满足日常生活活动范围的髋臼假体角度安全范围及杯颈前倾角组合

目的：研究满足日常生活活动范围条件下,全髋关节置换术中髋臼杯角度安全范围及杯颈前倾角优化组合。方法：建立人工全髋关节三维可视化计算机模型,将髋关节屈曲≥110。、屈曲90。内旋≥30。、后伸≥30。、外旋≥40。定义为日常生活活动范围一般标准,而将屈曲≥120、屈曲90。内旋〉145。、后伸≥30。、外旋≥40。定义为严格标准,头颈直径比为2—2．92,假体颈前倾角为0一30,髋臼杯前倾角为0一70,外展角为10。～60。,颈干角设定为135。,计算满足上述两组活动范围,髋臼杯外展角每变化5。,相应的髋臼杯前倾角安装角度,在以臼杯外展角为横坐标,臼杯前倾角为纵坐标的坐标系上描点、连线画图进行描述,采用SAS6．12统计学软件对数据进行分析。结果：髋臼杯角度安全范围随着头颈直径比增大而增大,头颈比大于2．37时,臼杯角安全范围增大明显,严格标准活动度下的安全范围比一般标准条件下的小。颈干角135。,髋关节一般标准和严格标准活动度下,髋臼杯前倾角（y）与股骨假体前倾角（X）的关系分别为：Y1：一0．816X1＋39．76（R。=0．993）,Y2=-0．873X2＋47．04（R^2=0．999）。结论：头颈直径比较大的假体髋臼杯角安全范围明显增大,建议选择头颈比直径大于2．37的假体。髋关节活动范围要求越高,髋臼杯角度安全范围就越小,但可以通过选择较大头颈直径比的假体来纠正。杯颈前倾角呈负相关。     

陶瓷对陶瓷人工髋关节置换手术技巧及相关研究

[目的]介绍陶瓷对陶瓷髋关节置换的手术方法,分析2种陶瓷髋假体的特点。[方法]自2001年11月～2006年6月间行101例123髋初次全髋置换手术,分别使用Osteonics ABC(型和Option(陶瓷对陶瓷人工髋关节系统。术中严格控制假体位置,并遵循安放陶瓷假体的特殊技巧。取2款陶瓷髋假体进行体外实验:测量理论最大活动范围,测量不同的臼杯位置对发生撞击的影响。[结果]临床和影像学结果令人满意。无骨溶解,无陶瓷碎裂和感染等严重并发症。1例陶瓷部件术中发生边缘崩裂现象,2例出现一过性髂腰肌刺激症状。实验结果:髋臼假体位置直接影响关节活动度。超半径设计对髋关节活动范围影响明显,理论活动范围和臼杯安放位置允许区间均较小。[结论]人工全髋置换术使用陶瓷对陶瓷型假体,需要掌握特殊的手术技巧,超半径设计假体安放要求适当增加髋臼假体前倾角。     

全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体位相的安全范围及杯颈前倾角的优化组合

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)中髋臼杯的安全范围及杯颈前倾角的优化组合方法. 方法 建立THA三维可视化模型,定义两种髋关节活动度标准:一般标准(髋关节屈曲≥110°、屈曲90°时内旋≥30°、后伸≥30°和中立位外旋≥40°而没有假体撞击)和严格标准(髋关节屈曲≥120°、屈曲90°时内旋≥45°、后伸≥30°和中立位外旋≥40°而没有假体撞击).头颈比变化范围为2.00 ～2.92,股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0～30°,髋臼假体外展角变化范围为10°～60°,髋臼前倾角变化范围为0 ～ 70°,计算满足髋关节两组活动标准、臼杯外展角每变化5°相应的髋臼假体前倾角的安装参数.结果 严格标准下的安全范围较一般标准小,两种标准下的髋臼杯安全范围面积随着头颈比增大而增大.当颈干角为130°时,一般标准和严格标准下髋臼杯前倾角(Y)与股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y1=-0.840X1+38.41,Y2=- 1.007 X2 +47.46;允许的最小髋臼外展角(OImin)和头颈比(GR)的关系分别为OImin'1=168.13 GR1-2.504,OImin'2=213.79 GR2-2.272.当颈干角从135°移向130°时,杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域,面积也有所减小.结论 THA中可以通过增大头颈比来扩大臼杯安放的安全范围.允许的最小髋臼外展角随着头颈比增大而变小,杯前倾角与股骨颈前倾角呈负相关.股骨颈前倾角的增大和颈干角的变小均使得杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域.     

髋关节假体安装参数的计算机模拟研究

目的 研究不同颈干角股骨假体在前倾角变化时获得理想髋关节活动度所需要的髋臼安装参数.方法 建立人工全髋关节三维计算机模型,髋臼杯假体采用半球形,臼杯直径480mm,颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°.股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0°~30°,臼杯假体俯倾角变化范围为30°~60°、前倾角变化范围为0°~40°.每变化5°重复一次髋关节在6个方向(屈曲、后伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋)的活动,选出符合最佳髋关节活动度的假体安装参数.采用SAS 6.12统计学软件对数据进行分析.结果 颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°的假体,其最佳的臼杯俯倾角安装位置分别为45°、40°和35°;在活动满足后伸>40°、内收>50°、外展>50°、内旋>80°、外旋>40°的条件下,髋关节最大屈曲度分别为135.64°±3.45°、126.00°±3.57°和118.29°±3.29°;臼杯假体前倾角(Y)和股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y+0.69×X=36.93°,Y+0.71×X=37.10°和Y+0.64×X=36.79°.结论 臼杯俯倾角最佳安装位置随着假体颈干角的变大而逐渐变小,髋关节在安全范围可以达到的最大屈髋度数随假体颈干角变大而逐渐减小,股骨假体前倾角度和臼杯前倾角度呈负相关.     

Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良患者的全髋关节置换治疗

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型成人髋关节发育不良（Developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的手术方法和疗效。方法 2000年3月至2009年5月,对12例（13髋）Crowe IV型成人髋关节发育不良患者进行人工全髋关节置换术,髋臼侧采用小臼杯结合髋臼内陷技术安置臼杯假体,股骨侧采用粗隆下短缩截骨放置股骨假体。结果所有患者随访8月～7年,平均42月,术后X线片显示髋臼假体均位于真臼内,无髋臼假体松动。股骨侧截骨处均骨性愈合。Harris评分由术前平均35分提高至末次随访87分,差异有统计学意义。结论对CroweⅣ型DDH患者行全髋关节置换术时,采用小臼杯、假体内陷技术、股骨短缩截骨能够提高全髋关节置换术的治疗效果。     

Charnley型人工全髋置换术后10年以上随访的X线分析

目的：通过对骨水泥固定的Charnley型人工全髋置换术患者10年以X线随访，探讨骨水泥型人工全髋的固定效果、松动及影响寿命的因素等。方法：获得10年上随访的38例45髋作研究对象，平均随访14.6年。X线包括术后及最后随访时髋关节正侧位片。结果：髋臼假体松动有24髋（53％），其中明显松动（definite loosening）14髋（13％），可能松动（possible loosening）10髋（22％）。臼杯磨损共35髋（78％），平均磨损率为0.133mm/年；股骨假体柄松动有12髋（27％），其中明显松动8髋（18％），可能松动4髋（9％）。假体柄周围骨溶解18髋（40％）。本组45髋中8髋（18％）行翻修术，其中4髋因髋臼假体松动单纯髋臼假体翻修，其余4例行髋臼和股骨假体全部翻修。结论：骨水泥固定的Charnley型人工全髋置换术后10年以上长期随访结果，股骨假体的固定效果较好，但髋臼假体的固定效果并不满意。聚乙烯臼杯磨损不可避免，作为人工关节材料，聚乙烯对金属的关节组合应重新考虑。采用改良的骨水泥固定方法对人工全髋假体的早期稳定性和长期寿命非常重要。从髋臼假体的固定效果来看，金属臼（metal shell）假体的非骨水泥固定效果优于聚乙烯臼的骨水泥固定效果。     

髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的　总结采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎和功能障碍的经验。方法　 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,对 96例 112髋 (双侧 16例 )成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术。其中 ,半脱位 73髋 ,低位脱位 18髋 ,高位脱位 2 1髋。髋臼侧均采用真臼位置重建 ,其中骨水泥固定 16髋 ,非骨水泥固定 96髋 ,植骨 11髋 ;采用常规置换 83髋 ;磨削加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2 7髋 ;髋臼外上缘自体股骨头植骨加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2髋。结果　患者术后伤口均一期愈合 ,未发生感染或血管神经损伤 ,患肢长度平均延长 1 7cm。随访 85例 98髋 ,平均随访 3 5年 ,关节疼痛缓解 ,活动功能满意 ,Harris评分由术前的平均 33 9分恢复到平均 89 3分 ,无假体松动和翻修病例。X线片显示 ,关节假体位置正常 ,人工髋臼的平均外展角4 4° ,宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为 96 6 % ,金属臼杯与宿主髋臼之间未见透光线 ;11髋髋臼侧植骨病例中 ,植骨块与宿主骨愈合良好 ,未见骨吸收现象。结论　全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的有效方法 ;术前应充分考虑髋关节发育不良的原发及继发性病理改变 ,尽可能在真臼位置重建髋臼     

微创活动平台单髁膝关节置换的早期并发症

全髋关节置换术后脱位一直是未完全避免的并发症。作者分析了1268例患者（1648髋）采用非骨水泥假体行全髋关节置换术的术后脱位发生率以及相关影响因素。结果发现,术后脱位发生率为3．6％。显著影响因素包括：女性、高龄、高麻醉风险评分、股骨颈骨折、后方软组织修复不良、过高或者过低髋臼杯前倾角、过高或者过低股骨柄前倾角以及髋关节旋转中心过低。     

全髋关节置换术生物型臼杯大小选择的影响因素

目的 探讨初次全髋关节置换术(THA)生物型臼杯大小选择的影响因素.方法 初次行THA生物型臼杯82例(93髋),将有关数据用SPSS 16.0软件进行分析.结果 93髋生物型臼杯的直径大小呈一正态分布.男、女性髋臼杯假体直径大小差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001<0.05),男性明显大于女性.髋关节发育不良使用的生物...     

联合前倾角技术在成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨联合前倾角技术在成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中应用的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析自2016-09—2018-06采用联合前倾角技术行全髋关节置换术治疗的31例(36髋)成人发育性髋关节发育不良,比较手术前后髋臼前倾角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果31例均获得12个月以上随访。术后骨盆正位及髋关节侧位X线片显示假体位置及对应关系良好,无假体松动、下沉,无脱位表现。末次随访时所有患者步态均明显改善,髋部疼痛均消失,仅2例轻度跛行。术后髋臼前倾角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角较术前明显减小,末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合前倾角技术应用于成人发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术对于指导合适假体的选择、设计以及确定合适的髋臼前倾角、股骨柄前倾角具有重要意义,良好的联合前倾角能够有效预防术后假体脱位的发生。     

Compliant positioning of total hip components for optimal range of motion.

Impingement between femoral neck and endoprosthetic cup is one of the causes for dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Choosing a correct combined orientation of both components, the acetabular cup and femoral stem, in manual or computer-assisted implantation will yield a maximized, stable range of motion (ROM) and will reduce the risk for dislocation. A mathematical model of a THA was developed to determine the optimal combination of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion for maximizing ROM and minimizing the risk for cup-neck impingement. Single and combined hip joint motions were tested. A radiographic definition was used for component orientation. Additional parameters, such as stem-neck (CCD) angle, head-neck ratio, and the design of the acetabular opening, were also considered. The model showed that a maximized and safe ROM requires compliant, well-defined combinations of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion depending on the intended ROM. Radiographic cup anteversion and stem antetorsion were linearly correlated. Additional internal rotation reduced flexion, and additional external rotation reduced extension, abduction and adduction. The articulating hemispheric surface of acetabular cups should be oriented between 40 degrees and 45 degrees of radiographic inclination, between 20 degrees and 28 degrees of radiographic cup anteversion, and should be combined with stem antetorsion so that the sum of cup anteversion plus 0.7 times the stem antetorsion equals 37 degrees. Final component orientation must also consider cup containment, implant impingement with bone and soft tissue, and preoperative skeletal contractures or deformities to achieve the optimal compromise for each patient.     

Painful impingement of the hip joint after total hip resurfacing: a report of two cases

Many patients undergoing total hip resurfacing arthroplasty present with reduced anterior femoral neck concavity as a part of the degenerative process. Painful hip impingement may develop or persist after hip resurfacing when the retained femoral neck abuts against the metallic acetabular component or the anterior acetabular bony wall. We report on two cases of painful postoperative hip impingement after hip resurfacing, in one of whom anterior neck-contouring osteoplasty restored pain-free range of motion (ROM). To restore natural hip ROM, surgeons performing hip total hip resurfacing arthroplasty should aim to reproduce the normal femoral head-neck offset ratio. Femoral head-neck offset restoration can be achieved by proper femoral component positioning (especially optimal translation), by femoral neck osteoplasty or by increasing femoral component head size appropriately.     

Anatomical hip range of motion after implantation during total hip arthroplasty with a large change in pelvic inclination

The supine functional pelvic plane is the recommended reference pelvic plane for acetabular cup planning in navigation-assisted total hip arthroplasty. However, it is unclear whether it can be used in patients with a large preoperative positional change in pelvic inclination (PC) from the supine to the standing position because it is unknown whether these patients have a different hip range of motion (ROM). We measured the anatomical hip ROM after implantation by computed tomography-based navigation in 91 patients and found it to be similar between those with a small PC (<10°) and those with a large PC (≥10°). There was no significant correlation between ROM and preoperative PC. The supine functional pelvic plane is adequate for cup planning whether the PC is small or large.     

The effect of the orientation of the acetabular and femoral components on the range of motion of the hip at different head-neck ratios

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic impingement due to poor positioning can limit the range of motion of the hip after total hip arthroplasty. In this study, a computer model was used to determine the effects of the positions of the acetabular and femoral components and of varying head-neck ratios on impingement and range of motion. METHODS: A three-dimensional generic hip prosthesis with a hemispherical cup, a neck diameter of 12.25 millimeters, and a head size ranging from twenty-two to thirty-two millimeters was simulated on a computer. The maximum range of motion of the hip was measured, before the neck impinged on the liner of the cup, for acetabular abduction angles ranging from 35 to 55 degrees and acetabular and femoral anteversion ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. Stability of the hip was estimated as the maximum possible flexion coupled with 10 degrees of adduction and 10 degrees of internal rotation and also as the maximum possible extension coupled with 10 degrees of external rotation. The effects of prosthetic orientation on activities of daily living were analyzed as well. RESULTS: Acetabular abduction angles of less than 45 degrees decreased flexion and abduction of the hip, whereas higher angles decreased adduction and rotation. Femoral and acetabular anteversion increased flexion but decreased extension. Acetabular abduction angles of between 45 and 55 degrees permitted a better overall range of motion and stability when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion. Lower head-neck ratios decreased the range of motion that was possible without prosthetic impingement. The addition of a modular sleeve that increased the diameter of the femoral neck by two millimeters decreased the range of motion by 1.5 to 8.5 degrees, depending on the direction of motion that was studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex interplay between the angles of orientation of the femoral and acetabular components. Acetabular abduction angles between 45 and 55 degrees, when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion, resulted in a maximum overall range of motion and stability with respect to prosthetic impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: During total hip arthroplasty, acetabular abduction is often constrained by available bone coverage, while femoral anteversion may be dictated by the geometry of the femoral shaft. For each combination of acetabular abduction and femoral anteversion, there is an optimum range of acetabular anteversion that allows the potential for a maximum range of motion without prosthetic impingement after total hip arthroplasty. These data can be used intraoperatively to determine optimum position.     

Anatomic hip range of motion after implantation during total hip arthroplasty as measured by a navigation system

Simulation of prosthetic impingement is important for preventing complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although the anatomical hip range of motion (ROM) in patients after THA is an essential parameter for these simulations, previous simulation studies substituted various clinical hip ROMs for the anatomical hip ROM. Using a navigation system, anatomical hip ROM was accurately assessed after implantation during primary THA in 30 patients. We found that the hip could be passively moved to 113 degrees of flexion, 34 degrees of extension, 46 degrees of abduction, 75 degrees of internal rotation, and 36 degrees of external rotation. Almost all reference hip ROMs used in previous simulations were smaller than these values. Therefore, wider hip ROM values should be used as parameters for such simulations.     

Conversion of fused hip to total hip arthroplasty with presurgical and postsurgical gait studies

This case study presents a subject with a fused hip converted to total hip arthroplasty. Kinematic gait analysis was conducted on 3 occasions, presurgery, 4 months postsurgery, and 2.5 years postsurgery. Presurgery data showed decreased cadence and shorter step length; sound limb possessed increased hip, knee range of motion (ROM), and increased knee flexion during stance; the affected limb had minimal hip motion and normal knee ROM with abnormal pattern. At 4 months postsurgery, the sound limb showed decreased step length, whereas the affected limb showed increased knee extension during stance and increased hip ROM. Data obtained at 2.5 years postsurgery indicated decreased cadence and speed and increased ROM in both limbs. The total hip arthroplasty had provided relief of chronic back and affected hip pain and improved mobility. Gait-specific training is recommended.     

Range of motion in contemporary total hip arthroplasty. The impact of modular head-neck components

The prosthetic range of motion (PROM) of two modular total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems and one older nonmodular comparison system was evaluated. The head-neck geometry of the modular systems resulted in a smaller PROM than the nonmodular system. Longer head-neck components commonly had flanges, which caused the greatest reduction in PROM. This effect became more pronounced as head size decreased. Modular head-neck components offer recognized benefits but can be associated with notably smaller ROM and increased risk of prosthetic impingement. The surgeon should be aware that in modern systems PROM decreases when neck width is increased. Moreover, in cases of prosthetic instability the potential role of the flange of a modular head should be evaluated. Methods are suggested for maximizing PROM clinically through preoperative planning, optimal femoral neck resection, and implant utilization.     

Hip range of motion during daily activities in patients with posterior pelvic tilt from supine to standing position

In most patients with hip disorders, the anterior pelvic plane (APP) sagittal tilt does not change from supine to standing position. However, in some patients, APP sagittal tilt changes more than 10° posteriorly from supine to standing position. The purpose of this study was to both examine APP sagittal tilt and investigate the hip flexion and extension range of motion (ROM) required during daily activities in these atypical patients. Patient‐specific 4‐dimensional (4D) motion analysis was performed for 50 hips from 44 patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty. All patients divided into two categories, such as atypical patients for whom the pelvis tilted more than 10° posteriorly from supine to standing position preoperatively (19 hips from 18 patients) and the remaining typical patients (31 hips from 26 patients). The required hip flexion and extension angles did not differ significantly between atypical patients and typical patients. In conclusion, the hip flexion ROM during deep bending activities and hip extension ROM during extension activities required in those atypical patients with pelvic tilt more than 10° backward from supine to standing position did not shift in the direction of extension. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:542–547, 2015.     

偏心距重建对股骨颈骨折关节置换术后恢复的影响

目的 探讨股骨颈骨折行人工关节置换术重建股骨偏心距(FO)对患者髋关节功能Harris评分及髋关节活动度的影响.方法 2004年2月至2005年10月对47例单侧股骨颈骨折行人工髋关节置换术的患者进行随访.随访时摄X线片测量,对比患侧与健侧FO.分析术后FO与患肢髋关节Harris评分及髋关节活动范围的相关性,对全髋关节置换术和人工双极头置换术的FO重建率进行χ2检验.结果 FO绝对值大小与患侧髋关节功能Harris评分高低尢相关关系(r=0.23,P=0.1 18),是否进行FO重建在髋关节功能Harris评分方面差异有统计学意义(t=7.25,P＜0.001)髋关节外展范围与FO存在明显正相关性(r=0.80,P＜0.001),全髋置换术及人工双极头置换术的FO重建率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.13,P＞0.05).结论 股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换术中重建FO有助于术后髋关节功能的恢复.FO的重建能影响髋关节的外展范围,但与术式选择(全髋置换术或人工双极头置换术)无关.     

Risk factors associated with heterotopic ossifications in primary total hip arthroplasty

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the important predisposing factors associated with heterotopic ossifications (HO) after total hip arthroplasty. METHOD: 589 patients were examined 6 months after primary total hip arthroplasty with regard to periarticular ossifications. Several predetermining factors were evaluated using the hospitalization records and preoperative X-ray examination. RESULTS: A significantly increased frequency of heterotopic ossifications was found for male gender, patients with very high body mass index (BMI), low preoperative range of motion (ROM), long duration of operation and large preexistent osteophytes (p < 0.05). Only one out of the one hundred patients with an BMI < 22.6 developed severe HO (Brooker III). Out of the one hundred patients with the best preoperative ROM (> or = 140 degrees ) only one case developed severe ossifications (Brooker III). There was no correlation with the use of acrylic bone cement or the patient's age. The frequency of HO was significantly reduced both as well by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as from postoperative radiation prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with low preoperative ROM in the hip joint, large osteophytes and a very high BMI an efficient prophylaxis against HO is of great importance.