口腔白斑和鳞癌中P53基因突变的PCR—SSCP分析

本实验应用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）分析技术对５例正常口腔粘膜、２２例白斑和３０例鳞癌中Ｐ５３基因突变情况进行检测。结果表明，轻，中，重度异常增生白斑，无和有淋巴结转移鳞癌Ｐ５３突变率为１２．５％、３７．５％，５０．０％，６４．３％和７５．０％，正常粘膜无一例阳性，白斑和鳞癌间Ｐ５３变化有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），Ｐ５３突变与鳞癌有否淋巴结转移无关。     

口腔白斑和鳞癌中p53基因突变的免疫组化及PCR—SSCP分析

本实验应用免疫组化－链霉素抗生物素蛋白过氧化酶连接法（ＳＰ）和聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ）对５例正常口腔粘膜，２２例白斑（轻、中、重度异常增生各为８、８、６例）和３０例鳞癌（有和无淋巴结转移各为１６、１４例）组织中ｐ５３突变进行检测。结果表明：轻、中、重度异常增生白斑和鳞癌ｐ５３蛋白表达率为１２．５％，２５．０％，３３．３％和５０．０％；ｐ５３基因突变率为１２．５％，３７．５％，５０．０％和７０．０％。正常粘膜无一例阳性。白斑和鳞癌ｐ５３变化有显著性差异。ｐ５３基因突变与蛋白表达间存在不一致性，且与鳞癌有否淋巴结转移无关。     

颊癌P16及P53蛋白表达与临床病理的相关研究

目的探讨P16和P53在口腔颊癌中的表达特点及其与临床病理的关系。方法采用免疫组化和图像分析技术，检测32例颊粘膜白斑和扁平苔藓，30例颊癌和10例正常颊粘膜组织中P16和P53蛋白的表达水平。并将结果与病理分级、临床分期、癌转移等指标进行统计分析。结果正常颊粘膜、单纯性增生、不典型增生、颊癌中P16表达的阳性率分别为：100％、100％、90％、40％；P53表达的阳性率依次为：0、4，5％、25．5％、53．3％。颊癌P16的表达率比上皮不典型增生明显降低（P〈0．05）。颊癌P53的表达率比上皮单纯性增生明显升高（P〈0．05）。临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病例中P16蛋白表达水平高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的病例（P〈0.01）。无颈淋巴结转移病例中，P16蛋白表达水平高于有转移的病例（P〈0.05）。病理分级为Ⅰ级的病例，P53蛋白表达水平明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的病例（P〈0．01）。临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病例中，P53蛋白表达水平低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期者（P〈0．05）。无颈淋巴结转移病例中，P53蛋白表达水平低于有转移的病例（P〈0.05）。P16阳性组中，P53的表达显著低于P16阴性组（P〈0．05）。结论颊癌早期P53蛋白有过度表达。P16低表达和P53高表达时提示颊癌预后较差。P16和P53蛋白的联合检测可作为临床评估颊癌浸润、转移和预后的参考指标。     

口腔白斑和扁平苔藓中TSGF的检测

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤特异性生长因（TSGF）的检测对口腔白斑和扁平苔藓的临床意义。方法 对45例鳞癌，12例白斑和32例扁平苔藓患者，测定其血中TSGF的浓度。结果 鳞癌的阳性率为53．33％，白斑为33．33％，扁平苔藓为25．00％。白斑与鳞癌的阳性率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。扁平苔鲜与鳞癌的阳性率有显著性的差异（P＜0．05）。结论 检测患者血清中TSGF可做为临床预测口腔黏膜病是否有癌变倾向的初步手段。     

口腔白斑和鳞癌中P_(53)、C-myc基因的免疫组化研究

本实验应用免疫组化－链霉素抗生物素蛋白－过氧化酶连接法（ＳＰ）对正常口腔粘膜、白斑和鳞癌中Ｐ５３、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的表达进行研究．结果表明：正常粘膜无一例阳性；轻、中、重度异常增生白斑和鳞癌Ｐ５３蛋白表达率为１２．５％，２５．０％，３３．３％和５０．０％；Ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达率为０．０％，１２．５％，１６．７％和２３．３％．白斑和鳞癌间Ｐ５３变化有显著性差异，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达无显著性差异．此两基因的表达与鳞癌有否淋巴结转移无关，且在鳞癌发生中有协同作用     

PTTG和bFGF在口腔鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨垂体肿瘤转化基因（pituitary tumor transforming gene，PTFG）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor，bFGF）在口腔鳞癌中的表达及相互关系，研究它们的表达与肿瘤临床病理指标的联系。方法：应用SP染色法检测PTTG蛋白和bFGF在55例口腔鳞癌组织、10例正常口腔黏膜组织中的阳性率。结果：在口腔鳞癌中PTTG和bFGF的阳性表达率分别为78．2％和67．3％，其阳性率及表达等级均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。PTTG在中一低分化组和有淋巴结转移组中的表达显著高于高分化组和无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．05）。PTTG表达与bFGF表达成等级正相关（r=0．382，P〈0．05）。结论：PTFG或bFGF与口腔鳞癌生物学行为及预后有密切关系，二者的联合检测，有助于口腔鳞癌恶性程度和预后的判断。     

β2肾上腺素受体在口腔鳞癌中的表达研究

目的：探讨B2-AR在口腔鳞状细胞癌（oralsquamous cell carcinoma,OSCC）中的表达及其在口腔鳞癌淋巴结转移中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化染色、RT—PCR和Westernblot,检测β2-AR在65例口腔鳞癌组织、10例正常口腔黏膜组织、Tca8113细胞系中的表达,比较β2-AR表达与口腔鳞癌临床病理参数之间的关系。结果：口腔鳞癌组织中β2-AR的表达与正常口腔黏膜组织中β2-AR的表达之间存在显著差异（P=0．004）。在口腔鳞癌中,有淋巴结转移者的β2-AR阳性率为85．3％,无淋巴结转移者的阳性率为48．3％,两者之间的差异具有显著性（P：0．001）。RT—PCR和Western检测表明,口腔鳞癌组织和Tca8113细胞系中均有β2-AR表达,而正常口腔黏膜组织中无β2-AR表达。结论：β2-AR在口腔鳞癌中的表达显著升高,可能在口腔鳞癌发生和淋巴结转移中发挥一定的作用。     

转移抑制基因Kiss-1在舌鳞癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的表达

目的：探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因Kiss-1在舌鳞癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的表达。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测59例舌鳞癌标本原发灶癌组织和其中21例发生淋巴结转移的转移灶中Kiss-1蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的关系。结果：59例原发灶标本中Kiss-1蛋白的表达率：无淋巴结转移组为97．37％（37／38）,有淋巴结转移组为90．47％（19／21）,两组相比差异无统计学意义（p〉0．05）;但有淋巴结转移组的表达强度低于无淋巴结转移组,两组差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。在21例发生淋巴结转移的病例中,淋巴结转移灶表达率为28．57％（6／21）,明显低于原发灶的90．47％（19／21）,两组差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）。Kiss-1蛋白表达与患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、组织学分级、嗜烟酒等因素无关（p〉0．05）。结论：舌鳞癌中Kiss-1蛋白表达减弱或丢失可能是导致舌鳞癌转移能力增强的因素之一。     

口腔扁平苔藓癌变潜能探讨——P53基因表达及形态计量学研究

目的从P53基因的表达及细胞形态计量变化，研究口腔扁平苔藓（OLP)癌变的潜能。方法采用免疫组化SABC法对28例OLP病损P53基因表达情况进行检测；用图像分析技术，对其中16例OLP的细胞形态学变化进行测量及分析，并分别与正常口腔粘膜、上皮异常增生性白斑、及鳞癌比较。结果P53蛋白在正常口腔粘膜中表达阴性，但可在OLP、白斑（LK）角朊细胞及鳞癌（SCC）癌细胞中表达，阳性细胞数比例由OLP、LK到SCC依次递增，差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。细胞形态定量结果显示OLP各项参数值介于正常与白斑和鳞癌之间，与鳞癌差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论OLP是一种界于正常及癌之间的良性病损，具有一定的恶变潜能，但恶变潜能可能低于白斑。     

Oct4在口腔黏膜白斑癌变进程中的作用初探

通过检测干细胞标记物Oct4在口腔黏膜白斑中的表达水平,探讨Oct4在口腔黏膜白斑癌变进程中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学sP法检测Oct4在10例121腔正常黏膜,40例扁平苔藓,60例白斑,20例鳞癌中表达水平;同时检测0ct4在30例癌变与30例未癌变白斑中的表达差异。结果：Oct4在正常黏膜中不表达,在扁平苔藓、白斑和鳞癌中的表达率分别为22．5％,56．7％和85．0％（P〈0.05）;Oct4在未癌变和癌变白斑中的表达率均为36.7％沪〈0.01）。结论：Oct4与口腔黏膜恶性潜能程度相关,可能直接参与白斑癌变进程。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物在口腔鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的　探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(UPA)在口腔鳞癌中的表达及与侵袭、转移、预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学LsAB法检测80例口腔鳞癌、10例口腔正常粘膜、10例口腔粘膜白斑中UPA的表达。结果　口腔鳞癌中UPA表达明显高于口腔正常粘膜和口腔白斑。口腔鳞癌中UPA的表达与淋巴结转移、预后、生长方式存在相关关系;有转移者表达明显高于无转移者,预后差者表达明显高于预后好者,浸润型生长方式者表达高于外生型和溃疡型生长方式者。结论　UPA表达与口腔鳞癌的侵袭、转移关系密切,有望在临床上成为判断侵袭、转移和预后指标之一。     

尿激酶受体在口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的　探讨尿激酶受体 (UPAR)在口腔鳞癌中的表达及与侵袭、转移、预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组化LsAB法检测口腔鳞癌、口腔正常粘膜、口腔粘膜白斑中UPAR的表达。结果　口腔鳞癌中UPAR表达明显高于口腔正常粘膜和口腔白斑。口腔鳞癌中UPAR的表达与淋巴结转移、预后、生长方式、TNM分期之间存在相关关系。有转移组明显高于无转移组 ;预后差组明显高于预后好组 ;浸润型生长方式高于外生型和溃疡型生长方式 ;IV期高于III期、II期、I期。结论　UPAR表达与口腔鳞癌的侵袭、转移关系密切 ,UPAR有望在临床上成为判断侵袭、转移和预后指标之一。     

p53, mdm2, and p21 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas: relationship with clinicopathologic factors

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation of expression of cell cycle-associated gene proteins with clinicopathologic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 69 oral SCC cases and 10 normal mucosa cases were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53, mdm 2, and p21 proteins. RESULTS: We found p53, mdm 2, and p21 expression in 44 of 69 (63.8%), 25 of 69 (36.2%), and 37 of 69 (53.6%) oral SCCs, respectively. Ki-67-labeling index of combined p53(+)/mdm 2(+) expression cases was significantly higher than those that lacked combined expression (P =.004). Combined p53(+)/p21(+) expression showed a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P =.019). In survival analysis, combined p53(+)/p21(+) and p53(+)/mdm 2(+)/p21(+) expression was associated with poor clinical outcome (P =.018 and.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: Combined p53/mdm 2 expression was associated with tumor proliferation in oral SCC. Combined p53/p21 and p53/mdm 2/p21 expression may be a predictive factor in lymph node metastasis.     

口腔鳞癌组织中Ki-67和p53蛋白的表达

目的 探讨口腔鳞癌组织中Ki-67和p53蛋白的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法对10例正常口腔黏膜组织、16例口腔白斑（OLK）组织、48例口腔鳞癌（OSCC）组织中的Ki-67和p53蛋白表达进行检测,结合患者临床病理资料进行分析,使用SPSS17.0 软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果Ki-67蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织、口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为30.0%、56.3%和79.2%;p53的阳性表达率分别为0.0%、43.8%和70.8%,Ki-67和p53在正常黏膜组与口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组差异均具有显著性（P<0.05）;Ki67蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达与肿瘤的临床分期、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,p53蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度有关(P<0.05);Ki-67和p53蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论Ki-67和p53蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中高表达,可能在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。     

Immunohistochemical analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product in oral leukoplakia

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the oral cavity. p53 protein has been reported to be expressed at high levels in malignant lesions, while the level in premalignant lesions has yet to be determined. In this study, oral leukoplakia and oral SCC were examined. Seventy-four incision or excision samples from 43 cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, and 41 samples from 37 SCC cases in the oral cavity, were obtained. All samples (formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded) were examined immunohistochemically for overexpression of p53 protein with monoclonal antibody BP 53-12. As the result, 1. Twenty-two out of 43 leukoplakia cases, and 29 out of 37 oral SCC cases, were positive for p53 protein. 2. p53 protein was overexpressed in premalignant lesions, especially in the cases with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia. 3. There was a relation between p53 protein expression and pathological features of leukoplakia (epithelial dysplasia), statistically. 4. There was a relation between p53 protein expression and clinical features of leukoplakia, statistically. 5. Malignant transformation during clinical observation was seen in 11 cases. Nine out of 11 cases were positive for p53 even before malignant transformation. Since in cancer-development cases, p53 staining was detected even before malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma, it is indicated that p53 accumulation occurred at a early stage of cancer-development. In conclusion, immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein is suggested to be useful diagnostic procedure for oral leukoplakia, which may develop into oral SCC.     

P53 expression and clinical significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma]

P53 protein expression was investigated in oral squamous cell carcinomas and oral premalignant lesions by monoclonal antibody Do-1 and immunohistochemistry technique. 4 of 12 (33.3%) samples of severe epithelial dysplasia and 25 of 44 (56.8%) samples of squamous cell carcinoma expressed P53 protein while all the normal mucosa, mild and moderate epithelial dysplasia were negative. The P53 expression in carcinomas was associated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis and tumour stage. This result indicated that P53 genic mutation might be an early event in oral mucosa carcinogenesis and related to oral tumor progression. Detection of P53 protein probably has clinical significance in identifying the premalignant lesions of oral mucosa and predicting the prognosis of oral carcinomas.     

口腔白斑及鳞癌中Rb、P53蛋白的表达

目的 :探讨抑癌基因p5 3 、Rb蛋白产物在口腔白斑及鳞癌中的表达。方法 :用免疫组化法检测 2 0例口腔白斑 (OLK)、3 3例鳞癌 (OSCC)组织中P5 3 及Rb蛋白的表达。结果 :Rb蛋白在OLK、OSCC中的表达较正常口腔黏膜组增强 ,但无显著性差异 ;突变型P5 3 蛋白的表达在OLK即已出现 ,且随着细胞异常增生程度的增高而增强 ,在OSCC中其阳性表达率高达 80 %。结论 :p5 3 基因突变、P5 3 蛋白过度表达与OSCC的发生发展密切相关 ;OSCC的发生可能涉及Rb、p5 3 细胞周期生长抑制反馈调节通路的异常     

颊癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23mRNA的表达

通过Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ斑点杂交技术研究５２例颊癌及相关组织中肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ３２－Ｈ１和ｎｍ２３－Ｈ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果发现：颊癌组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１和ｎｍ２３Ｈ２ｍＲＮＡ表达比正常颊粘膜、白斑、癌旁粘膜均有不同程度增高，颊癌有转移组中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ表达比无转移组明显降低，转移灶中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ的表达更低（Ｐ〈０．０５），ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ经无转移组明显降低，转移灶中ｎｍ２     

Mutated and wild-type p53 expression and HPV integration in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

The frequencies of overexpression and mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene were examined in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma with immunohistochemistry and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Ten samples each of normal oral mucosa, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma were immunostained with antibodies against p53 protein; 8 of 10 cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia cases and 7 of 10 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were positive for p53 protein. Minimal staining was observed in normal oral tissues. The quantified labeling indexes demonstrated a range that corresponded to lesion progression. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed p53 gene mutations within exons 5 to 8 in 40% (4 of 10) of the squamous cell carcinoma samples. Two of the 4 mutated squamous cell carcinoma samples lacked p53 expression. No p53 mutations were detected in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia tissues. Human papillomavirus 16 was identified in 2 of 7 p53 positive oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 were identified in two of eight p53 positive proliferative verrucous leukoplakia samples. One p53 negative squamous cell carcinoma sample was positive for human papillomavirus 16 and had a mutation in exon 6 of the p53 gene. Human papillomavirus infection along with p53 expression plays a yet to be defined role in the pathogenesis of a limited number of cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. p53 Immunohistochemistry, p53 gene mutations, and human papillomavirus infection prevalence do not provide a means to differentiate between leukoplakia and carcinoma and do not provide a predictive test for progression of leukoplakia to carcinoma.