鼠胚和新生大鼠心房肌心房肽免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学方法研究了鼠胚和新生大鼠含心房肽免疫反应颗粒的心房肌细胞的发生和分布。结果表明,心房肽免疫反应颗粒出现于胚13天的少数心房肌细胞。随胚胎发育,含免疫反应颗粒的心房肌细胞增多,胞质内反应颗粒也增多,它们主要位于细胞核周围。大部分含反应颗粒的心房肌细胞分布在心房腔侧的小梁内,而在心外膜侧则逐渐减少。无反应颗粒的肌细胞主要位于靠心房外膜侧和房间隔内。本文的结果提示,心房肌细胞的特殊分化在胚胎早期业已开始,在发育过程中,有些细胞分化成心房肽免疫反应阳性细胞,有些细胞仍为心房肽免疫反应阴性。这种分化特点可能与心房的功能发育有关。     

大白鼠心脏心房肽免疫组织化学研究

利用免疫组织化学方法,观察了大白鼠心脏心房肽免疫活性物质的分布。心房肽免疫反应颗粒存在于大部分心房肌细胞内,以核周肌浆部最为丰富。右、左心耳的肌细胞,有较强的免疫反应。右心房的大多数细胞,常含有较多的免疫反应颗粒,而且免疫反应阳性细胞较多。部分心房肌细胞不含有免疫反应颗粒,主要位于左房背侧壁、房间隔和冠状窦等部位。     

大鼠胚心房肌细胞分化发育的超微结构研究

本文在电子显微镜下,观察11～19天大鼠胚和新生大鼠心房肌的分化及发育,着重观察了心房特殊颗粒在鼠胚心房肌的发生和分布。胚11天时,未见心房肌细胞含特殊颗粒。12天时,少数心房肌出现特殊颗粒。随胚胎发育,这种颗粒在细胞内数量增加,体积变大。细胞分裂时,特殊颗粒不消失。第12天以后的鼠胚,在电镜下可区分含特殊颗粒和不含特殊颗粒的两种心房肌细胞,前者有较发达的高尔基复合体和粗面内质网。随胚胎发育,两种细胞的肌原纤维和线粒体均增多,渐趋成熟。     

一种新的心源性激素——心钠素前体原56-92样免疫反应活性物质的免疫组织化学定位及其与心钠素的关系

心钠素前体原_(56-92)(PreproANF_(56-92))和心钠素(ANF)的PAP法和ABC法免疫组织化学(?)色,显示大鼠心房存在大量PreproANF_(56-92)样免疫反应活性物质颗粒,其中大多数堆积在心房肌细胞核两端,呈极性分布,在胞膜下的胞质也有散在颗粒可见。心室和进出心房的血管均为阴性反应。在干渴5天的大鼠心房内,这些颗粒没有发生明显的变化。在个别正常的鸡和蟾蜍的心房,也有这些免疫反应颗粒存在,但数量较少。在心房肌细胞内,PreproANF_(56-92)与ANF样免疫反应颗粒都存在,在分布定位上基本一致。因此,本实验结果表明,PreproANF_(56-92)与ANF,共存于心房肌细胞的分泌颗粒内,具有共同的来源。PreproANF_(56-92)可能是心钠素前体裂解产生的一种新的心源性激素。     

大鼠心壁内CGRP阳性肥大细胞定位及分布研究

本文用免疫细胞化学方法及甲苯胺蓝染色法,研究大鼠心壁内肥大细胞降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)样免疫反应物质以及含这类物质的肥大细胞在心壁内的分布.发现部分肥大细胞含有降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应物质.含这类物质的肥大细胞约占甲苯胺蓝染色肥大细胞数的13.5%,细胞直径多在8～15μm,心房后壁多于心室壁,t检验结果表明二者差异显著(P<0.001),这种分布特点与甲苯胺蓝染色的肥大细胞分布相一致.由于对照组均为阴性,排除了假阳性的可能.文中对心壁内这种细胞的有关问题进行了讨论.     

脑缺血及再灌流大鼠右心耳肌细胞特殊颗粒变化的超微结构观察

本文观察了大鼠脑缺血及再灌流后右心耳心房肌细胞顶粒超微结构变化，结果发现，脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ组肌细胞内特殊颗粒的分布密度较假手术明显减小，分布区域由集中于核周变为散布于肌膜下，并于间质内出现颗粒。     

自发性高血压大鼠右心房免疫组织化学研究

心房肽是近年从心房肌提取的一类新的多肽。为了探讨其在高血压病发病中可能的作用,我们应用免疫组织化学方法观察了自发性高血压大鼠(sHR)的右心耳和右房腹侧璧心房肽免疫反应颗粒的分布,并且与对照组(WKY品系大鼠)相应部位进行了比较。实验组和对照组大鼠各8只。测定清醒状态下自发性高血压大鼠的血压范围     

脑缺血及再灌流大鼠右心耳肌细胞特殊颗粒变化的超微结构观察

本文观察了大鼠脑缺血及再灌流后右心耳心房肌细胞特殊颗粒超微结构变化,结果发现:脑缺血30min组肌细胞内特殊颗粒的分布密度较假手术组明显减小,分布区域由集中于核周变为散布于肌膜下,并于间质内出现裸颗粒.不同时程的再灌流组特殊颗粒的分布密度在24h内与缺血30min组无明显差异,以后随再灌流时间的延长而增高,至再灌流7d组增高最显著,但仍未达到假手术组密度.提示脑缺血及再灌流与心钠素的贮存部位——心房肌细胞特殊颗粒有密切关系.     

大白鼠心脏心房肽免疫荧光组织化学研究

心房肽是从心房组织中提取、分离、纯化的一类活性肽,它具有利尿、利钠等作用。我们利用免疫荧光组织化学方法,观察了大白鼠心脏壁内心房肽免疫荧光物质的定位和分布。注意到心房肽免疫荧光物质,广泛存在于心房肌细胞内,以核周肌浆部为丰富,亦可见于肌原纤维之间或肌膜下;右心     

心房特殊颗粒的超微结构研究

本研究对大鼠、家兔、人体、鸡四个种属的心房特殊颗粒进行了电镜观察,其结果是 1.四个种属心房肌细胞内普遍存在这种颗粒,但人体、家兔、大鼠心室肌细胞内无此种颗粒,而鸡心室肌细胞内却有类似颗粒。2.此种颗粒与高尔基氏体的小管或小泡在结构上有移行关系,这就给颗粒是来源于高尔基氏体的观点提供了新的形态学证据。3.颗粒外膜有连续溶解的现象,说明颗粒内含物的排放可能是通过膜溶解的形式释放到胞浆里,然后再以某种形式输运到全身而发挥其生理作用的。     

The distribution of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP)-containing cells in the adult rat heart

Summary The present study was performed to clarify the distribution of ANP-containing cells in the adult rat heart by immunostaining for ANP using antiserum against -human ANP. ANP-immunoreactive cells were generally present in the atrial walls except for the sinoatrial node. In the ventricular walls, they were distributed in the impulse conducting system, particularly the left bundle branch, Purkinje fibers on the left side of the interventricular septum, and those in the false tendons in the left ventricle, while they were sporadically seen in the atrioventricular node and bundle of His. The immunoreactive cells contained specific granules that were positive for ANP. These findings demonstrate that ANP-containing cells are present in the atrial and ventricular walls.     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE DOG MYOCARDIUM IN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION

The effects of the cardiopulmonary bypass circulation on the cardiac muscle cells were studied electron microscopically. Subendocardial hemorrhage was commonly recognized in both ventricles. However, it appeared earlier and more severely in the right ventricle than In the left ventricle. Clear flocculent areas containing numerous filamentoue structures were originated from degradation of myofibrils. Degradation of myofibrils occurred within 1 hour after bypass circulation. Degenerative changes of myocardial cells such as zonal lesions, contraction bands and swelling or condensation of mitochondria appeared in both ventricles. Damages of myocardial cells In right ventricular wall were more severer as compared with those in the left throughout the period of observation. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 435–445, 1977.     

Case report of a heart transplantation in a 16-year-old male

We examined ultrastructural changes and did immunohistochemical studies of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in biopsied samples obtained from the heart of a 16-year-old Japanese boy with dilated cardiomyopathy and from the transplanted donor heart. In the right ventricle of the diseased heart, a small number of atrial granules containing ANP were found in the perinuclear area of the cardiomyocytes and near areas lacking some myofibrils. Although no evidence of rejection was seen in the right ventricle of the transplanted donor heart under the light microscope, electron microscopy revealed moderate degeneration of cardiomyocytes and injuries to capillary endothelial cells. We did not find atrial granules, although the serum ANP level was elevated. These data suggest that the ultrastructural changes in the transplanted heart were related to a mild rejection, the effects of cyclosporin, or the effects of a domino heart transplantation from a patient with cystic fibrosis. Because of the absence of atrial granules in the right venticle, it is postulated that the high serum ANP level may be attributed to merely an increased secretion of ANP from atrial granules in the atria, without secretion of ANP in the ventricles.     

性激素对小鼠第三脑室壁表面微细结构的影响——扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察了NMRI小鼠第三脑室壁表面的微细结构和性激素对这些结构的影响。第三脑室壁可分为满布纤毛的背外侧部和以微绒毛为主的腹底部以及两者之间的过渡区。正中隆起区的室管膜表面缺乏纤毛和微绒毛,但有许多泡状结构,雌激素可使其明显增大,摘除卵巢则使之变小并与雄性者相似。泡状结构破裂后,向室腔排出微粒状物质,雌激素有促进此种微粒排出的作用。促垂体区的室管膜细胞具有较长的微绒毛,摘除卵巢可使其数目减少,给以雌激素则使其明显增多。微绒毛减少是细胞体积增大的结果,表明摘除卵巢可加强室管膜细胞的吸收功能。在乳头体前区,于微绒毛之间常有散在的小气球状结构,雌激素可使它们明显增大,数目增多,其机能意义不明。还见到一些室管膜上细胞的波浪状胞膜在细胞的一侧伸展很长,表明至少有一部分室管膜上细胞具有吞噬细胞功能,有迹象表明此种细胞穿过室管膜而进入脑室。     

Reversibility of exercise-induced translocation of Na+-K+ pump subunits to the plasma membrane in rat skeletal muscle

The aim of our study was to clarify whether atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides and the hypotensive peptide adrenomedullin (ADM) are regulated differently in the rat heart in the two-kidney, one-clip model of renovascular hypertension. We assessed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) abundance and distribution of ANP, BNP and ADM in the ventricles and atria of rats after unilateral renal artery stenosis (clipping). Rats were clipped for 6 h or 1, 2 or 4 days and mRNA levels were assessed semiquantitatively in left and right atria and ventricles by RNase protection assay. Left ventricular BNP mRNA up-regulation (4.3-fold after 6 hours) preceded ANP up-regulation (4.5-fold after 1 day) and seemed to be transient, whereas ANP mRNA levels were still elevated at day 4 (2.4-fold vs. sham). The right ventricle and the atria did not participate in these responses. Despite the massive changes of natriuretic peptide mRNAs, ADM mRNA did not change in either the ventricles or the atria. In contrast to ANP and BNP mRNA, which predominate in atrial tissue, mRNA for adrenomedullin is equally distributed in ventricles and atria. Plasma levels of immunoreactive (ir)-ANP and ir-BNP changed in parallel with left ventricular mRNA levels. Our findings suggest that renovascular hypertension induced by clipping the renal artery leads to immediate, but independent, up-regulation of ANP and BNP mRNA in the left ventricle whereas adrenomedullin mRNA is not changed.     

大鼠第3脑室壁后叶加压素神经元的分布

采用未处理与秋水仙素处理的免疫组织化学方法，结合扫描电镜对大鼠第３脑室壁后叶加压素神经元的分布进行了较系统的观察和研究。结果显示；秋水仙素处理后，后叶加压素免疫反应细胞明显增多，可分大中小三类。在脑室各个平面均可见后后叶加压互免疫反应细胞，其中以室旁核平面为主，首次发现在交叉后区和正中隆起平面亦有散在的后叶加压素免疫后应细胞。     

大鼠心肌细胞心钠素的免疫电镜定位研究

心钠素是一种由心脏分泌的激素,具有利钠、利尿等多种重要的生理功能。本文应用先进的免疫金技术,在电镜水平上对心钠素在大鼠心肌细胞中的定位和分布进行了探讨。观察结果表明,心钠素分泌颗粒呈圆形,有单位膜包绕,直径约在200-500nm之间,分布于心房肌细胞的肌浆内,尤以核旁最为多见。其次,在肌原纤维间及肌膜下亦可见到。大鼠心钠素与α-人心钠素有完全交叉反应。本文观察结果为今后利用大鼠作为动物模型,深入开展心钠素的研究提供了参考材料。