以提高生活质量,减少疾病和社会负担。     

Analysis of 265 autopsies of sudden death in children

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of death and characteristics of sudden death in children and to offer scientific bases for prevention and cure, and medicolegal expertise of sudden death in children. MATERIAL: A retrospective study was carried out on the 265 cases of sudden death in children under 14 years old from 1960 to 2003 in three key hospitals of Haikou city, Hainan Province, China. RESULT: Of the 265 cases, 164 were male and 101 were female (1.6:1). Most of them were babies aged 1 month-1 year (37.0%). The three most common causes of sudden death in children were diseases such as lobular pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia and viral pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Most of the reported cases of sudden death in children were babies aged 1 month approximately <1 year and males were much more than females in the ratio of 1.6:1. The main diseases causing sudden death were the diseases of the respiratory system, especially pneumonia.     

Influence of mental disorders on working ability assessment

BACKGROUND/AIM: There is an increasing need for evaluation of working ability due to lower level of social protection of workers and growing number of patients with mental diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim of this study was to establish the influence of mental diseases on the occurrence of disability of I and III categories in B&H during the period from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2006. METHODS: This study involved 1792 examinees with the complete loss of working ability (I disability category) (n = 921). Disability category III consisted of persons with limited working ability (n = 871). The instruments of research in this multricentric and retrospective study were the forms P-6 and D-2 for the years of service in B&H, and the form IN for persons with years of service abroad and personal features questionnaire (EPQ). RESULTS: The study included 1494 men (78.5%) and 298 women (21.5%). Univariant analysis represented very high statistical significance (p = 0.001) concerning: age (X2 = 65.428), years of service (X2=28.438), drinking (X2 = 33.234), smoking (X2=70.880), father's education (X2 = 58.124), migrations (X2 = 14.874), sick leave (X2 = 29.190), medical treatment (X2 = 95.073) and rehabilitation (X2 = 29.453). Multivariant analysis represented the influence on disability cate gory I by parameters such as: years of service, sick leave, psychoticism and depression (p = 0.001). Hospital treatment and fatigation had influence on disability in both groups. Mental diseases are the leading cause in disability category I in 14.98% and in disability category III in 9.3% persons. Leading diseases in both disability categories were depression and schizophrenia followed by alcoholism, anxiety, brain organ psychosyndrome (BOPS) and other diseases. CONCLUSION: The following parameters have highest influence on the disability category: the years of service, sick leave, psychoticism, depression, and long-lasting disease, medical treatments and fatigation on the disability category III.     

Traumatic death from rival gang violence in Rivers State, Nigeria

A prospective autopsy study in Rivers State, Nigeria, was undertaken to evaluate the patterns of death as a result of rival gang clashes and to highlight the menace of rival gang violence. Between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2003 medico-legally autopsied bodies in Rivers State, where death was the result of gang violence, were studied after being served with the coroner's form. In all cases, standard autopsy procedures were adopted and reports were issued. A total of 58 bodies were autopsied for the study. Three (5.2%) were females and 55 (94.8%) were males, giving a female to male ratio of 1:18.3. The age group of 10-29 years recorded the highest frequency of death (65.6%) with a peak in the age group 20-29 years (39.7%). Gang violence and politically motivated mob action were the most common precipitating factors (60.3% and 20.7% respectively). Firearms (41.4%) was the most common method applied for the killing. Death was more common in the rural areas of Rivers State. Gang clashes, volatile political rallies, illegal drug peddling and illegal oil bunkering should be banned and stringent laws be passed. Such laws should also cover gun handling and should be enforced.     

Industrial accidental deaths in the Niger delta region of Nigeria: a study of 32 autopsies in Port Harcourt

Accidents in the oil industry in the Niger delta region of Nigera raise concerns about safety measures and the management of industrial sites. A total of 32 autopsies were performed after coroners' inquest forms were served on the authors by the State, which serve as consent and request. Standard procedures were adopted in all the cases and the reports were appropriately issued. Death from industrial accidents accounted for 2.5% and 6.1% of total autopsies and accidental death autopsies respectively. The youngest victim was a 19 year old male while the oldest was a 55 year old male. The age group 30-39 years was the most vulnerable. There was a male dominance; (male:female ratio = 9.7:1). The commonest accidents in their order of frequency were: falling from a height, explosion/fire, motor vehicle accidents and falling objects. Multiple injuries, head and neck trauma and drowning were the commonest cause of death at autopsy. Accidental deaths were commoner in the small-scale industries (81%) than in the large-scale industries (19%). This is the first time such a study has been carried out locally. The proportion of accidental deaths in the small scale industries relative to that of the large ones may be attributed to the poor enforcement of safety measures in the smaller industries     

Retrospective study of 273 deaths due to poisoning at Sir Salimullah Medical College from 1988 to 1997

In Bangladesh all poisoning death cases are recorded as unnatural death and medico-legal autopsy is routine. This paper investigates the pattern, trend and incidence of unnatural poisoning deaths attended in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mortuary, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1997. A total of 2534 medico-legal autopsy cases were carried out during this period and 273 deaths by poisoning constituted 10.8%. The autopsies done were predominantly male (54.6%). The 13-24-year-old age group was the highest victim group (48.4%). The urban incidence was 60.8%. The main reasons behind taking poison were diseases, familial dispute, alleged insanity and marital discord. Organo-chlorine compounds were the main killer (51.6%) followed by organo-phosphorous compounds (37.7%). This study shows that poison death victims are gradually increasing, in terms of growth rate male death is higher than female, and maximum number of deaths occur below 24 years of age. The trend of poisoning with organo-chloride compounds is being replaced by organo-phosphorous compound use.