牙髓损伤性刺激对三叉神经节中前速激肽原等mRNA的影响

目的：比较和分析急性牙髓炎和牙齿开髓刺激对三叉神经节中ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡ、β－ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ的影响。方法：利用斑点杂交分析方法。结果：开髓１ｈ后两种ｍＲＮＡ表达增高,２ｈ持续增高,４ｈ仍维持较高水平。炎症２ｈ组两种ｍＲＮＡ均有高表达,４ｈ组ｍＲＮＡ含量高于２ｈ组。任何一组的ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ杂交信号强于ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡ杂交信号。结论：两种刺激均增加三叉神经节中Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的合成     

牙髓损伤性刺激诱导大鼠三叉神经脊束尾侧亚核内P物质等多肽的表达

目的：比较、分析急性牙髓炎和牙齿开髓刺激后,三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Ｖｃ）内Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的变化。方法：利用免疫组织化学染色方法观察大鼠牙齿开髓后１ｈ、２ｈ、４ｈ和急性牙髓炎２ｈ、４ｈ组Ｖｃ内ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ免疫阳性纤维的变化。结果：开髓１ｈ组实验侧与对照侧相比,ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ免疫阳性纤维减少,其余各组的实验侧与对照侧无显著差异。结论：两种刺激均引起Ｖｃ内三叉神经末梢释放ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ。     

牙髓中的P物质,降钙素基因相关肽

神经肽(ncuropeptides)是体内传递信息的多肽,主要分布于神经组织,也分布于其它组织.同一种神经肽按其分布不同可能起递质(transmitter),调质(modulator) 或激素(hormone)样作用.近十多年来神经生物学领域中最重要的进展之一是对神经肽的研究.P物质(Substance P,SP)与降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-related peptide,CGRP)同属神经肽类,其神经末稍中枢端止于脊髓背角,外周端止于内脏器官和皮肤粘膜等组织.SP和CGRP亦存在于大多数的口腔组织中,在牙髓中的含量相当高.最近的研究表明它们可能在牙髓的炎症和愈合过程中起重要的作用.     

P物质、降钙素基因相关肽调节牙髓微循环的机制

刺激牙齿和电刺激下牙槽神经干诱发牙髓血管扩张现象的机制尚不清楚。随着对Ｐ物质 (ＳＰ)、降钙素基因相关肽 (ＣＧＲＰ)在牙髓中的分布、释放特点和药理作用的认识 ,现已明了刺激牙齿和下牙槽神经干后牙髓组织发生的充血性变化与ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ有重要联系。1　牙髓ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ能感觉神经纤维传出功能的证据感觉神经具有传入功能 ,兴奋后将信息向中枢方向传导。此外感觉神经还有传出功能 ,将兴奋逆传导方向传向外周 ,向外周组织释放神经活性物质 ,在局部组织中发挥生物学效应。牙髓组织中有丰富的ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ能感觉神经纤维。大量的…     

牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽和P物质的研究现状

近十年来,国内外学者对牙髓组织中CGRP和SP两种神经肽作了比较深入的研究。本文就降钙素基因相关肽CGRP、P物质（SP）阳性纤维在牙髓组织中的分布、CGRP和SP在牙髓组织中的作用,以及牙髓组织中这两种神经肽的临床意义作了简要综述。指出这两种神经肽在炎症、损伤、咬合创伤等情况下,参与牙髓组织的病理改变。     

牙髓损伤性刺激诱导大鼠三叉神经脊束尾侧亚核内P物质等 …

目的 比较,分析急性牙髓炎和牙齿开髓刺激后,三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Ｖｃ）内Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的变化。方法 利用免疫组织化学染色方法观察大鼠牙齿开髓后１ｈ,２ｈ４ｈ和急性牙髓炎２ｈ,４ｈ组Ｖｃ内ＳＰ,ＣＧＲＰ的免疫阳性纤维的变化,结果 开髓１ｈ组实验侧与对照侧相比,ＳＰ,ＣＧＲＰ免疫阳性纤维减少,其余各组的实验侧与对照侧无显著差异,结论：两种刺激均引起Ｖｃ的三叉神经末梢释放     

咬合创伤牙髓组织病理变化的研究

近年来，咬合创伤引起牙髓炎或急性牙髓反应，已经日益受到临床的重视；然而，有关咬合创伤造成牙髓组织病理变化的研究献并不多见。咬合创伤引起牙髓组织哪些病理变化，以及对牙髓组织产生什么结果，本就此方面的国内外研究现状进行综述。     

机械性刺激对大鼠牙髓中P物质神经纤维表达的影响

目的：观察大鼠牙齿硬组织在受到不同程度机械损伤刺激时,牙髓中P物质神经纤维的表达,探讨机械性损伤刺激与神经肽P物质的关系。方法：采用间接免疫荧光法观察大鼠牙齿硬组织损伤时牙髓P物质神经纤维的表达情况。结果：随着机械性损伤程度加深,牙髓中P物质神经纤维末梢膨大、数量发生变化（P〈0.05）。结论：牙齿在受到不同程度机械性损伤刺激时,牙髓内P物质神经纤维表达发生变化。     

咬合创伤牙髓组织中CGRP免疫阳性纤维的变化

目的：探讨胶合创伤对牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。方法：利用免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠牙齿在咬合创伤后1天、3天、7天、15天、1个月等不同实验期牙髓组织中CGRP免疫阳性纤维的变化。结果：咬合创伤引起大鼠牙髓组织中CGRP免疫反应阳性纤维出现形态、分布、密度的改变。结论：咬合创伤可使牙髓组织中的神经末梢释放CGRP、CGRP可能参与了创伤所致的牙髓炎症及修复过程。     

咬合创伤去除前后牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的变化

目的 研究咬合创伤对牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide，CGRP)阳性神经纤维的影响，以及去除咬合创伤后牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维的恢复情况。方法 利用免疫组织化学方法，观察咬合创伤去除前后不同时期大鼠实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性神经纤维的变化。结果 咬合创伤期实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维与对照牙相比逐渐出现数量增多、密度增加及纤维增粗的改变，而去除咬合创伤期实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维恢复接近正常大鼠。结论 咬合创伤能够引起大鼠牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维出现形态、分布、密度的改变，而去除创伤后大鼠牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维恢复接近正常大鼠。     

YDM—1牙科电子麻醉仪引起Vc内SP,CGRP的变化

目的： 分析面部ＴＥＮＳ后,三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Ｖｃ）内Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的变化。方法：利用免疫组织化学染色方法观察大鼠面部ＴＥＮＳ后１、２、４ｈ,Ｖｃ 内ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ免疫阳性纤维的变化。结果：面部ＴＥＮＳ后１ｈ 实验侧与对照侧相比,ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ免疫阳性纤维减少,甚至有脱失现象,２ｈ组呈恢复趋势,４ｈ 组与对照侧无显著差异。结论：面部ＴＥＮＳ引起Ｖｃ 内三叉神经末梢大量释放ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ。     

A comparison of four extraction methods for substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide from human dental pulp tissue

Measuring neuropeptides in biological tissues by radioimmunoassay requires efficient extraction that maintains their immunoreactivity. Many different methods for extraction have been described, but there is little information on optimal extraction methods for individual neuropeptides from human dental pulp tissue. The aim was therefore to identify an effective extraction procedure for three pulpal neuropeptides; substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Tissue was obtained from 20 pulps taken from teeth freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons. The pulp samples were divided into four equal groups and different extraction methods were used for each group. Boiling whole pulp in acetic acid gave the highest overall yield and, in addition, offered an easy and rapid means of pulp tissue processing. The use of protease inhibitors did not increase the recovery of the immunoreactive neuropeptides but did provide the best combination of maximal recoveries and minimal variability. These results should be useful for planning the extraction of these neuropeptides from human pulp tissue in future studies.     

Substance P and CGRP expression in dental pulps with irreversible pulpitis

The purpose of this study was to compare substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in pulp tissue with clinically diagnosed symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Healthy pulps acted as controls. Five normal pulps and 40 with irreversible pulpitis (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic) were obtained from 45 different patients. SP and CGRP expression was determined by competition binding assays using enzyme immunoassay. anova and Mann–Whitney tests were used to ascertain if there were statistically significant differences between the groups. The results showed that neuropeptides were found in all pulp samples. The highest and the lowest expressions for SP and CGRP were found in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and healthy pulps groups, respectively. The differences between healthy pulps and the groups of pulps having irreversible pulpitis were significant (P < 0.001). Although Mann–Whitney's post-hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in CGRP expression between two pulpitis groups (P < 0.05), differences in SP expression between symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis groups were not significant. This study demonstrated that the expression of CGRP and SP is significantly higher in pulps with irreversible pulpitis compared with healthy pulps.     

正常人、龋病和牙髓炎患者牙髓组织中一氧化氮含量的检测分析

目的：对正常人、龋病和牙髓炎患者牙髓组织中一氧化氮（Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ，ＮＯ）含量进行检测，初步探讨ＮＯ在牙髓组织自身修复中的作用。方法：采用荧光分光光度法检测其中亚硝酸根（ＮＯ２－）含量，以间接确定ＮＯ含量。结果：正常牙髓组织中ＮＯ无性别差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），浅龋组与对照组ＮＯ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而深龋伴慢性牙髓炎组ＮＯ含量则显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：牙髓组织中ＮＯ含量的变化与其炎症反应有一定的联系，ＮＯ可能在牙髓炎症和自身修复过程中起到一定的作用。     

Sensory pulpal nerve fibres and trigeminal ganglion neurons express IL-1RI: a potential mechanism for development of inflammatory hyperalgesia

Aim  To localize interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) in rat dental pulp and trigeminal ganglion (TG) and to test the hypothesis that pulpal inflammation increases neuronal expression of IL-1RI.
Methodology  Female Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral pulp exposures in the maxillary and mandibular first molars, whereas the contralateral jaws served as untreated controls. Seven days later the animals were transcardiacally perfused and the jaws and the TGs were removed and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for IL-1RI was examined alone (DAB) and together with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), CD31 or CD34 by multiple-labelling immunofluorescence. Quantification of IL-1RI-immunoreactive (-IR) cells in the maxillary and mandibular division of the ganglion was performed in parasagittal immunoreacted sections of the right and left TGs. Data were analysed with Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test ( P  <   0.05).
Results  Interleukin-1 receptor type I was found on sensory (CGRP-IR) and sympathetic (NPY-IR) nerve fibres and on blood vessels (CD31- and CD34-IR) in the dental pulp. It was also localized on sensory neurons and axons in the TG. Pulpal inflammation significantly increased the expression of IL-1RI in the TG ( P  <   0.001).
Conclusions  The localization of IL-1RI on sensory nerve fibres and its up-regulation in TG neurons during pulpal inflammation may imply a direct effect of IL-1 in pulpal nociception. The presence of IL-1RI on sympathetic nerve fibres and on blood vessels may indicate a vasoactive role of the same cytokine in the pulp.     

正常及炎症牙髓组织中IL-6的表达

目的：通过检测ＩＬ－６在人牙髓组织中的表达,探讨ＩＬ－６与正常及炎症牙髓组织的关系。方法：采用免疫组化（ＡＢＣ）法,检测正常组８个牙及炎症牙髓组１０个牙中ＩＬ－６的表达。结果：正常人牙髓组织ＩＬ－６染色为阴性,炎症牙髓组织中ＩＬ－６染色均呈阳性,主要表达细胞为单核－巨噬细胞,少量血管内皮细胞和成纤维细胞。结论：ＩＬ－６与牙髓组织的炎症反应密切相关,是重要的炎症介质之一。     

白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂在人牙髓组织中的表达

目的：了解正常人牙髓组织及炎性牙髓组织中白细胞介素１受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ－１ｒａ）的表达,探讨它在牙髓组织正常防御和内毒素性牙髓炎中的作用机制。方法：用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学法检测ＩＬ－１ｒａ在牙髓组织中的表达。结果：在正常牙髓组织中仅有少量血管内皮细胞、巨噬细胞表达ＩＬ－１ｒａ,在炎症牙髓组织中ＩＬ－１ｒａ染色呈阳性,主要表达细胞为中性粒细胞、浆细胞、淋巴细胞和血管内皮细胞。结论：内源性ＩＬ－１ｒａ在牙髓炎症的发生发展中可能起着重要作用。