超声内镜引导不同型号细针穿刺胰腺占位病灶的前瞻随机对照研究

目的 通过分析EUS-FNA获得的细胞量及细胞学诊断结果,比较3种不同型号穿刺针在胰腺实性占位诊断中的差异.方法 纳入2010年12月至2011年5月期间两家医院胰腺实质性占位病灶长轴直径大于2 cm并进行EUS-FNA的病例.根据穿刺途径将患者分为经胃壁穿刺组(19 G或22 G或25 G)和经十二指肠壁穿刺组(22 G或25 G),分别按事先设置的随机表随机选择穿刺针型号进行EUS-FNA.穿刺过程中,固定穿刺次数、吸引负压、穿刺针在病灶内移动次数和移动距离,穿刺内容物送液基细胞学检查,由同一位细胞学医生制片及诊断对EUS-FNA获得的细胞量及细胞学诊断结果进行比较.结果 研究共纳入病例52例,经胃壁穿刺组42例,经十二指肠壁穿刺组10例.所有病例均成功完成穿刺操作并未出现与EUS-FNA操作相关的并发症.两个穿刺组中不同型号穿刺针所获得的细胞总量、细胞学诊断之间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但在两组中25 G穿刺针的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率均稍高.结论 EUS-FNA在胰腺实质性占位中具有较高的诊断价值,尽管25 G穿刺针对胰腺病灶的诊断略显优势,但3种不同型号的穿刺针获得的细胞量及细胞学诊断并无显著差异.     

超声内镜引导下胰腺穿刺活检的现状

内镜超声检查术(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)是近10 a来开展的新技术,目前已广泛应用于上消化道及邻近脏器疾病的诊断.EUS引导下穿刺活检是EUS的重大进展.现就EUS引导下穿刺活检对胰腺疾病.尤其是胰腺肿瘤的诊断价值作一综述.1胰腺的穿刺活检方法自1972Oscarson首创的血管造影下经皮胰腺活检以及Smith et al行B超引导下经皮胰腺活检以来,胰腺疾病的细胞学和组织学诊断技术发展迅速,目前胰腺疾病的穿刺活检方法主要有:①术中直视下胰腺穿刺活检;②B超、CT及经内镜逆行胰管造影术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatography,ERP)引导下经皮细针穿刺活检;③超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.EUS     

超声内镜下细针穿刺活检术对胰腺囊性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术(EUS-FNA)及细胞块对胰腺囊性病变的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月行传统影像学检查(CT、MRI、B超)、EUS-FNA的15例胰腺囊性病变的临床资料,其中8例行液基细胞学(LBC)、细胞块检查.同时,比较4种检查技术在胰腺囊性病变中的诊断价值.结果 假性囊肿7例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤(IPMN)1例,胰腺癌3例,囊腺癌2例.传统影像学、EUS-FNA、LBC、细胞块的诊断正确率为53.3％、86.7％、75.0％、100.0％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EUS-FNA较单纯传统影像学的灵敏度、特异度、约登指数均高(86.7％、75.0％、0.62与53.3％、58.3％、0.12),细胞块较LBC灵敏度高(100.0％与75.0％).结论 EUS-FNA及细胞块可提高诊断胰腺囊性病变的准确率.     

胰腺超声内镜细针穿刺活检组织中粘蛋白表达检测辅助诊断胰腺癌的价值评价

目的 检测粘蛋白（MUCl、MUC2、MUC5AC）在胰腺超声内镜细针穿刺（EUS-FNA）组织标本中的表达，评价其对胰腺癌辅助诊断的价值。方法 收集54例胰腺占位病变的EUS-FNA组织标本，采用S-P免疫组化法检测粘蛋白（MUCl、MUC2、MUC5AC）的表达，根据临床综合判断的诊断，与细胞学检查结果比较，评价其诊断价值。结果 54例患者最后确诊为胰腺癌38例，胰腺良性肿瘤6例，慢性胰腺炎10例。细胞学和组织学的诊断敏感性分别为31．6％和47．4％。MUC1、MUC2、MUC5AC在胰腺癌EUS-FNA标本组织中的阳性表达率为81．6％（31／38）、10．5％（4／38）、84．2％（32／38），在胰腺良性疾病组织标本中分别25％（4／16）、31．3％（5／16）、43．8％（7／16），其中MUCl和MUC5AC两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。MUCl的表达与胰腺癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关。将细胞组织学检查结合MUCl和MUC5AC表达检测诊断胰腺癌的敏感性可提高至89．5％。结论胰腺EU$-FNA组织标本中MUCl、MUC5AC的检测对胰腺癌有临床辅助诊断价值，且MUCl还能预测胰腺癌的临床分期及淋巴结转移。     

超声内镜引导细针穿刺对胰腺占位病变诊断的影响因素

超声内镜及其引导的细针穿刺技术已广泛用于胰腺疾病的诊断，但仍存在一定的误诊和漏诊。研究表明，穿刺针及活检钳、穿刺方法、超声内镜辅助技术、标本的实时评估及病理学标准等因素均可影响超声内镜穿刺对胰腺占位病变的诊断效能。本文就上述影响超声内镜引导细针穿刺对胰腺病变诊断的因素作一综述。     

粗针穿刺活检术在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨粗针穿刺活检术在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用Trucut活检针，对168例甲状腺疾病患者进行经皮穿刺甲状腺活检(CNB)。结果 穿刺成功率96．4％，病理确诊率98．8％，临床和病理诊断符合率为67．9％，纠正率32．1％。且无任何并发症。结论 CNB是一种全面准确诊断甲状腺疾病的安全、可靠的方法，并为正确指导治疗提供重要依据。     

胰腺癌内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检物中肿瘤标志物检测价值研究

目的 探讨检测内镜超声引导下细针穿刺(EUS-FNA)活检物中CEA、CA19-9常用肿瘤标志物对胰腺癌诊断的价值.方法 2004年6月至2006年1月间的65例胰腺癌患者和25例慢性胰腺炎患者行EUS-FNA,采用电化学发光法对EUS-FNA活检物的离心上清进行CEA、CA19-9检测,并与该患者外周静脉血清中的CEA、CA19-9进行对比和分析.随后对临床可疑胰腺癌而EUS-FNA病理学检测阴性的12例的病例进行随访,观察该方法诊断胰腺癌的敏感性.结果 (1)胰腺癌患者中EUS-FNA标本中CEA和CA19-9均高于血清(P＜0.01).慢性胰腺炎患者EUS-FNA标本与血清中的CEA(P=0.122)和CA19-9(P=0.035)都没有明显差别.(2)对于EUS-FNA标本,胰腺癌中的CEA、CA19-9高于慢性胰腺炎(P＜0.01).对于血清标本,慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌中的CEA没有明显差别(P=0.079),胰腺癌中的CA19-9高于慢性胰腺炎患者(P＜0.01).(3)12例可疑胰腺癌随访后确诊10例为胰腺癌,2例为慢性胰腺炎.对于胰腺癌的诊断,血清CEA的敏感性为30%,血清CA19-9为70%;EUS-FNA活检物中CEA和CA19-9的预测敏感性均为90%.结论 胰腺癌EUS-FNA活检物中的CEA、CA19-9对提高胰腺癌诊断的敏感性具有较高的临床实用价值,为提高胰腺癌的诊断率提供了一种新的方法.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断上消化道壁外占位性病变的价值

目的 探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)在上消化道壁外占位性病变(胰腺、纵隔、腹膜后占位)诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结行EUS-FNA检查的33例胰腺占位、25例纵隔占位和13例腹膜后占位患者的临床资料,以手术病理或6个月临床随访结果作为最终诊断,统计EUS-FNA对不同分类上消化道壁外恶性占位诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率.结果 EUS-FNA诊断上消化道壁外恶性占位的总体敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为82.2％(37/45)、100.0％(26/26)、100.0％(37/37)、76.5％(26/34)、88.7％(63/71),且分别诊断胰腺、纵隔、腹膜后恶性占位的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率均较高.病灶直径＞3 cm恶性占位EUS-FNA诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为81.0％(17/21)、100.0％(13/13)、100.0％(17/17)、76.5％(13/17)、88.2％(30/34),病灶直径≤3 cm恶性占位的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为83.3％(20/24)、100.0％(13/13)、100.0％ (20/20)、76.5％ (13/17)、89.2％(33/37),两者比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).71例患者均未出现出血、穿孔、胰腺炎、胰瘘及感染、胸痛、气胸等并发症.结论 EUS-FNA是一种安全、准确、有效地诊断上消化道壁外占位性病变的方法,且诊断准确率不受病灶大小的影响.     

常规经支气管镜针吸活检与超声引导下经支气管镜针吸活检对纵隔病变诊断的比较

目的 比较常规经支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)和超声引导下经支气管镜肺活检(EBUS-TBNA)在同等条件下对纵隔病变的诊断的准确率及并发症的发生率等.方法 收集2008年10月至2009年10月广东省顺德第一人民医院呼吸科因胸部CT提示纵隔病变进行活检的患者95例,其中男65例,女30例,年龄13～85岁,平均(56±16)岁.所有患者于局部麻醉下行支气管镜,对172组纵隔病变先进行常规TBNA,后进行EBUS-TBNA,比较两者穿刺活检的阳性率、组织标本获取率及血管损伤率.结果 95例中确诊为恶性病变者71例,其中常规TBNA确诊65例,诊断阳性率为92%;EBUS-TBNA确诊68例,诊断阳性率为96%.172组病灶中,常规TBNA穿刺阳性结果为108组,总阳性率为63%(108/172),而EBUS-TBNA阳性结果为112组,总阳性率为65%(112/172).常规TBNA和EBUS-TBNA对纵隔良、恶性病变的诊断无明显差异,但EBUS-TBNA获取组织标本的成功率(39/95)高于常规TBNA(22/95).常规TBNA误伤血管7例,略高于EBUS-TBNA(3例).但差异无统计学意义.结论 在熟练掌握操作技术和方法后,两种方法均可获得满意的穿刺结果,操作者可选择性应用两种方法,做到优势互补.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the diagnostical yields and complication of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration ( TBNA ) and endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( EBUS-TBNA ) for the mediastium lesions under the same condition. Method Ninty-five patients with mediastinal lesions on chest CT were included. Bronchoscopy was performed under the local anesthesia, TBNA, EBUS-TBNA performed sequentially as a single combined procedure. Results Of the71 patients comfirmed to be malignant, the positive rate of TBNA was 92% ( 65/71 ), and 96% ( 68/71 )by EBUS-TBNA. There was no difference in malignant and benign lesions between conventional TBNA and EBUS-TBNA, but the success rate for obtaining adequate samples was higher by EBUS-TBNA ( 39/95 ) as compared to TBNA( 22/95 ). Accidental injury of the blood vessels occurred in 7 cases by TBNA as compared to 3 cases by EBUS-TBNA, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Satisfactory diagnostic yields can be obtained by either conventional TBNA or EBUS-TBNA in skilled hands.     

Prospective comparative study of the EUS guided 25-gauge FNA needle with the 19-gauge Trucut needle and 22-gauge FNA needle in patients with solid pancreatic masses

Background and Study Aims:  The aim of this prospective study was to compare fine-needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS-FNA) using 25-gauge and 22-gauge needles with the EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy (EUS-TNB) in patients with solid pancreatic mass.
Patients and Methods:  Twenty-four consecutive patients with pancreatic mass underwent biopsies by both EUS-FNA and EUS-TNB. Three needles were compared with respect to technical success rate, tissue size obtained, overall diagnostic accuracy and accuracy for histological and cytological diagnosis.
Results:  The 25-gauge EUS-FNA was technically easier and obtained superior overall diagnostic accuracy than the 22-gauge and Trucut needles, especially in lesions of the pancreas head and uncinate process. Overall accuracy for the 25-gauge, 22-gauge and Trucut needle was 91.7%, 79.7% and 54.1%, respectively. Accuracy for cytological diagnosis irrespective the site of lesions with 25-gauge, 22-gauge and Trucut needles was 91.7%, 75.0%, and 45.8%, respectively. For uncinate masses, it was 100%, 33.3%, and 0.0%, respectively. These differences were significant. Among technically successful patients, the accuracy for histological diagnosis using the 25-gauge was significantly inferior ( P  < 0.05) to 22-gauge and Trucut needles and the rates were 45.8%, 78.9% and 83.3%.
Conclusions:  The 25-gauge FNA needle was significantly superior in terms of technical success rate and overall diagnostic accuracy, especially for the head and uncinate lesions, compared to the 22-gauge and Trucut needles and could be considered 'the best choice needle for cytological diagnosis' of solid pancreatic lesions. If histological diagnosis is required, the 22-gauge FNA needle and Trucut needle may be advantageous for use in head/uncinate and body/tail lesions, respectively.     

Computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic tumor diagnosis

AIM: To evaluate the techniques, results, and complications related to computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions.METHODS: CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions performed at a cancer reference center between January 2012 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsy material was collected with a 16-20 G Tru-Core needle(10-15 cm; Angiotech, Vancouver, CA) using a coaxial system and automatic biopsy gun. When direct access to the lesion was not possible, indirect(transgastric or transhepatic) access or hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection maneuvers were used. Characteristics of the patients, lesions, procedures, and histologic results were recorded using a standardized form. RESULTS: A total of 103 procedures included in the study were performed on patients with a mean age of 64.8 year(range: 39-94 year). The mean size of the pancreatic lesions was 45.5 mm(range: 15-195 mm). Most(75/103, 72.8%) procedures were performed via direct access, though hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection were used in 22.2%(23/103) of cases and indirect transhepatic or transgastric access was used in 4.8%(5/103) of cases. Histologic analysis was performed on all biopsies, and diagnoses were conclusive in 98.1%(101/103) of cases, confirming3.9%(4/103) of tumors were benign and 94.2%(97/103) were malignant; results were atypical in 1.9%(2/103) of cases, requiring a repeat biopsy to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor, and surgical resection to confirm a primary adenocarcinoma. Only mild/moderate complications were observed in 9/103 patients(8.7%),and they were more commonly associated with biopsies of lesions located in the head/uncinate process(n =8), than of those located in the body/tail(n = 1) of the pancreas, but this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: CT-guided biopsy of a pancreatic lesion is a safe procedure with a high success rate, and is an excellent option for minimally invasive diagnosis.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

目的 通过超声内镜结合细针穿刺活检确定胰腺占位病变的性质，并评价该法对胰腺病变的诊断价值。方法 对经CT、MRI、体表腹部超声及内镜超声发现的23例胰腺局限性占位病变进行内镜超声检查，以明确病变大小、形态、位置，并观察有无淋巴结转移。在内镜超声引导下对病变行细针穿刺活检。结果 23例患者中，21例得到了充足的细胞量，15例得到组织块，12例最终确定为胰腺肿瘤的患者，经组织细胞学检查10例为阳性（其中胰腺癌8例；胰腺囊腺瘤癌1例；无功能神经内分泌肿瘤1例），敏感性为83％，特异性为100％。全部结果经手术（16例）及临床随访（7例）证实。无1例出现不良反应。结论 超声内镜结合细针穿刺是诊断胰腺病变安全、有效的方法。     

超声引导经皮消融治疗肝细胞癌的临床运用

超声引导经皮消融治疗肿瘤的临床应用日益广泛,它在肝细胞癌(HCC)的治疗中最为成熟和作用最为显著有其内在原因.首先,肝脏及其局部病变在超声下显像良好,人路容易,疗效确实;其次,HCC的治疗难点一是患者多有肝功能损害,难以耐受侵袭度大的治疗方式,二是肿瘤有高度的复发倾向,需要反复多次治疗.经皮消融治疗的微创性、简便性恰好能对应这些难点.     

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of histological evaluation of pancreatic tissue samples obtained by a modified method for recovering and processing the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) material in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid masses.METHODS Sixty-two consecutive patients with pancreatic masses were prospectively studied. EUS was performed by the linear scanning Pentax FG-38UX echoendoscope. Three FNAs (22G needle) were carried out during each procedure. The materials obtained with first and second punctures were processed for cytological study. Materials of the third puncture were recovered into 10% formol solution by careful injection of saline solution through the needle, and processed for histological study.RESULTS Length of the core specimen obtained for histological analysis was 6.5 5.3 mm (range 1-22 mm).Cytological and histological samples were considered as adequate in 51 (82.3%) and 52 cases (83.9%), respectively. Overall sensitivity of both pancreatic cytology and histology for diagnosis of malignancy was 68.4%. Contrary to cytology, histology was able to diagnose tumours other than adenocarcinomas, and all cases of inflammatory masses. Combination of cytology and histology allowed obtaining an adequate sample in 56 cases (90.3%),with a global sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 100%and an overall accuracy of 90.32%. The complication rate was 1.6%.CONCLUSION Adequate pancreatic core specimens for histological examination can be obtained by EUS-guided FNA. This technique is mainly useful for the diagnosis of different types of pancreatic tumours and evaluation of benign diseases.     

CT引导下切割针经皮肺活检诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺活检的诊断价值。方法将90例分为:肿块组60例,炎症组30例,并经皮肺活检。结果 90个病例中,明确诊断77例(恶性肿瘤35例,非恶性病变36/例),未确诊19例。肿块组,明确诊51例(恶性肿瘤31例,非恶性病变20例),未确诊9例。炎症组,明确诊断20例(恶性肿瘤4例,非恶性病变16例),未确诊10例。肿块组明确诊断率明显高于炎症组,两组对比有显著差异,(P=0.045)。肿块组中的恶性肿瘤诊断率明显高于炎症组,两者有显著差异(P=0.001)。并发症6人(气胸4人,咯血2人)。结论经皮肺活检能明显提高诊断率。     

模拟定位下经皮肺活检对周围型肺块影的诊断价值

目的 探讨肺部周围型病变经皮肺活检的诊断价值。方法 对痰细胞学阴性、纤支镜不能确诊的68例肺部周围型病变患者，在模拟定位下经皮肺穿刺活检取材。结果 68例均一次活检成功；64例获阳性结果，阳性率94％(64／68)；4例获阴性结果，阴性率6％(4／68)，其中3例为假阴性．假阴性率4．4％(3／68)。并发症发生率6％，少量气胸2例，术后咯血1例，术后胸痛及呼吸困难1例。结论 模拟定位下经皮肺活检是一种安全、有效的检查手段，对肺部周围型病变具有较高的诊断价值。     

Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration vs fine needle biopsy for pancreatic masses,subepithelial lesions,and lymph nodes

Endoscopic ultrasound tissue acquisition, in the form of both fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB), is utilized for pancreatic mass lesions, subepithelial lesions, and lymph node biopsy. Both procedures are safe and yield high diagnostic value. Despite its high diagnostic yield, EUS-FNA has potential limitations associated with cytological aspirations, including inability to determine histologic architecture, and a small quantitative sample for further immunohistochemical staining. EUS-FNB, with its larger core biopsy needle, was designed to overcome these potential limitations. However, it remains unclear which technique should be used and for which lesions. Comparative trials are plagued by heterogeneity at every stage of comparison; including variable needles used, and different definitions of endpoints, which therefore limit generalizability. Thus, we present a review of prospective trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on studies examining EUS-FNA vs EUS-FNB. Prospective comparative trials of EUS-FNA vs EUS-FNB primarily focus on pancreatic mass lesions, and yield conflicting results in terms of demonstrating the superiority of one method. However, consistent among trials is the potential for diagnosis with fewer passes, and a larger quantity of sample achieved for next generation sequencing. With regard to subepithelial lesions and lymph node biopsy, fewer prospective trials exist, and larger prospective studies are necessary. Based on the available literature, we would recommend EUS-FNB for peri-hepatic lymph nodes.     

不同定位方法经皮肺活检的临床价值

目的　对比研究模拟定位、CT定位、B超定位下的经皮肺活检在诊断周围性肺病变的临床价值。方法　将 15 0病人分为三组 (模拟定位组 6 8人、CT定位组 4 6人、B超定位组 36人 ) ,对不同方法定位下临床诊断价值进行分析。结果　模拟定位、CT定位组和 B超定位组活检成功率分别为 10 0 % ,97.6 % ,86 .1% ;病理诊断阳性率分别为 94 % ,85 .7% ,72 .2 % ;并发气胸的发生率为 2 .9% ,4 .8% ,13.9% ;假阴性率分别为 2 .9% ,7.1% ,9.5 %。结论　模拟定位、CT定位是经皮肺活检术两种较好的定位方法 ,明显优于 B超定位 ,值得在临床中应用。