眶隔缩紧在改善睑袋整复效果中的作用

目的：评价缩紧眶隔在提高睑袋整复效果中的作用。方法：①采用经皮肤入路下睑成形术切口，在眼轮匝肌与眶隔之间剥离至眼轮匝肌下缘，形成皮肤-肌肉瓣。②向下牵拉皮肤-肌肉瓣，显露眶隔与眶下缘。③沿眶下缘剪开眶隔，释放眶内脂肪，如眶内脂肪过多，可做部分切除。④将眶隔下缘连带眶脂肪下缘缝合固定于眶下缘下方3--5mm处的骨膜上，以缩紧眶隔和填充眶下缘前方的凹陷区。⑤切除多余的皮肤与肌肉，缝合切口。结果自1999年以来，共施术52例，其中27例患者随访3～12个月，除1例术后因发生下睑退缩做第2次手术矫正外，其余均获得满意的美容效果。结论眶隔紧缩对提高睑袋整复的美容效果具有重要作用和意义，应视为继发性睑袋整复术的一个重要步骤。     

眶隔脂肪释放结合眼轮匝肌瓣折叠悬吊矫治老年性下睑袋

目的：探讨治疗眶缘前凹陷老年性下睑袋的有效方法。方法：眶下缘松解眶隔，释放出眶隔脂肪充填修复眶下缘凹陷畸形，同时利用眼轮匝肌瓣折叠悬吊来缩紧提升松弛下垂的皮肤和眼轮匝肌。结果：修复老年性睑袋畸形32例，手术效果良好，无睑外翻等并发症发生，随访未见睑袋畸形复发。结论：眶隔脂肪释放结合眼轮匝肌瓣折叠悬吊是矫治老年性下睑袋畸形合并眶缘前凹陷畸形的有效方法。     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。     

小切口除眶脂后埋线法重睑术

目的：在多个小切口重睑术的基础上，探索独立小切口重睑术的临床效果。方法：分别于双上眼睑内1／3处设计一个4mm小切口，切除眶隔脂肪后，行改良埋线法重睑术。结果：本组20例，其中17例满意，2例基本满意，1例失败。结论：上眼睑小切口除眶脂后重睑术疗效肯定，改良后埋线法可保证及巩固手术效果，并且操作简便、安全、恢复快、切实可行。     

完整还纳眶隔脂肪睑袋整复术97例临床体会

面中部老化表现为眼周软组织萎缩、松弛,眶隔脂肪疝出形成睑袋,随之眼球位置下移、后缩.颧脂肪垫的下移导致了鼻唇沟的形成.眶下缘处因眶隔脂肪疝出形成突起或颧脂肪垫下移使眶下缘处软组织容积量减少,加之局部皮下组织萎缩,三者共同形成了泪沟及睑颊结合处的局部凹陷.传统的术式多以切除眶隔脂肪为主要矫正手段,用内切法(结膜入路法)及外切法(皮肤入路法)去除多余脂肪[1].Hamra[2]则提出了"弓状缘释放、眶脂肪保留"的睑袋整复术式,是在去除睑袋同时矫治了泪沟、睑颊结合处的局部凹陷.虽然各种手术方法仍在不断改进创新中,但有关眶内出血、下睑凹陷、下睑缘退缩及睑外翻、眼球位置下沉、后移等许多问题,依旧没有得到很好地解决.自2005年1月至2011年8月,我们对97例求美者采用完整还纳眶隔脂肪睑袋整复术,有效地避免和解决了上述问题.现总结如下.     

保留与重置眶隔脂肪在下睑成形术中的应用

目的：探讨保留与重置眶隔脂肪在伴泪槽畸形和/或睑颊沟凹陷的下睑成形术的应用效果。方法：选取2020年3月-2021年2月在笔者医院行下睑成形术的57例就医者(114眼),Ⅰ级共8眼,Ⅱ级共75眼,Ⅲ级共31眼。手术方法为经皮肤入路,行弓状缘释放、眶隔脂肪保留并重置平铺及眼轮匝肌瓣悬吊缝合固定于眶外侧骨膜上,矫正睑袋及泪槽畸形和/或睑颊沟凹陷。结果：随访6～18个月,1例老年男性就医者右侧出现轻度下睑外翻,后行二次手术予以矫正。余下56例就医者均获得满意效果,31眼Ⅲ级泪槽畸形6眼转为Ⅰ级,所有Ⅰ级(8眼)、Ⅱ级(75眼)及其余Ⅲ级(25眼)泪槽畸形均消失,下睑皮肤松弛及睑袋膨隆明显改善,无下睑退缩、外翻等并发症。结论：采用保留与重置眶隔脂肪治疗睑袋伴泪槽畸形和/或睑颊沟凹陷,手术效果好,复发风险低,并发症发生率低。     

加强眶隔前壁的睑袋整复术

目的：探讨应用睑囊筋膜与眶隔的融合部缝合于下眶缘骨膜的弓状缘来加固眶隔进行睑袋整复术。方法：在眼轮匝肌与眶隔之间分离，暴露眶隔。继续向下剥离，显露眶缘边缘上的厚骨膜即弓状缘后，在内侧再剥离到眶下缘下方1cm。用5-0无损伤线，把睑囊筋膜与眶隔的融合部连续缝合到下眶缘骨膜的弓状缘上。结果：58例患者的远期效果良好，鼻颧沟或泪槽的凹陷畸形也得到部分改善。结论：采用睑囊筋膜与眶隔的融合部缝合于弓状缘加固眶隔睑袋整复术，方法可靠、效果满意。     

下眶睑区凹陷型睑袋的整形术

目的 探讨下眶睑区凹陷型睑袋的整复术式.方法 在局部麻醉下释放出眶隔脂肪,对于单纯的下睑板下缘凹陷者,采用上提眶隔脂肪和折叠眼轮匝肌的方法修复;对于下眶缘及眶鼻沟凹陷者,将眶隔脂肪下移到凹陷区修复;对于下眶缘、眶鼻沟和下睑板下缘均有凹陷者,将眶隔脂肪水平劈成上下2片分别上提和下移至凹陷处修复.结果 20例患者术后获随访7 d至7个月,凹陷得到良好矫正,眶区外观饱满有张力,给人以年轻化之感,无睑缘外翻,局部臃肿等并发症发生.结论 针对凹陷出现的不同部位,采用相应的方法矫正可以取得良好的美容效果.     

眶肌筋膜韧带提紧睑袋整形术的临床应用

目的 探讨眶肌筋膜韧带提紧睑袋整形术的方法及临床效果。方法 常规行睑袋整形术的同时，解剖出位于眼轮匝肌外1／3和眶下缘外1／4骨膜之间的眶肌筋膜韧带，将其上提并固定于外眦韧带处。结果 28例患者术中，去除下睑皮肤量较常规的睑袋整形手术平均多5mm，术后下睑皱纹改善明显，且眶颧组织明显上移，术后效果接近于经眶缘骨膜下睑袋提紧的效果。结论 眶肌筋膜韧带提紧睑袋整形术，方法简便，术后效果明显，是治疗下睑松垂较好的手术方法。     

眶隔脂肪释放转位法下睑袋及眶下缘凹陷整复术

目的：探讨下睑袋整复术中眶隔脂肪的合理保留与利用对术后形态的影响。方法：经皮肤入路下睑袋整复术与经结膜入路下睑袋整复术中释放眶隔内脂肪,缝合固定填充眶下缘凹陷区。结果：自2004年以来共施术236例,其中186例就医者随访3～12个月,除9例术后因复发眶下缘凹陷做第2次手术矫正外,其余均获得了满意的美容效果。结论：以保留和释放转位眶隔脂肪法,整复下睑袋及眶下缘凹陷,其效果显著。     

Surgical treatment of the sunken upper eyelid

The youthful upper eyelid shows no depression because the orbital contents are firm and the eyelids are tightly stretched across the bony socket. With progressive aging, there is skeletonization of the orbit as the periorbital tissues undergo laxity or absorption. With aging, hollowing of the eyes results in a deep upper eyelid sulcus. Most surgical procedures that address the aging appearance of the eyes involve excision of excess skin and removal of fat, with resultant volume disproportion that may lead to further hollowing and older appearance. Few procedures have been introduced that address age-related periorbital volume disproportion. We discuss a newly developed surgical technique for the correction of this major orbital aesthetic problem. In this surgical technique, the orbital rim periosteum, periorbita, and released superior extraconal orbital fat are used to fill the superior periorbital space, improving the patient's appearance.     

眶隔释放前置重睑术的临床应用

目的：探讨一种具有上睑提升作用且不改变上睑提肌解剖形态的重睑成形方法。方法：采用重睑切口设计,去除切口下唇适量眼轮匝肌,离断眶隔与提上睑肌腱膜的融合,眶隔释放,离断眶隔脂肪与提上睑肌腱膜间束带连接,去除疝出的眶脂,眶隔膜断端下缘折叠、前置缝合于提上睑肌腱膜在睑板融合处,勾带提上睑肌腱膜缝合皮缘切口。结果：采用该法在形成自然重睑弧的同时,获得不同程度的上睑提升效果。结论：该方法未改变提上睑肌解剖形态,解除了眶隔膜与提上睑肌腱膜的融合、眶脂与提上睑肌腱膜间束带连接并将眶隔膜前置缝合,从而减轻了提上睑肌腱膜的上提阻力,加固和增强了提上睑肌腱膜-睑板的上提联动,获得了上睑提升的效果,增加了角膜暴露率,从而加强了重睑的效果。     

Tarsal grafting for correction of cicatricial entropion.

A technique of tarsal grafting was used as a simple yet effective procedure for the correction of upper-lid cicatricial entropion. A tarsal graft, 3 to 4 mm in height, excised from the superior tarsus of the donor upper eyelid and placed in a marginal tarsotomy, vertically expands the posterior lamella of the involved lid. This graft also provides a base for suture fixation of the everted lid margin. One case of unilateral cicatricial entropion corrected with a contralateral tarsal graft and one case of bilateral cicatricial entropion corrected by ipsilateral tarsal grafting demonstrate results obtained with this technique. Functional and cosmetically satisfactory results have been achieved with this technique. No recurrence of cicatricial entropion has been noted. With this procedure, tarsus provides excellent graft material for correction of the eyelid deformities associated with cicatricial entropion.     

眶骨膜固定在上睑皮肤松弛整复中的临床应用

目的探讨眶骨膜固定在上睑皮肤松弛整复的应用效果。方法按照传统手术方法在眉下设计手术切口,根据皮肤松弛度去除一定量的皮肤,将切口下缘皮下组织固定于眶骨骨膜,以保持上睑皮肤松弛的整复效果。结果本组108例患者,术后随访1～5年,效果满意。结论眶骨膜固定操作简单,结合传统手术方法,使手术效果更持久,远期效果好,值得推广。     

以额肌为动力治疗上睑下垂方法的改进

目的 探索一种简便、实用的以额肌为动力治疗上睑下垂的方法的改进。方法 对22例不同程度的上睑下垂患者仍利用额肌作为动力,将分离的额肌筋膜直接固定于睑板上缘进行治疗。术中经重睑成形术切口将额肌筋膜与皮下组织充分游离,在眶上缘下横行切开额肌筋膜长约1．5cm,在骨膜表面向上分离额肌筋膜,至眶上1．5cm左右,不制作额肌筋膜瓣,然后将分离的额肌筋膜直接向下牵拉与睑板上缘睑上提肌腱膜缝合固定3～4针,并调整固定至张力适度为止,术中无需分离眼轮匝肌后隧道。结果 22例伤口均I期愈合,睁眼时无抬眉、皱额表现,重睑外形佳,双眼对称,手术效果良好,患者满意。经3～6个月随访,无1例复发。结论 借用额肌作为动力,将额肌筋膜直接与睑板上缘缝合悬吊治疗上睑下垂,方法简便,疗效稳定,损伤小,并发症少。此方法可应用于额肌功能正常的各型上睑下垂患者。     

Reconstruction of an inner layer defect of the upper eyelid with avulsion of the superior levator palpebrae muscle and orbital fat

The authors report a successful reconstruction of the total upper eyelid in conjunction with the gliding surface of the extraocular muscles. A 21-year-old woman sustained an inner layer defect of her right upper eyelid together with avulsions of the superior levator palpebrae muscle and the superior orbital fat. Her right superior rectus muscle was exposed, and no orbital fat was seen in the space between the muscle and the orbital roof. To preserve eye movement, a gliding surface between the superior rectus muscle and the orbital roof had to be reconstructed. Total upper lid reconstruction was performed using a radial forearm flap with a hard palate mucosal graft. The gliding surface was reconstructed with an adipofascial flap obtained from the forearm. Despite lack of levator function, the patient could raise her eyelid approximately 5 mm by using only the superior rectus muscle without frontalis suspension.     

下睑缘和口内联合切口面中部提升术

目的:探讨经下睑缘和口内联合切口骨膜下面中部提升手术方法的临床疗效和解剖基础。方法:采用下睑袋切除术的手术切口,在眼轮匝肌下层次常规完成下睑松弛皮肤切除术后,于眶缘下2￣3mm切开骨膜,通过口内切口在梨状孔下缘水平切开骨膜,共同完成颧骨和上颌骨的骨膜下分离,外侧的分离止于颧大肌起点的内侧,内侧为鼻骨与上颌骨转折处。切开剥离范围内、外侧骨膜,将颊部脂肪垫的前叶及其下的骨膜,颧部的皮下脂肪垫向上外固定,然后将骨膜与眶缘的骨膜向上外方重叠缝合,缝合下睑切口。结果:采用本方法临床治疗下睑皮肤松弛和面中部老化患者13例,并发症轻,可同时达到下睑和面中部满意的美容效果。结论:本方法切口隐蔽,并发症少,可作为面中部年轻化手术的推荐使用方法。     

经重睑切口行眉上提术治疗上睑松弛伴眉下垂

目的：介绍一种经重睑切口治疗上睑松弛伴眉下垂的手术方法。方法：经重睑切口,在眼轮匝肌和眶隔之间向上分离达眉下缘,再于额肌和眉脂肪垫之间分离至眉上方,将眉下缘处的眼轮匝肌固定在眶骨骨膜上,将眉毛提升在理想位置。结果：本组20例患者,15例术后随访1周～1年,均获满意效果。眉毛位于理想位置,上睑明显年轻化,无并发症。结论：经重睑切口行眉上提固定术治疗上睑皮肤松弛伴眉下垂能获得满意效果。     

眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫的解剖学及整形外科学的研究

目的：研究眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫的解剖结构,和相邻组织结构的关系,评价其在眼部年轻化手术中的应用效果。方法：对成人头颅部人体标本7具（14侧眼部标本）进行眶部解剖研究;对50例术前有明显面部老化征象患者进行了眼部手术,手术中将眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫部分去除。结果：在眼轮匝肌下和上颌骨、颧骨骨膜的浅面,存在有脂肪垫,其大部分分布在眼眶外围,并与周围脂肪垫相连续。50例眼袋患者,术后下睑区平展,眶隔脂肪袋消失,下眶缘沟消失,眶下外侧骨缘轮廓平和。其中19例伴有上睑臃肿下垂患者,术后眼裂增宽,眼睑变薄,无上睑外侧臃肿表现。结论：眼部年轻化手术适当去除眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫,可明显改善手术效果。     

Correction of Congenital Severe Ptosis by Suspension of a Frontal Muscle Flap Overlapped with an Inferiorly Based Orbital Septum Flap

BACKGROUND: This report introduces a new method for correction of congenital severe upper eyelid ptosis. METHODS: The poor levator-function upper eyelid ptosis of 22 patients was corrected using suspension of the frontal muscle flap overlapped with an inferiorly based orbital septum flap as a motor unit, which substituted for the function of the levator muscle. The frontal muscle flap and orbital septum flap were formed in the frontal part and upper eyelid, respectively. Two flaps were overlapped and sutured to suspend the upper eyelid and to correct the congenital severe upper eyelid ptosis. This technique avoids the need for the linking structure necessary with the standard frontalis sling approach and improves the direction of pull to mimic that of a normal levator more closely than that of frontalis muscle advancement. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 20 months (mean, 12 months). A total of 4 patients had bilateral surgery, whereas 18 patients underwent unilateral surgery (26 eyelids). In 22 cases (26 eyes), congenital severe upper eyelid ptosis was treated using suspension of the frontal muscle flap overlapped with an inferiorly based orbital septum flap. After the operation, 17 cases (19 eyes) were followed up and analyzed retrospectively. The average follow-up period was about 12 months (range, 6-20 months). The 17 corrected eyes had a symmetric redundant fold of preseptal skin according to the marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) measurement used to judge efficacy. Two eyes in this series required reoperation for undercorrection. Complications such as ectropion and corneal exposure were avoided. CONCLUSION: Use of a frontalis muscle lap overlapped with an inferior based orbital septum flap to manage severe congenital upper eyelid ptosis is a useful procedure that results in substantial cosmetic and functional improvement with few complications.