远程医疗家庭监护网的研制

本文介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的研制.介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的系统构成和性能特点,它实现了将病区与病区、医院与医院、家庭与医院以及地区与地区间联网,实现远程监护远程会诊.特别实用于社区医疗网的远程医疗监护.     

远程医院家庭监护网的研制

本文介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的研制。介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的系统构成和性能特点,它实现了将病区与病区、医院与医院、家庭与医院以及地区与地间联网,实现远程监护远程会诊。特别实用于社区医疗网的远程医疗监护。     

应用于远程医疗的远程家庭监护设备的发展

以美国、英国、加拿大等发达国家远程医疗历史发展为背景，介绍当前国际国内远程家庭监护的发展和现状，提出远程家庭监护设备的理想设计要求和特点，分析目前推广现有远程家庭监护技术的问题所在，在探讨目前处于发展中的远程家庭监护设备市场和卫生领域远程家庭监护设备应用现状后，借鉴并支持医院信息化和远程医学统一发展的观点，并就信息技术的发展前景和生物传感器的发展进一步探讨今后家庭远程监护发展趋势。     

远程医疗监护技术及其应用

目的 为患者提供更优质及时的医疗服务，探讨远程监护技术在医学监护中的重要意义。方法 连续监测被监护的患者各种生理参数，研究被监护者的生理功能、发病规律及明确诊断等。结果 远程监护技术的应用，缩短了医生与病人之间的距离，为病人提供了先进及时的优质服务。结论 远程监护技术是集医疗保健技术、通信技术、信息技术为一体的在医学监护上的综合应用技术，值得进一步研究、推广及应用。     

家庭病人监护网研究的新进展

叙述了家庭医疗保健技术的新进展，特别详细地介绍了3种以电话网传送心电图的家庭病人监护网系统。     

家庭远程监护系统的构建

目的:构建家庭远程监护系统,使患者无需到医院就诊,方便医生远程监护患者,提高就诊效率。方法:应用无线传感器网络技术,采用嵌入式网关服务器将被监护对象的生理参数(比如血压)通过互联网从客户端传输至医疗中心,医生通过数据分析,从而实现远程监护。结果:建立了一个家庭远程监护系统,使患者方便有效地得到了良好的监护,使医生方便有效地提高诊断效率。结论:监护系统可以运用在将来的医疗设备中,为患者提供方便,同时也能为医生及时地提供有效的数据,值得推广。     

家庭健康监护技术发展

随着社会的进步和科技的发展,人类的健康观念、健康方式和途径都发生着深刻的变化,科学技术的革命必将推动着医疗领域变革。家庭医疗保健工程(Home Health Care Engineering),简称HHCE,是一门新兴的边缘技术学科,是当代高技术和医疗结合的产物。它最早出现于七十年代,在九十年代得到了迅速的发展,并已成为当今世界医疗领域的研究热点。HHCE的主要内容是:将千家万户和医疗联系起来,实现医疗进入家庭,在配备先进适宜的医疗设备的条件下,在病人家中实施监护、诊断、治疗、康复和保健。由于HHCE的出现符合二十一世纪的社会老龄化、医疗费用日益高涨以及人们生活健康质量高要求的趋势,同时可以实现医疗资源共享,并能提高边远地区的医疗水平,因此具有生命力。 HHCE的一个重要应用是采用远程监护技术对家中患者的重要参数进行检测,并在发生意外时实施紧急救助。家庭监护中运用远程测量或远程监护技术,一般采用便利的、便宜时     

基于USB的家庭健康监护数据传输设计

目的:解决家庭健康监护中CC2430串口通信速度慢的问题,将采集到的生理信息从本地计算机发往远程服务器,以供远程诊断或健康咨询.方法:改用USB接口实现CC2430与本地计算机的通信,以VC++6.0为软件平台,利用网络编程技术将上传到本地计算机的数据传输到远程服务器 结果:解决了家庭健康监护中串口传输速度慢的问题,实现了生理信息的实时传输和显示,完成了本地计算机与远程服务器之间的网络通信.结论:设计完成了家庭健康监护完整的数据传输流程,对家庭健康监护的发展有一定的参考价值.USB接口的设计可以应用在众多领域.     

远程生理参数监护系统的设计

本文介绍了远程监护技术的概念、意义及特点,阐述了自行构建的远程生理参数嘛护系统的架构、主要功能、监测项目及参数,指出未来远程监护技术在家庭护理领域具有良好的应用前景。     

基于蓝牙技术的心电监护模块设计

目的：针对我国远程医疗绝大部分局限在医院和医院之间的现状,探讨如何让远程医疗真正进入家庭,使患者足不出户即可享受到优质的医疗保健服务的问题。方法：设计了基于蓝牙技术的心电监护模块,心电监护终端由基于单片机系统的具有信号采集和简单处理功能的心电采集模块和蓝牙射频模块通过数据线相连构成;心电数据蓝牙传输模块的设计采用C8051F020和蓝牙模块ROK 101 007通过串口写入HCI指令来实现相互通信;采用VC＋＋6.0作为开发工具编写运行于监护中心计算机上的远程监护服务器程序。结果：心电监护模块可实时采集心电数据并通过蓝牙模块接口传输到家用计算机,然后通过宽带网络系统发送到监护中心,从而实现患者和医生之间信息的实时交换。结论：该心电监护模块充分发挥蓝牙技术的无线优势,具有较强的实用性。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.