甘附冲剂对维拉帕米致大鼠心动过缓的影响

目的：观察甘附冲剂对维拉帕米致大鼠心动过缓的影响,并初步探讨其抗心动过缓可能的作用机制。方法：采用静脉注射（iv）维拉帕米（Ver）制备心动过缓模型,比较ivVer前后大鼠心率的变化,制备心肌匀浆,用Green法测定一氧化氮（NO）的含量,用硫代巴比妥法测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：甘附冲剂在ivVer后2min对大鼠心率减慢有明显的抑制作用（P〈0.05）;90、270mg·kg^-1甘附冲剂可明显地抑制大鼠心肌组织中NO含量的升高（P〈0.05）;30、90mg·kg^-1甘附冲剂可明显地抑制大鼠心肌组织中MDA含量的降低（P〈0.01）。结论：甘附冲剂有明显的抗Ver致心动过缓作用,其抗心动过缓的作用可能与调节心肌组织中NO的含量在适度水平有关。     

三七总皂苷对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌肥厚的保护作用

目的:研究三七总皂苷(total saponins of panax notoginseng,PNS)对异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚的保护作用.方法:用异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)5 mg·kg-1·d-1,sc,连续7 d,建立大鼠心肌肥厚模型.造模第二天开始给大鼠腹腔注射PNS25和50 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续14 d,测定全心重量指数(HW/BW)、左心室重量指数(LVW/BW即LVI);采用试剂盒用分光光度法检测左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,及Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -ATP酶活性;用放免分析法检测左心室心肌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量.结果:ISO模型组大鼠的HW/BW、LVI明显升高;左心室Hyp、AngⅡ含量增高,NO水平下降,Na -K -ATP酶和Ca -ATP酶活性降低.PNS能明显提高心肌组织NO水平及Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -ATP酶活性,降低胶原的含量,抑制AngⅡ产生,使HW/BW及LVI下降,抑制心肌肥厚.结论:PNS对ISO所致大鼠心肌肥厚具有保护作用.     

电针对心动过缓大鼠心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量的影响

目的观察电针对心动过缓大鼠心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针内关治疗组(电针治疗组),电针列缺对照组(电针对照组)4组。以盐酸普萘洛尔悬液灌胃制备心动过缓大鼠模型,电针治疗组针刺大鼠双侧内关穴,电针对照组针刺大鼠双侧列缺穴。分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法测定心肌组织中的SOD、MDA的含量。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠心率明显减慢,Q-T间期明显延长,心肌组织中SOD含量明显下降,MDA含量明显升高,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。经电针内关及电针列缺穴治疗后,大鼠心率明显增快,Q-T间期明显缩短,心肌组织中SOD含量明显升高,MDA含量明显降低,与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。电针治疗组与电针对照组比较,前者显著优于后者(P<0.05)。结论电针内关穴可通过调节心肌组织中SOD、MDA的含量,减轻氧自由基对心肌组织的损害,从而发挥对心律失常的防治作用。     

小檗碱对L-甲状腺素诱发大鼠心肌肥厚的保护作用

【目的】研究小檗碱对皮下注射L-甲状腺素所致心肌肥厚模型大鼠心血管功能的影响。【方法】SD大鼠皮下注射L-甲状腺素制备心肌肥厚模型，小檗碱分别按5、10、20mg／kg灌胃给药，连续2周。期间监测动物血压；给药6周后，经左心室插管测量心功能；取心肌组织和血清测定NO含量。【结果】小檗碱5、10、20mg／kg均可显著降低L-甲状腺素模型大鼠的血压；小檗碱10mg／kg可减慢心率（HR），降低左心室最大收缩压（LVSP），升高左心室舒张末期压力（LVEDP），降低最大收缩速率（＋dp／dtmax）；降低组织胶原含量（P〈0．05）；增加NO含量（P〈0．001）；抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活力（P〈0．01）。【结论】小檗碱对L-甲状腺素诱导的心肌肥厚模型大鼠的血压升高及心功能障碍有保护作用。     

福辛普利和左旋氨氯地平对高盐饮食下自发性高血压大鼠SBP、左心室肥厚、NO及ET-1水平的影响

目的 观察福辛普利和左旋氨氯地平对高盐饮食下自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)收缩压(SBP)、左心室肥厚(LVH)、一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素-1(ET-1)水平的影响.方法 将40只8周龄SHR随机分为5组(n=8),即对照组、高盐对照组、福辛普利组、左旋氨氯地平组及联合治疗组.除对照组给予含0.9%氯化钠饲料喂养外,其余4组大鼠均给予含4%氯化钠饲料喂养8周.在第5周起各组按照0.01 mL·g-1等体积0.9%氯化钠灌胃4周.福辛普利组:按剂量4 mg·kg-1·d-1;左旋氨氯地平组:按剂量1 mg·kg-1·d-1;联合治疗组:福辛普利4 mg·kg-1·d-1,左旋氨氯地平1 mg·kg-1·d-1.每周测量SBP、体质量、心率1次,8周后通过放血处死全部SHR,计算左心室质量指数(LVMI),放免法测定血清及心肌ET-1含量,化学法检测血清及心肌NO水平.结果 与高盐对照组比较,左旋氨氯地平组能明显降低高盐饮食下SHR的SBP,增加血清NO的含量,减少心肌组织ET-1含量和LVMI(均P<0.01);福辛普利组能明显降低高盐饮食下SHR心肌组织ET-1含量和LVMI(P＜0.05或P<0.01),但无明显降低SBP作用;联合治疗组能更明显降低SBP和LVMI(均P<0.01).结论 左旋氨氯地平与福辛普利均能降低高盐饮食下SHR SBP作用,机制可能与血清NO含量的升高有关;抑制LVH的作用机制可能与心肌组织ET-1含量降低有关.     

过氧化脂质对大鼠心血管系统的毒性作用

用含过氧化脂质的脂质体股静脉注射后,大鼠平均动脉压,心率和LV dp/dt_max均显著降低,氧化脂质体灌流离体大鼠心脏引起LVdp/dt_max和左室峰值收缩压显著降低,心率进行性减慢,左室峰值舒张压进行性升高,心脏挛缩以致停搏。上述体内、外实验心肌MDA含量都显著增加。结果证实,脂质过氧化物有显著的心血管抑制和损伤作用,可能参与了休克、心肌缺血的发病过程。     

大豆异黄酮对压力负荷性大鼠心肌肥厚的影响

目的:研究大豆异黄酮(soybeanisoflavones,SI)对压力负荷心肌肥厚大鼠心室重构的保护作用及其机制.方法:采用膈下腹主动脉缩窄法制备大鼠心肌肥厚模型.造模后大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、SI(30、60、120 mg·kg-1)治疗组;4WK后处死大鼠,测量大鼠全心重量指数(HW/BW)和左心室重量指数(LVW/BW即LVI),左心室组织切片HE染色后测心肌纤维直径(MD);分光光度法检测左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力;用放免分析法检测血浆和左心室心肌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量.结果:模型组大鼠的HW/BW、LVI、MD明显增大;左心室Hyp含量、诱生型NOS(iNOS)活性和血浆及左心室AngⅡ含量明显增高;NO水平和结构性NOS(CNOS)活性显著降低.SI能显著提高心肌组织中的NO含量及CNOS活性,降低心肌组织iNOS活性;明显抑制血浆及心肌组织AngⅡ和胶原的产生;减轻心脏重量参数(HW/BW、LVI)及MD,抑制心肌肥厚.结论:SI对腹主动脉缩窄所致心肌肥厚大鼠心室重构具有一定的保护作用,其机制与升高NO含量、抑制AngⅡ产生有关.     

枸杞多糖对异丙肾上腺素致心力衰竭大鼠的保护作用及其机制

目的探讨枸杞多糖对异丙肾上腺素致心力衰竭大鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素5mg.kg-1.d-1,连续给药7d,建立心力衰竭模型,观察枸杞多糖灌胃给予大鼠30d,对心力衰竭大鼠心功能、心肌损伤标志酶和抗氧化酶的影响。结果枸杞多糖（50、100和200mg.kg-1）可降低心力衰竭大鼠血清心肌损伤标志酶心肌肌钙蛋白（cTn-I）,改善心率;升高收缩压、左心室收缩压（LVSP）和左心室内压最大上升速率（＋LVdP/dtmax）,改善左心室收缩功能;升高左心室内压最大下降速率（!LVdP/dtmax）,改善左心室舒张功能;提高血清和心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平,并相应降低脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结论枸杞多糖对心力衰竭大鼠具有保护作用,其机制与其提高机体抗氧化酶的作用有关。     

炙桂枝与肉桂对普萘洛尔致心动过缓大鼠Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性研究

目的:比较炙桂枝与肉桂对普萘洛尔所致心动过缓大鼠心率及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响,分析炙桂枝与肉桂在抗心动过缓中的作用机制及两者差异。方法:将70只大鼠随机分为炙桂枝组、炙桂枝模型组、肉桂组、肉桂模型组、空白组、普萘洛尔模型对照组,每组10只。连续给药7 d,以普萘洛尔造模,比较各组大鼠心率变化及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性。结果:炙桂枝组与肉桂组30 min心率减慢变化率较普萘洛尔模型对照组明显升高(P<0.01);炙桂枝模型组、肉桂模型组Na+-K+-ATP酶活性较普萘洛尔模型对照组高(P<0.01)。结论:炙桂枝与肉桂均能显著提高普萘洛尔致心动过缓的大鼠的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,以增加心率。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对小鼠缺氧损伤的影响及其机制研究

目的 研究盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)抗小鼠缺氧损伤的作用,并初步探讨其机制.方法 采用不同缺氧模型,实验随机分为对照组、PHC 0.04 mg·kg-1组、PHC0.12 mg·kg-1、PHC 0.36 mg· kg-1组.观察小鼠的存活时间,检测脑、心组织在缺氧环境下膜脂质过氧化、O2-和·OH含量的变化.结果 PHC可延长缺氧环境下小鼠的存活时间,降低脑、心组织的膜脂质过氧化产物,降低O2-和·OH的含量.结论 PHC可增强小鼠抗缺氧能力,从而对缺氧损伤具有保护作用,可能与抑制机体缺氧时脑、心组织的膜脂过氧化、清除氧自由基等有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.