黄芪甲苷对人外周血内皮祖细胞体外血管生成能力的影响

目的观察黄芪甲苷对体外培养的人外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)数量及增殖、迁移、黏附功能、血管生成能力的影响。方法密度梯度离心法获取人外周血单个核细胞,FITC标记荆豆凝集素Ⅰ(FITC-UEA-I)、DiI标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(DiI-acLDL)荧光双染鉴定,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志。单个核细胞培养4d后进行实验分组,分为对照组和黄芪甲苷干预组。干预组加入不同浓度的黄芪甲苷(分别为10μg/mL、20μg/mL、40μg/mL)培养72h。分别采用四氮唑溴盐比色法、改良的Boyden小室和黏附能力测定来观察EPCs的增殖、迁移和黏附能力;体外血管生成试剂盒来观察EPCs体外血管生成能力。结果与正常对照组比较,黄芪甲苷组EPCs数量增加,EPCs的黏附、迁移、增殖和体外血管形成能力增强,且黄芪甲苷20μg/mL时作用最显著。结论黄芪甲苷可增加体外培养的EPCs数量,改善EPCs增殖、迁移、黏附和体外血管生成能力等生物学功能。     

阿司匹林对内皮祖细胞功能及其诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的:观察阿司匹林对外周血内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)数量和功能的影响。方法:采用密度梯度离心法从外周血获得单个核细胞,将其接种在人纤维连接蛋白包被的培养板上,培养7d后收集贴壁细胞,分别加入不同浓度阿司匹林(分别为1、2、5、10mmol/L)培养3、6、12、24h。激光共聚焦显微镜鉴定FITC-UEA-I和Dil-acLDL双染色阳性细胞为正在分化的EPCs,将其在倒置荧光显微镜下计数。然后分别采用MTT比色法、改良的Boyden小室、黏附能力测定实验和体外血管形成试剂盒来观察EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力和体外血管形成能力,免疫印迹杂交法(Western blot)半定量测定诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)含量。结果:阿司匹林能减少外周血EPCs数量,并且EPCs数量随阿司匹林浓度和作用时间增加而减少。EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力、体外血管形成能力和iNOS含量亦随阿司匹林浓度和作用时间增加而降低。结论:阿司匹林通过减少EPCs中iNOS含量,降低EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力和体外血管形成能力,从而抑制内皮细胞的生成。     

阿司匹林对内皮祖细胞功能及其诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的:观察阿司匹林对外周血内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)数量和功能的影响. 方法:采用密度梯度离心法从外周血获得单个核细胞,将其接种在人纤维连接蛋白包被的培养板上,培养7d后收集贴壁细胞,分别加入不同浓度阿司匹林(分别为1、2、5、10 mmol/L)培养3、6、12、24 h.激光共聚焦显微镜鉴定FITC-UEA-I和Dil-acLDL双染色阳性细胞为正在分化的EPCs,将其在倒置荧光显微镜下计数.然后分别采用MTT比色法、改良的Boyden小室、黏附能力测定实验和体外血管形成试剂盒来观察EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力和体外血管形成能力,免疫印迹杂交法(Western blot)半定量测定诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)含量. 结果:阿司匹林能减少外周血EPCs数量,并且EPCs数量随阿司匹林浓度和作用时间增加而减少.EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力、体外血管形成能力和iNOS含量亦随阿司匹林浓度和作用时间增加而降低. 结论:阿司匹林通过减少EPCs中iNOS含量,降低EPCs的增殖能力、迁移能力、黏附能力和体外血管形成能力,从而抑制内皮细胞的生成.     

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132对外周血内皮祖细胞数量与功能的影响

目的观察蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132对外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)数量与功能的影响。方法采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法从外周血获得单个核细胞,接种于包被人纤维连接蛋白的培养板,收集贴壁细胞,加入不同浓度MG132(20nmol/l,50nmol/l,100nmol/l,200nmol/l)培养12、24、48h。激光共聚焦显微镜鉴定,倒置荧光显微镜计数。分别采用MTT比色法、改良的Boyden小室、黏附能力测定观察EPCs的增殖、迁移、黏附能力。结果低剂量范围内,EPCs数量随MG132浓度与作用时间增加而减少,其增殖、迁移、黏附能力亦随MG132浓度与作用时间增加而减少。200nmol/l浓度MG132作用48h对EPC数量、增殖功能及黏附能力的影响最为显著。结论低剂量MG132减少EPCs数量并抑制EPCs的增殖、黏附、迁移能力。     

雌二醇对骨髓内皮祖细胞部分生物学功能的影响

目的观察雌二醇对体外培养骨髓来源内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)数量及增殖、迁移、黏附功能的影响。方法密度梯度离心法获取骨髓单个核细胞,FITC-荆豆凝集素I、DiI-乙酰化低密度脂蛋白荧光双染鉴定。单个核细胞培养4天后进行实验分组,分为对照组和雌二醇治疗组。雌二醇治疗组加入不同浓度雌二醇(分别为0.001、0.01、0.1μmol/L)培养48 h,然后分别采用四氮唑溴盐比色法、改良的Boyden小室和黏附能力测定来观察EPCs的增殖、迁移和黏附能力。结果雌二醇剂量依赖性增加EPCs数量并显著改善了EPCs的黏附、迁移和增殖能力,与对照组比较差异显著。结论雌二醇可增加培养EPCs的数量并改善EPCs部分生物学功能。     

糖基化终末产物对人外周血内皮祖细胞数量及功能的影响

目的观察糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对体外培养的人外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)数量及功能的影响。方法体外培养的人外周血EPCs根据不同AGEs-人血白蛋白(HSA)浓度分为对照纽、正常组(终浓度7.5 mg/L)、干预1组(终浓度1 5 mg/L)干预2组(终浓度30 mg/L)和干预3组(终浓度60 mg/L)。采用密度梯度离心法获取人外周血单个核细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜检测其对FITC标记荆豆凝集素-1的吸附和Dil-标记乙酰化低密度脂蛋白进行细胞功能鉴定;加入AGEs后,分别采用MTT法、Boyden小室测定EPCs的增殖、迁移能力;人纤维连接蛋白检测EPCs的黏附能力;用体外血管生成分析试剂盒检测不同浓度AGEs HSA作用后的EPCs成血管能力。结果高浓度AGEs可减少EPCs贴壁细胞数量(P<0.01),减弱EPCs的黏附(P<0.01)、增殖(P<0.01)、迁移(P<0.05)和成血管能力(P<0.01)。结论 AGEs可减少人外周血EPCs的数量并使用其功能受损。     

姜黄素对内皮祖细胞功能及内皮型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的观察姜黄素对体外培养的人外周血内皮祖细胞（EPCs）数量及功能的影响。方法采用贴壁选择法培养人外周EPCs,培养6 d后,收集贴壁细胞并加入姜黄素（0、5、10、15μmol/L）培养一定时间（6、12、24和48 h）。荧光显微镜鉴定EPCs,分别观察EPCs的体外增殖、黏附、迁移、体外血管生成能力。Griess法检测NO分泌量,并RT-PCR半定量测定eNOS基因表达。结果姜黄素增加外周血EPCs的数量,改善EPCs的体外增殖、黏附、迁移、体外血管生成能力（P<0.01）。并上调eNOS基因表达,促进EPCs来源的NO的释放（P<0.01）。结论姜黄素增加体外EPCs数量及改善其功能,上调eNOS基因表达并增加EPCs来源的NO分泌。     

姜黄素对内皮祖细胞功能及内皮型—氧化氮合酶的影响

目的观察姜黄素对体外培养的人外周血内皮祖细胞（EPCs）数量及功能的影响。方法采用贴壁选择法培养人外周EPCs，培养6d后，收集贴壁细胞并加入姜黄素（0、5、10、15μmol／L）培养一定时间（6、12、24和48h）。荧光显微镜鉴定EPCs，分别观察EPCs的体外增殖、黏附、迁移、体外血管生成能力。Griess法检测NO分泌量，并RT-PCR半定量测定eNOS基因表达。结果姜黄素增加外周血EPCs的数量，改善EPCs的体外增殖、黏附、迁移、体外血管生成能力（P〈0．01）。并上调eNOS基因表达，促进EPCs来源的NO的释放（P〈0．01）。结论姜黄素增加体外EPCs数量及改善其功能，上调eNOS基因表达并增加EPCs来源的NO分泌。     

肝细胞生长因子对冠心病患者内皮祖细胞功能的影响

目的观察肝细胞生长因子(HGF)对体外培养冠心病患者外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)生物学功能的影响,为HGF在冠心病治疗方面的应用提供研究基础。方法选择冠心病患者(冠心病组)和非冠心病患者(对照组)各15例,每组再随机分为重组人HGF(rhHGF)干预组和非rhHGF干预组,ELISA法检测血浆中HGF水平。流式细胞仪检测EPCs数量,并体外选择培养EPCs,检测rhHGF对EPCs增殖、迁移和黏附能力的影响。结果与对照组比较,冠心痛组患者外周血EPCs数量明显减少,血浆HGF含量明显升高(P0.01);EPCs增殖、黏附和迁移能力明显下降(P0.05,P0.01)。在冠心病组,与非rhHGF干预组比较,rhHGF干预组能明显促进冠心病患者FPCs增殖、黏附和迁移(P0.05,P0.01);在对照组,与非rhHGF干预组比较,rhHGF干预组仅促进对照组患者EPCs增殖,对黏附和迁移虽有促进作用,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HGF可增强冠心病患者EPCs的各项生物学功能,有望将HGF刺激EPCs的生物学活性的作用应用于冠心病的治疗。     

淫羊藿苷对人外周血内皮祖细胞数量及功能的影响

目的探讨淫羊藿苷对体外培养的人外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)的数量及相关功能的影响。方法采用密度梯度离心法分离出人外周血的EPCs,将淫羊藿苷加入相应培养基,并根据加入培养基中淫羊藿苷的浓度0、10、20、50μmol/L分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,继续培养细胞48 h。然后检测各组EPCs数量及功能的变化并进行比较。结果淫羊藿苷干预组的外周血EPCs的数量以及增殖、迁移、黏附能力和血管生成能力与对照组相比均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且其中高剂量组(50μmol/L)效果最为显著(P0.05)。结论淫羊藿苷能明显增加人外周血EPCs的数量并改善EPCs的增殖、黏附、迁移以及血管生成能力等相关功能。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.